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An analytical study of linear and non-linear convection in Boussinesq-Stokes suspensions
The Rayleigh-Benard situation in Boussinesq-Stokes suspensions is investigated using both linear and non-linear stability analyses. The linear and non-linear analyses are based on a normal mode solution and minimal representation of double Fourier series, respectively. The effect of suspended particles on convection is delineated against the background of the results of the clean fluid. The realm of non-linear convection warrants the quantification of heat transfer and this has been achieved on the Rayleigh-Nusselt plane. Possibility of aperiodic convection is discussed. 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Effects of non-uniform temperature gradient and magnetic field on the onset of convection in fluids with suspended particles under microgravity conditions
The effects of a non-uniform temperature gradient and magnetic field on the onset of convection driven by surface tension in a horizontal layer of Boussinesq fluid with suspended particles confined between an upper free / adiabatic boundary and a lower rigid / isothermal boundary have been considered. A linear stability analysis is performed. The microrotation is assumed to vanish at the boundaries. The Galerkin technique is used to obtain the eigenvalues. The influence of various parameters on the onset of convection has been analysed. Six different non-uniform temperature profiles are considered and their comparative influence on onset is discussed. It is observed that the electrically conducting fluid layer with suspended particles heated from below is more stable compared to the classical electrically conducting fluid without suspended particles. The critical wave number is found to be insensitive to the changes in the parameters but sensitive to the changes in the Chandrasekhar number. The problem has possible applications in microgravity space situations. -
Microhardness studies of GaTe whiskers
Single crystal whiskers of gallium telluride (GaTe) have been grown by the physical vapour deposition (PVD) method. Microindentation studies were carried out on the prism faces of the needles to understand their mechanical behaviour. The variation in the microhardnessof GaTe crystals with applied load has been determined at room temperature using Vickers microhardness indenter. The work- hardening exponent has also been computed for different load regions. 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. -
Magnetoconvection in fluids with suspended particles under 1g and ?g
The role of magnetic field in the inhibition of natural convection driven by combined buoyancy and surface tension forces in a horizontal layer of an electrically conducting Boussinesq fluid with suspended particles confined between an upper free/adiabatic and a lower rigid/isothermal boundary is considered in 1g and ?g situations. The inhibition of convection is caused by a stationary and uniform magnetic field parallel to the gravity field. The magnetically-inert suspended particles are not directly influenced by the magnetic field but are influenced indirectly by the magnetically responding carrier fluid in which they are suspended. A linear stability analysis of the system is performed. The Rayleigh-Ritz technique is used to obtain the eigenvalues. The influence of various parameters on the onset of convection has been analysed. Six different reference steady-state temperature profiles are considered and their comparative influence on onset is discussed. Treating Marangoni number as the critical parameter it is shown that any particular infinitesimal disturbance can be stabilized with a sufficiently strong magnetic field. It is observed that the electrically conducting fluid layer with suspended particles heated from below is more stable compared to the classical electrically conducting fluid layer without suspended particles. The critical wave number is found to be insensitive to the changes in the suspension parameters but sensitive to the changes in the Chandrasekhar number. The problem has possible space applications. 2002 itions scientifiques et micales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. -
Robs algorithm
Sparse matrix is a matrix having a relatively large proportion (proportion - a ratio is a comparison of two numbers. We generally separate the two numbers in the ratio with a colon (:)) of zero elements. To store the elements of the matrix in computer memory, linear array concept of storing is used. When a sparse matrix is stored in full-matrix storage mode, all its elements, including its zero elements, are stored in an array, which is a wastage of memory. In order to avoid the memory and processing overhead many alternate forms are used. Each one has separate time and space complexities and performances. In this paper we are suggesting one way of representing the sparse matrix which has both time and space complexity O(2n) only, while all other methods work with complexity more than O(3n) where n is the total number of non-zero elements in the matrix .The implementation of this algorithm in applications may improve the performance especially in the area of adjacency matrix, tree representation, 3D representation to an object, network communication, electronics, mathematical calculations, picture storage/file storage, file compression, bioinformatics, and the computer performance. The proposed algorithm has a large scope not only in computing but also in different branches of science, electronics and graphics. 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Influence of HRM practices on organizational commitment: A study among software professionals in India
