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Effect of surface charge and other critical parameters on the adsorption of dyes on SLS coated ZnO nanoparticles and optimization using response surface methodology
Adsorption is a possible method with distinct advantages to remediate pollution due to dyes. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) coated ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using the electrochemical method. The final product was dried at different temperatures, 60, 120, 150 and 300 C. The sample dried at 60 C was found to have the maximum SLS coating on its surface providing high negative charge density. This facilitates the adsorption of cationic dyes on its surface through electrostatic attraction. The effect of SLS on the adsorption process was confirmed by comparing it with ZnO without SLS. The effect of important parameters such as amount of adsorbent, concentration of dye, temperature and time on the percentage of adsorption was investigated using Box-Behnken design (BBD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The prepared catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis, infrared spectroscopic analysis, scanning electron microscopy, elemental detection analysis, thermogravimetric and zeta potential analysis. Finally, the study was extended to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms in order to confirm the type of adsorption. The adsorption kinetics studies showed that it obeys pseudo second order kinetics. 2020 Elsevier Ltd. -
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Effect of temperature modulation on Rayleigh-Benard convection in a rotating layer of a ferromagnetic fluid
The stability of a rotating horizontal layer of ferromagnetic fluid heated from below is examined when, in addition to a steady temperature difference between the walls of the layer, a time-dependent sinusoidal perturbation is applied to the wall temperatures. Only infinitesimal disturbances are considered. The effects of the oscillating temperature field are treated by a perturbation expansion in powers of the amplitude of the applied field. The onset criterion is derived when the condition for the principle of exchange of stabilities is valid. The shift in the critical Rayleigh number is calculated as a function of the frequency of modulation, magnetic parameters, Taylor number and Prandtl number. The effect of various parameters is found to be significant for moderate values of the frequency of modulation. It is shown that, when the thermal excitation is symmetric, supercritical motion is more pronounced for low Prandtl number ferro fluids. Further, for the case in which only the bottom wall temperature is modulated, the effect of rotation is to stabilize the system at low frequencies and the opposite is true for moderately large frequencies. The problem throws light on external means of controlling convection in ferromagnetic fluid applications. -
Effect of Temperature on Electrical Properties of Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)/Li-ion Embedded Flexible Solid Polymer Electrolyte Films
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized from graphite powder by modified Hummers method. The rGO is emerged with Polystyrene sulfonic acid/Lithium phosphate to prepare PL-rGO solid polymer electrolyte films. The electrical properties of Polystyrene sulfonic acid/Lithium phosphate/reduced graphene oxide composites were analyzed, which is an essential property to obtain the performance, reliability and lifetime of battery with respect to temperature. The mass and charge transfer process that takes place at the interface of electrode and electrolyte was obtained by Impedance analyzer. The Nyquist plots were plotted in the frequency range 1 Hz-35 MHz at different temperatures (30-100OC). The ionic conductivity of PL-rGO polymer electrolyte is 1.4x10-3 S/c.m has been observed for the composition PSSA/Li3PO4/rGO::50:45:05 wt%. The conductivity of PL-rGO composites is directly related to temperature. The hopping of the ions in the PL-rGO is observed by using dc conductivity which follows the Arrhenius relationship. 2019 Elsevier Ltd. -
Effect of temperature/gravity modulation on the onset of magneto-convection in electrically conducting fluids with internal angular momentum
The effect of time-periodic temperature/gravity modulation on the onset of magneto-convection in electrically conducting fluids with internal angular momentum is investigated by making a linear stability analysis. The results of the present study are presented against the background of the results of weak electrically conducting fluids. The qualitative findings of Siddheshwar and Pranesh are found to be true in the present case also except that the eigenvalue is found to be magnitudewise less than that obtained in the case of a weak electrically conducting fluid. -
Effect of temperature/gravity modulation on the onset of magneto-convection in weak electrically conducting fluids with internal angular momentum
The effect of time-periodic temperature/gravity modulation at the onset of magneto-convection in weak electrically conducting fluids with internal angular momentum is investigated by making a linear stability analysis. The Venezian approach is adopted in arriving at the critical Rayleigh and wave numbers for small amplitude temperature/gravity modulation. The temperature modulation is shown to give rise to sub-critical motion and gravity modulation leads to delayed convection. An asymptotic analysis is also presented for small and large frequencies. 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. -
Effect of the Process Parameters on Machining of GFRP Composites for Different Conditions of Abrasive Water Suspension Jet Machining
