Browse Items (11810 total)
Sort by:
-
Effect of rotation on Brinkman-Bard convection of a Newtonian nanoliquid using local thermal non-equilibrium model
Rayleigh-Bard-Taylor convection in a Newtonian, nanoliquid-saturated high porous medium using the local thermal non-equilibrium model (LTNE) is studied analytically using the single term Galerkin technique. The Bousinessq approximation is considered to be valid and the exerted centrifugal force due to rotation is taken. A high porosity porous material glass reinforced fiber with porosity 0.88% is considered and hence the Brinkman model is adopted. The rate of rotation is quantified by the Taylor number and the stability of the system is controlled by thermal Rayleigh number. The expression for the critical eigenvalue (Rayleigh number) is obtained for both idealistic and realistic boundary conditions, that is, stress-free, isothermal and rigid-rigid, isothermal boundary conditions. The presumption of LTNE advances the inception of convection and increases the transport of heat in comparison with that of the local thermal equilibrium (LTE) assumption whereas the opposite phenomenon is seen with the effect of rotation. The effect of various non-dimensional parameters on the convection onset and on transport of heat is also investigated. The results of Rayleigh-Bard-Taylor convection using the LTE assumption are obtained as limiting cases of the present study for infinite values of the ratio of thermal conductivities and the interphase heat transfer coefficient. 2021 Elsevier Ltd -
Effect of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and a combination of both on andrographolide production in cell suspension cultures of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees
Elicitors act as signaling compounds that can induce and enhance the production of metabolites by activating biochemical pathways in response to external stress. Salicylic acid (SA) acts as a signaling molecule in plants in response to an attack by biotrophic pathogens whereas jasmonic acid (JA) is released in plants in response to wounds and herbivory. Both the signaling molecules aid in plant chemical defenses by increasing the production of secondary metabolites. The present study investigates the effect of SA, JA, and the combination of both (SA + JA) on the andrographolide content in cell suspension cultures of Andrographis paniculata. Four different concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100 M) of SA and JA individually, and an equimolar combination of both SA and JA together, were administered to cell suspension cultures taken in triplicates at shake flask scale. Andrographolide content was estimated using high performance liquid chromatography. Both SA and JA showed a positive effect on andrographolide content with the increase in their concentrations. SA at its highest concentration resulted in just 0.18-fold increase (83.33 6.7 g/g DCW) in andrographolide content compared to control, whereas JA resulted in a 3-fold increase (211 5.8 g/g DW); the combination of both SA and JA had an intermediate effect at all concentrations except one concentration (75 + 75 M) which resulted in a 3.8-fold increase (280 2.7 g/g DW), in andrographolide content. 2023 Ahmed and Praveen. -
Effect of salt fingers on heat transfer for different non-uniform concentration profiles in a micropolar liquid
This paper discusses the theoretical aspects of the effect of salt fingers on heat transfer for different non-uniform concentration profiles in a micropolar liquid layer kept between two parallel plates of infinite extent separated by a thin layer, heated and soluted from above. The onset of salt finger convection (convection due to the salt finger process) is studied through the linear stability analysis theory. The system of partial differential equations is solved numerically using the normal mode analysis method and the required solution is found by applying the Galerkin method. The effect of heat transfer and concentration of micropolar liquid is obtained for (i) freefree, (ii) rigidrigid, and (iii) rigidfree isothermal, permeable with no-spin boundary conditions. The effect of different micropolar parameters (i.e.,coupling parameter, micropolar heat conduction parameter, couple stress parameter, and inertia parameter) has been analyzed on the onset of stationary convection, and the results are depicted graphically. It is shown that different non-uniform concentration gradients, diffusivity ratio, coupling parameter, and solutal Rayleigh number influence the heat transfer in the system. The phase of concentration flow for different boundary conditions is compared and analyzed. 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. -
Effect of salt spray parameters on TiC reinforced aluminium based in-situ metal matrix composites