Although organizational commitment has been discussed frequently in organizational psychology for almost four decades, few studies have involved software professionals. A study in India reveals that HRM practices such as employee-friendly work environment, career development, developmentoriented appraisal, and comprehensive training show a significant positive relationship with organizational commitment. The study's results emphasize the role of such HRD variables as inculcating and enhancing organizational commitment, and suggest that HRD practitioners and researchers should further develop commitment-oriented organization policies. Copyright 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. -
Effect of a non-uniform basic temperature gradient on Rayleigh-Benard convection in a micropolar fluid
The qualitative effect of a non-uniform basic temperature gradient on the linear stability analysis of the Rayleigh-Benard convection in an Eringen's micropolar fluid is studied numerically using a single-term Galerkin technique. The eigenvalue is obtained for free-free, rigid-free, and rigid-rigid velocity boundary combinations with isothermal and adiabatic temperature conditions on the spin-vanishing boundaries. The eigenvalues are also obtained for lower rigid isothermal and upper free adiabatic boundaries with vanishing spin. The influence of various micropolar fluid parameters on the onset of stationary convection has been analysed. Six different basic temperature profiles are considered and their comparative influence on onset is discussed. It is observed that the Rayleigh number obtained is lower than that of the corresponding Newtonian fluid problem. Some important mechanisms of advancing or delaying convection are discussed. 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Solution structure of the tachykinin peptide eledoisin
Both the aqueous and the lipid-induced structure of eledoisin, an undecapeptide of mollusk origin, have been studied by two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and distance geometry calculations. Unambiguous nuclear magnetic resonance assignments of protons have been made with the aid of correlation spectroscopy experiments and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy experiments. The distance constraints obtained from the nuclear magnetic resonance data have been utilized in a distance geometry algorithm to generate a family of structures, which have been refined using restrained energy minimization and dynamics. These data show that, while in water and dimethyl sulfoxide, eledoisin prefers to be in an extended chain conformation, whereas in the presence of perdeuterated dodecylphosphocholine micelles, a membrane model system, helical conformation is induced in the central core and C-terminal region (K4-M11) of the peptide. N terminus, though less defined, also displays some degree of order and a possible turn structure. The conformation adopted by eledoisin in the presence of dodecylphosphocholine micelles is similar to the structural motif typical of neurokinin-2 selective agonists and with that reported for kassinin in hydrophobic environment. -
The business of education and ethical quest
[No abstract available] -
Tourism and Economic Growth in Sri Lanka: An ARDL Bounds Testing Approach
The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of tourism on economic growth in Sri Lanka through the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach. The analysis was carried out for the period from 1969 to 2009. By and large, our analysis reveals that tourism has a positive impact on economic growth in Sri Lanka both in the short-run and long-run. 2012, National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA). All rights reserved. -
BRICS: Advancing Cooperation and Strengthening Regionalism
In the era of regional international relations and more interdependence, organisations like the Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) can play a meaningful role in international level as well as regional in years to come. The recent summit of the BRICS reiterates that more cooperation is needed at various levels. In Delhi declaration, it is called for a more representative international financial architecture, with an increase in the voice and representation of developing countries and the establishment and improvement of a just international monetary system that can serve the interests of all countries and support the development of emerging and developing economies. Moreover, these economies having experienced broad-based growth are now significant contributors to global recovery. This is true. One must acknowledge the fact that the roles of the BRICS countries are composed of various political systems, various subcontinent, but in the changed context, all these countries are coming under the purview of the developing countries in broader terms. That makes the BRICS beyond the regional boundaries to set a benchmark in the regional cooperation. Chinas permanent status in the United Nations makes the BRICS more strategically oriented and pragmatic aspects of foreign policy engagement in the twenty-first century. The political leadership and vision is equally important with economic engagement. The four major theories of the international relations (IR) are striking in this respect which includes liberalism, realism, constructivism and Marxism. Theoretical framework relevant to regionalism in focusing on IR theories is also analysed in this article. The main argument of the article is that there is no prescribed regional model and BRICS has to tune to the member countries regional and political frameworks to engage with. Therefore, the framework of analysis is more or less critical about the Western engagement and it is region focused. 2012 Indian Council of World Affairs. -
Synthesis and characterization of carbon nanospheres from hydrocarbon soot
Foreseeing the upcoming era of the carbon nanomaterials and their revolutionary applications, we have identified and explored the structural parameters of five effective precursors of the same-carbon black, soot obtained by the thermal decomposition of kerosene, diesel, paraffin wax and lubricant oil. Micro-Raman spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy, Electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and elemental analysis are employed for the structural and morphological characterization of the nanomaterials formed. The average lateral size (La), stacking height (Lc) and interlayer spacing (d002) of the crystallite structures calculated from the X-ray intensities are found to be ranging from 4.3-5.9 nm, 0.63-2.40 nm and 3.10- 3.68 respectively. La values determined by Raman and XRD analysis are in very good agreement thereby reinforcing the nanocrystalline structure of the samples. The very low I20/I26 ratio obtained reveals a relatively low amount of disorder in the nanostructures. Nanomaterials formed have the morphology of non-uniform nanospheres with diameter varying between 26-100 nm. EDS and elemental analysis confirms the absence of metal impurities. FTIR spectra of the samples shows the presence of stretching vibrations of -OH bonds, aliphatic -CH, -CH2 and -CH3 absorptions, C=C and -CH absorptions of aromatic structures. 2012 by ESG. -
True and fair financial reporting: A tool for better corporate governance
Purpose - Transparency of financial information promotes corporate growth. The purpose of this paper is to concentrate on the need for strengthening the law governing true and fair corporate accounting. The first part of the paper concentrates on nexus between the importance of transparency in accounting embodied under the provisions of the Companies Act in India and in the UK. Second, the paper focuses on the board of director's duty to prevent corporate fraud through proper financial reporting. Design/methodology/approach - The methodology for this study is analytical. Comparative study of the law governing accounting provisions in India and UK is also looked into. Findings - The law governing financial transparancy envisaged under the Companies Act in India makes it obligatory on the part of the companies to disclose the material information relevant to the investors. However, the directors of the company often show an unreal picture of the financial position of the company, so as to retain the existing shareholders and to attract more investors. This can be avoided if the composition of audit committees in the companies includes a few representatives of shareholders who are competent to asses the true and fair view of the company accounts prepared by the auditors. Research limitations/implications - The focus of this research paper is mainly on the legal regimes and the accounting and auditing provisions of India and the UK. Originality/value - The paper shows that the Companies Act in India should strengthen the accounting provisions and it should mandate the compulsory observance of accounting standards. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. -
Biological elimination of minerals from high ash coal by Aspergillus-like fungi
Efficiency of filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus niger on the bio-liquefaction of low rank Indian coals, its chemical composition, surface characteristics of the products and the microbial mechanisms of coal conversion were studied. Virgin and bio-liquefied/solubilized coal samples were characterized using FT-IR, Scanning electron microscopy and CHNS and proximate analysis. The micrographs were bright field and reveal several features correspond to the mineral grains comprising of aluminium, silicates and calcites. The absence of some morphological features corresponds to inorganic elements in residual samples which confirm demineralisation with the possible formation of respective Aluminum and Silicate complexes. The change in absorption of mineral matter functional group of these coal samples were studied using Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FT-IR). From the proximate analysis it was found that the ash content decreased by 76% when treated with fungal culture. Global Science Publications. -
Study of candidate Be stars in the Magellanic Clouds using near-infrared photometry and optical spectroscopy
Mennickent et al. and Sabogal et al. identified a large number of classical Be (CBe) candidates (?3500) in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC) based on their photometric variability using the OGLEII data base. They classified these stars into four different groups based on the appearance of their variability. In order to refine and understand the nature of this large number of stars, we studied the infrared properties of the sample and the spectroscopic properties of a subsample. We cross-correlated the optical sample with the IRSF-MCPS catalogue to obtain the J, H, K s magnitudes of all the four types of stars (?2500) in the LMC and SMC. Spectra of 120 stars belonging to the types 1, 2 and 3 were analysed to study their spectral properties. Among the four types, the type 4 stars are the dominant group, with ?60 and ?65 per cent of the total sample in the LMC and SMC, respectively. The near-infrared (NIR) colour-colour diagrams suggest that the type 4 stars in the LMC have a subclass, which is not found in our Galaxy or in the SMC. This subclass is ?18 per cent of the type 4 sample. The main type 4 sample which is ?49 per cent of the total sample has NIR properties similar to the Galactic CBe stars and the SMC type 4 stars. Though the new subclass of type 4 stars have high E(B-V) ? 0.75, they are not located close to regions with high reddening. The type 3 stars (?6 per cent and 7.3 per cent in the LMC and SMC) are found to have large H? equivalent width (EW) in the SMC and some are found to have large NIR excess. This small fraction of stars are unlikely to be CBe stars. Three stars among the type 3 stars in the LMC are found to be double periodic variables. The type 2 stars are found in larger fraction in the SMC (?14.5 per cent), when compared to the LMC (?6 per cent). The spectroscopic and the NIR properties suggest that these could be CBe stars. The type 1 stars are relatively more in the LMC (?24 per cent) when compared to the SMC (?13 per cent). The SMC type 1 stars have relatively large H? EW and this class has properties similar to CBe stars. The spectroscopic sample of type 1 stars which show H? in emission and are confirmed as CBe stars are more abundant in the SMC by a factor of 2.6. If the effect of metallicity is to cause more CBe stars in the SMC, when compared to the LMC, then type 1, type 2 and type 4 stars follow this rule, with an enhancement of 2.6, 2.4 and 1.3, respectively. 2012 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2012 RAS. -