This paper aims attention at characteristics of corrosion of reinforced primary and secondary processed Al6061 based composites along TiC particles. Using potassium hexaflourotitanate (K2TiF6) and potassium tetrafluoroborate (KB4) halide salts, the synthesis of composites was done utilizing in-situ technique using stir casting route at temperature 850 Celsius. Open die forging was subjected upon in-situ composites of cast aluminium alloy at a temperature 500C. Both microstructure studies and salt spray test were subjected upon to forged and cast alloy 6061 and its in-situ composites. In accordance to ASTM B117 standard test procedure, salt spray test was conducted utilizing 5% NaCl test solution. The results impart that, the alloy forged, and respective in-situ composites exhibited enhanced corrosion resistance comparatively. 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
EFFECT OF SECOND SOUND ON THE ONSET OF RAYLEIGH-B??NARD-MARANGONI MAGNETO CONVECTION
The effects resulting from the substitution of the classical Fourier law by the non-classical Maxwell-Cattaneo law in Rayleigh-B??nard-Marangoni convection in an electrically conducting Newtonian fluid are studied using the Galerkin technique. In the case of Rayleigh??B??nard convection, the eigenvalue is obtained for free-free, rigid-free and rigid-rigid velocity boundary combinations with isothermal and adiabatic boundaries. In the case of Marangoni and Rayleigh-B??nard-Marangoni convection the eigenvalues are obtained for an upper free / adiabatic and a lower rigid / isothermal boundaries. A linear stability analysis is performed. The influence of various parameters on the onset of convection has been analyzed. The classical approach predicts an infinite speed for the propagation of heat. The present non-classical theory involves a wave type heat transport (SECOND SOUND) and does not suffer from the physically unacceptable drawback of infinite heat propagation speed. It is found that the results are noteworthy at short times and the critical eigenvalues are less than the classical ones. -
Effect of Short Glass Fiber Addition on Flexural and Impact Behavior of 3D Printed Polymer Composites
Fused deposition modeling (FDM), one of the most widely used additive manufacturing (AM) processes, is used for fabrication of 3D models from computer-aided design data using various materials for a wide scope of applications. The principle of FDM or, in general, AM plays an important role in minimizing the ill effects of manufacturing on the environment. Among the various available reinforcements, short glass fiber (SGF), one of the strong reinforcement materials available, is used as a reinforcement in the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) matrix. At the outset, very limited research has been carried out till date in the analysis of the impact and flexural strength of the SGF-reinforced ABS polymer composite developed by the FDM process. In this regard, the present research investigates the impact and flexural strength of SGF-ABS polymer composites by the addition of 15 and 30 wt % SGF to ABS. The tests were conducted as per ASTM standards. Increments in flexural and impact properties were observed with the addition of SGF to ABS. The increment of 42% in impact strength was noted for the addition of 15 wt % SGF and 54% increase with the addition of 30 wt % SGF. On similar lines, flexural properties also showed improved values of 44 and 59% for the addition of 15 and 30 wt % SGF to ABS. SGF addition greatly enhanced the properties of flexural and impact strength and has paved the path for the exploration of varied values of reinforcement into the matrix. 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society -
-
Effect of Social Cognitive Skills Training (SCST) on Cognitive and Affective Theory of Mind in Adolescents
Social cognitive skills training (SCST) in a therapeutic setup can result in more positive outcomes when incorporated with psychotherapy, especially among adolescents with minor social-cognitive impairments, and it may result in multifarious benefits to mitigate their social-cognitive dysfunction. This research focuses on the effect of SCST on the cognitive and affective theory of mind for adolescents with low social cognition. Quasi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design was used. Edinburgh Social Cognition test (ESCoT) was used for pre-and post-testing one week before and post-SCST training. The significant findings reveal a positive impact of SCST on the affective theory of mind and cognitive theory of mind in the experimental group. No significant changes were found in the control group (waitlisted). The results help validate the SCST module to improve an adolescents cognitive and affective theory of mind in social cognition. Further implications are discussed. 2024, Institute for Human Rehabilitation. All rights reserved. -
-
Effect of social influence on the saving behaviour of freelancing undergraduate students, mediated by financial literacy and self-control; [Vliv socino aspektu na spo?icchovstudent? na volnnoze ve vztahu k finan?ngramotnosti a sebekontrole]
Currently, India is among the countries with the largest youth population with 65% of the people aged below 35 years. These youths engage themselves in a multitude of things which generation-x was not aware. Their daily routine, study habits, entertainment, computer knowledge, and financial affairs are different from that of earlier generations. There is a need to study their financial situation and saving habit as their approach towards enjoyment, recreation, and lifestyle are influenced by factors like social media and popular culture. This study aims to find the mediation effect of financial literacy and self-control on the relationship between social influence and saving behaviour of undergraduate (UG) students, who are freelancing while pursuing their studies. The study obtained 357 responses to questionnaires through purposive sampling method. The study adopted causal mediation research design and employed mediation analysis to find the direct, indirect, and total effects of the relationship between social influence and saving behaviour among freelancing UG students. The results of the study revealed a partial mediation effect, indicating that the social influence not only had a direct impact on the saving behaviour of UG students in India, but also mediated it through financial literacy and self-control. Further research could focus on understanding students knowledge of digital-financial management, as digitisation of the financial sector is rapidly expanding. 2023 The Authors. -
Effect of social performance on sustainability of microfinance institutions
Microfinance is one of the sustainable business models with a double bottom line of financial and social relevance in the turf of development. Microfinance was recognized as a development tool that enhanced income and the standard of living of the marginalized through a sustainable business model. newlineThe concept of social performance,financial performance in microfinance institutions, and the trend of commercialization resulted in understanding the effect of social performance on the sustainability of microfinance institutions. newlineThe effect of social performance on the sustainability of microfinance institutions was quantified using CERISE (Committee of Exchanges of Reflection and Information on Systems of Savings Credit) and Social Performance Indicator (SPI) tool. Financial performance of the microfinance institutions were analyzed from 6 years audited financials of the microfinance institutions (Financial years 2009 2010 to 2014 2015),and various ratios were calculated from the audited financials and gathered information. newlineRBI-NBFC-MFIs directions resulted in reductions in the portfolio yield, portfolio risk, personal expenses, administration and other expenses. Portfolio yield was 31.12% in the financial year 2010 2011, which reduced to 22.45% in the financial year 2013 2014. Portfolio risk was 2.11% in the financial year 2010 2011, which reduced to 0.24% in the financial year 2014 2015. Personal expense was 10.46% in the financial year 2010 2011, which reduced to 5.46% in the financial year 2014 2015. Administration and other expense was 2.95 in the year 2014 15. Even though there was reduction in the portfolio yield, after implementing RBI-NBFC-MFI directions all the NBFC-MFIs of the study were sustainable. newlineThe scores of social performance of NBFC-MFIs depict that NBFC-MFIs adopted social performance initiatives in the business operations and that there are areas for improvement. -
Effect of solvent polarity on the photophysical properties of chalcone derivatives
The absorption and fluorescence characteristics of (E)-3-(furan-2-yl)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (FNPO), (E)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(furan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (AFPO) and (E)-3-(furan-2-yl)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (FHPO) were recorded in eighteen different solvents with increasing polarities at room temperature. The solvatochromic effects on absorption and fluorescence spectra have shown bathochromic shifts from non-polar to polar solvents for the reported molecules due to intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) interactions. It has indicated a large difference in dipole moment between electronically ground and excited states and the molecules were found to be more stabilized in singlet excited state than the ground state. The ground and excited state dipole moments of FNPO, AFPO and FHPO were determined experimentally by solvatochromic shift method using Bilot-Kawski, Lippert-Mataga, Bakhshiev, Kawski-Chamma-Viallet and Reichardt's microscopic solvent polarity functions. HOMO-LUMO energy values of FNPO, AFPO and FHPO were determined using cyclic voltammetry and compared with those values obtained by TD-DFT (B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)) method. 2017 The Royal Society of Chemistry. -