Gender differences in social capital and job search methods in the information technology industry in bangalore
The existence of transaction costs in recruitments and information asymmetry in the labour markets could lead to a preference for informal methods of job search for potential employees and referral-based recruitments for employers. This preference is explicit in the Information Technology (IT) industry, which promotes an incentive-based referral recruitment system. However, such a system raises questions as to whether a level playing field is available for men and women alike to compete for available jobs in the industry. The paper aims at shedding light on the differences in social capital characteristics of men and women, in their job search choices between formal and informal methods, and the implications of the same in the labour market through a gendered perspective. Additionally, the paper explores the association between the strength of ties in informal networks, on one hand, and income and job satisfaction in jobs found through these networks, on the other. The study finds that there are considerable differences in the social capital characteristics of male and female IT employees. The relationship between the strength of ties in informal contacts used to find the current job and job satisfaction are consistent with the existing theoretical insights. However, there is no statistically significant relationship between the strength of ties and income. 2017, Springer India. All rights reserved. -
6-Bromo-2-(3-phenylallylidene)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazol-1-one
molecules of the title compound, C21H16BrNO, are linked through pairs of N-H?O intermolecular hydrogen bonds into centrosymmetric R2 2(10) dimers. One of the C atoms of the cyclohex-2-enone ring is disordered with refined occupancies of 0.61 (2) and 0.39 (2). -
Visual Culture, Spectatorship and Humanitarian Disaster: Vanni Eli and the Representation of the Sri Lankan Civil War
This article examines the dialogic encounter between the spectator and the spectacle in the context of war crimes and humanitarian disasters (in this context, the Sri Lankan civil war) in Vanni Eli, a short film by a Sri Lankan Tamizh diasporic filmmaker Tamiliam Subhas. The narrative introduces us not only to the military disaster that is war but also to the humanitarian disasters effected through war. The article studies the role of the spectator who 'witnesses' the torture, and thus complicates the ethics of both the act of torture and the viewing of it.By looking closely at the ingenious ways of narrating torture the article argues that the creative representation of war and disaster implicates within its discourse not merely the participants and the victims of the war alone but also the 'peripheral' subjects like the mice (the film's lead 'actors'), and by extension, the spectators participating in the discursive construction of the victimized. Despite the symbolic disembodiment and effacement of the tortured, their suffering is recognized as a humanitarian disaster with the shared grammar of suffering common to all. 2012 Mudra Institute of Communications. -
Characterization of diesel soot from the combustion in engine by X-ray and spectroscopic techniques
Carbon nanomaterials formed during the combustion of Diesel inside engine is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and spectroscopic techniques. The soot are collected from the Engine and washed with Acetone. Carbon Nanomaterials produced from diesel soot show the morphology of carbon nanospheres mixed with carbon nanotubes. X-ray diffraction investigation shows the presence of carbon nanotubes in association with amorphous nanomaterial. EDS analysis of Diesel soot indicates that the soot particles to be composed of primarily carbon and oxygen along with hydrogen. NMR spectrum of the soot reveals significant aliphatic component with predominance of methyl and methylene groups on ? and ? positions to aromatic rings. There is significant fraction of hydrogen on the ? position at 0.864 ppm, which suggests the existence of large aliphatic chains or saturated rings joined to aromatic rings. The IR spectrum shows characteristic signals in the region 1700-1000 cm -1, where the most important one correspond to C=O stretching of carboxylic acids at 1639 cm -1, C=C stretching of aromatic groups at 1533 cm -1, and aliphatic C-H plane deformation of CH 2/CH 3 groups at 1380 cm -1 and 1445 cm -1 respectively. 2012 by ESG. -
Spherulitic crystallization of ?-In2Te3 by physical vapour deposition
Different morphologies of indium telluride (In2Te3) including novel spherulites were crystallized using the physical vapour deposition (PVD) method, by varying the difference in the growth and source zone temperature (?T) of a dual zone horizontal furnace assembled indigenously. Whiskers and kinked needles of In2Te3were grown at ?T = 250 K and 300 K respectively, maintaining the growth zone at 500 C. At high supersaturation (? T = 400 K), spherulitic crystals were obtained. The stoichiometric composition of these crystals has been confirmed using energy dispersive analysis by x-rays (EDAX). The structure of ?-In2Te3 spherulitic crystals is identified as zinc blende with lattice parameter a = 6.159 from x-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed the radial structure of the grown spherulites. The growth mechanism for the spherulitic crystallization of ?-In2Te3 crystals has been discussed based on the theoretical models. Copyright 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.