Effect of solvents on photophysical properties and quenching of 2-{[3-(1H-benzimidazole-2-yl) phenyl] carbonoimidoyl}phenol
The effect of solvents of varying polarity on the absorption and fluorescence emission of the Schiff base, 2-{[3-(1H-benzimidazole-2-yl) phenyl]carbonoimidoyl}phenol, was studied using Lippert-Mataga bulk polarity function, Reichardt's microscopic solvent polarity parameter and Kamlet's multiple linear regression approach. The spectral properties follow Reichardt's microscopic solvent polarity parameter better than Lippert-Mataga bulk polarity parameter, indicating the presence of both general solute-solvent interactions and specific interactions. Catalan's multiple linear regression approach indicates the major role of solvent polarizability/dipolarity influence compared with solvent acidity or basicity. The solvatochromic effect was utilized to calculate the dipole moments of ground and excited states of the Schiff base using different methods. Bathochromic shift in the emission spectrum and the increase in dipole moment in the excited state signifies the intramolecular charge transfer character in the emitting singlet state. Fluorescence quenching by aniline was also studied in 1,4-dioxane and n-butanol, and the results were analyzed using sphere of action static quenching and finite sink approximation models. 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. -
Effect of sonication in enhancing the uniformity of MWCNT distribution in aluminium alloy AA2219 matrix
The present paper investigates the effect of premixing process on the distribution of 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1 and 2 wt.% multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and resultant properties of aluminium alloy AA2219 matrix. Premixing process consists of ultrasonication, magnetic stirring and mechanical stirring. FESEM was used for characterizing the distribution of reinforcement in the matrix. Ball milling with premixing was found to be effective in achieving better uniform distribution of the reinforcement than mere ball milling. Hardness testing of the composite revealed reinforcement of MWCNT enhances the matrix hardness. The thermal stability of composite as evidenced by DTA analysis proved the presence of MWCNT without any structural damages. 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Effect of source-substrate distance on the transparent electrode properties of spray pyrolysed aluminium doped zinc oxide thin films
The wide band gap zinc oxide is a potential metal oxide that has been widely used in optoelectronic applications. The zinc oxide thin films demonstrate excellent conductivity and transparency enabling them for transparent electrode applications. The aluminium doping is an efficient route in further improving the conductivity without compromising the transparency and scalable spray pyrolysis is an effective approach in realizing high quality thin films. Our current study focuses on the effects of distance between the substrate and spray nozzle on the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of aluminium doped zinc oxide. Our results suggests that this spray parameter has appreciable impact on the thin film properties and can be optimized for tuning properties. We explain this in detail backed by the characterization of thin films by X-ray diffraction, Atomic Force Microscopy, UVVis-NIR spectroscopy, Photoluminescence and Hall effect measurements. 2021 -
-
Effect of Substrate Temperature on Properties of Copper Oxide Thin Films Coated by Spray Pyrolysis
Copper oxide shows a wide range of optical as well as electrical characteristics depending upon the preparation parameters. This wide range turning capability makes it a preferable candidate for effective use in various application fields like optical filters, light energy harvesting, gas sensing and semiconducting device fabrication. Spray pyrolysis technique with manual spray system was used to deposit a thin layer of copper oxide on glass substrates at temperatures of 300oC, 350o C, and 400o C. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that all the thin films obtained have monoclinic phase. A change of grain size from 15 nm to 25 nm was observedas the substrate temperature was varied from 300oC to 400o C.The Hall coefficient analysis confirms p-type conductivity in films obtained at 300o C and 350oC and N type conductivity with high resistivity for film coated at 400o C. Optical band gap increases from 1.75 to 2.17 eV with the increase in substrate temperature due to energy band tailing. 2023, Books and Journals Private Ltd.. All rights reserved. -
Effect of substrate temperature on the properties of spray deposited Ga2O3 thin films, for solar blind UV detector applications
In this work, Ga2O3 thin films were deposited on glass substrates by chemical spray pyrolysis technique at three different substrate temperatures 350 C, 400 C, and 450 C. The structural, optical, morphological and electrical characteristics of the deposited sample thin films were investigated. From the studies, it is understood that by tuning substrate temperature, we can extensively change the properties of the film. Optimum temperature for coating Ga2O3 thin films was understood and the work was extended to demonstrate a simple deep UV detector, working in photoconductive mode. The fabricated device exhibit medium response to UV light at 254 nm. The present work report the fabrication of solar blind UV detector based on Ga2O3 thin film, grown using low cost, easily scalable spray deposition technique. 2022 Elsevier B.V. -
Effect of Subtitles on Gaze Behavior during Shot Changes: An Eye-tracking Study; [Efecto de los subtulos en el comportamiento de la mirada durante los cambios de plano: un estudio de seguimiento ocular]
The study provides a comprehensive picture of the effect of subtitles on the gaze behavior of the participants while watching continuity editing and discontinuity editing style cinema. Three video clips (with English subtitles and without subtitles) of continuity editing and discontinuity editing styles were presented to participants. The video clips came from English movies and the participants were not native English speakers. Entry time, dwell time, first fixation time, scan path, and average fixation duration were taken as dependent variables in this within-group study. The eye-tracking data gathered were subjected to repeated measures of two-way ANOVA and paired t-test. Results revealed that the appearance of subtitles at the bottom of the screen changed the eye movement pattern of the participants during the shot changes. Timing of the subtitle starting point (before the cut or after the cut) also affected the gaze behavior. The editing style, however, did not make any difference in the gaze behavior of participants while watching subtitled video clips. Further, participants preferred reading subtitles to seeing visual images even if the subtitles were presented during the shot changes. 2023. International Journal of Psychological Research provides open access to all its contents under the terms of the license creative commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) -
Effect of supercooling on the microstructural development and optimization of physical properties of melt grown SnSe crystals
The microstructural development of stoichiometric tin monoselenide (SnSe) crystals grown by vertical BridgmanStockbarger method using an indigenously fabricated furnace has been investigated under high vacuum (~ 10?6 mbar). The ampoule translation rate (tr) and supercooling, ?T (= Tm ? T, where Tm is the melting point and T is the crystallization temperature) were varied in the range, 122mm/h and 20100C respectively. Enhancement of ?T and tr led to constitutional supercooling, inducing compositional changes and non-stoichiometry. Low ?T (2040C) and high tr (1210mm/h) resulted in globules, flakes and cavities. When ?T = 60C and tr = 9 to 7mm/h, mounds were formed with closed contours and ripples, due to atomically rough liquidsolid (l-?) interface. Fine tuning of ?T (60C) and tr (2mm/h) enabled smooth planar interface, so as to yield good quality crystalline structures with periodic atomic deposition promoting crystal growth, layer-by-layer. Energy dispersive analysis by X-rays and powder X-ray diffraction studies revealed appreciable crystallinity, chemical homogeneity and phase purity. The density of crystals estimated from crystallographic data (6.183g/cm3) corroborates with that obtained utilizing Archimedes principle. Thermogravimetric and microindentation analyses established thermal and mechanical stability. The low etch pit density (~ 102 cm?2) manifests nearly perfect growth of crystals than their melt counterparts. UVVisNIR and PL spectra reflected direct transition with an energy gap of 1.32eV, validating immense potential of the grown crystals for photovoltaic applications. 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.