The selection of parameters for abrasive water suspension jet (AWSJ) machining of GFRP composites is a major aspect to be considered for optimizing the process. Generally, machining of plastics, polymer matrix composites are accomplished by the AWSJ machining carried out in the presence of atmospheric air; however, the existence of air around the AWSJ may lead to expansion of jet which results in increase in the kerf width and surface roughness; thus to overcome this drawback, an effort has been made in the current work to compare the effect of different process parameters on kerf width and surface roughness while using AWSJ techniques for machining glass fibre-reinforced plastic composite submerged in water. The exploratory outcomes have herewith validated the fact that the surface roughness and kerf width diminishes in under water machining when contrasted with that of free air machining; this is majorly attributed to the fact that the jet diameter reduces in under water AWSJ machining, thereby reducing the kerf width and surface roughness for optimized values of the parameters of speed, feed and standoff distance. Further, the experimental trials have clearly shown that the AWSJ machining used with an optimized set of parameters yields better machining capabilities as compared to abrasive water jet machining. 2019, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals. -
Effect of Transaction Costs on Portfolio Management
Zenith International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Vol-3 (7), pp. 115-126. ISSN-2231-5780 -
Effect of treated and untreated domestic sewage water irrigation on tomato plants
Background and Objectives: Agricultural cultivations in the world are suffering from water shortages. Water scarcity poses challenges in the economy and health of people all over the world. The present study aimed the cultivation of tomato plants using groundwater, treated and untreated domestic sewage water and tried to make a comparative study on the heavy metals present in the leaves and fruits of the tomato plants. Materials and Methods: The water samples were analyzed for various physicochemical parameters such as; pH, total hardness, chloride, total alkalinity, dissolved oxygen and heavy metal. Stomatal conductance was measured using porometer. The heavy metal analysis was conducted using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Results: All physicochemical parameters were found to be below the permissible level of standard values in the groundwater and treated domestic sewage water, but above the permissible level in untreated domestic sewage water. Stomatal conductance was found to be very low in the plants treated with untreated domestic waste water (296.33/428 in the ventral surface during the morning and noon, respectively) when compared to the leaves of the plants treated with other water samples. Untreated domestic sewage water showed a very high level of lead, i.e., 7.5354 ppm, whereas the treated sewage water contained 0.5650 ppm slightly above the permissible level. Conclusion: The present study has revealed that the treated domestic sewage water would be used for the irrigation of agricultural cultivation. 2020 Jobi Xavier and Akhil K. Varghese. -
Effect of tungsten oxide thin films deposited on cerium oxide nano rods for electrochromic applications
Cerium oxide Nanorods were synthesized on Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) coated glass substrate by hydrothermal process. Optimized Tungsten Oxide (WO3) films were coated on the top of cerium oxide (CeO2) Nanorods by a sputter deposition method. WO3 thin film was deposited at a constant substrate temperature of 300K under partial pressures of oxygen (ppo2) at 8 10?4 mbar. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), UVVisible spectrometer, and cyclic voltammetry were used to analyse the films for material, optical, surface, and electrochemical properties. The improved CeO2/WO3 films increased the cathodic peak current which is related to their high active surface area and increased H+ ions intercalation in the films. In addition, the CeO2 Nanorods/WO3 hybrid films had a better electrochemical property in terms of the diffusion coefficient of 5.53 10?8 cm2/s. These structures produce considerable coloration efficiency when compared to pure WO3 (9.88, 10.19 and, 8.14 cm2/C at 700 nm). This study predicts that how varying concentrations of cerium oxide Nano rods change WO3 electrochemical behaviour which will help to choose the right rare earth elements and concentrations for energy-efficient smart windows. 2022 -
Effect of vacancies on thermopower of molybdenum disulfide monolayers
A detailed theoretical investigation of the effect of scattering of electrons and phonons by lattice vacancies in molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayers (MLs) on diffusion, S d, and phonon-drag, S g, components of thermoelectric power (TEP), S, is presented over a wide-temperature range (1 < T < 300 K) using the Boltzmann transport formalism. The diffusion component is assumed to be influenced, not only by vacancies via short-range and Coulomb disorder scattering, but also by charged impurities (CIs) and acoustic and optical phonons. In the case of S g, the phonons are considered to be scattered, besides the vacancies, by sample boundaries, substitutional isotopic impurities, as well as other phonons via both N- and U-processes. Numerical calculations of S d and S g, as functions of temperature and vacancy defect density are presented for MoS2 MLs with n s = 1017 m-2 supported on SiO2/Si substrates. The role of carrier scatterings by mono-sulfur and mono-molybdenum vacancies in influencing the overall electron and phonon relaxation rates and in determining S d and S g are investigated. The behavior of S d and S g is found to be noticeably influenced by vacancy scattering. The influence on S d is seen to be more for mono-sulfur vacancies for densities lesser than 1%. The influence, is to enhance S d slightly for MLs with realizable CI concentrations. On the other hand, S g is found to depend sensitively on the vacancy disorder for T < 50 K; a S-vacancy density of 0.1% is found to suppress the characteristic peak of S g by almost 60%. The extent of reduction in the characteristic peak of S g, observable in low temperature measurements of S, can provide information about defect density. The calculations demonstrate that defect engineering of MoS2 ML systems can be used to tune their thermoelectric performance. A need for detailed experimental studies is suggested. 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd. -
Effect of variable viscosity on marangoni convective boundary layer flow of nanofluid in the presence of mixed convection
The effect of variable viscosity on Marangoni convection in immediate vicinity of the plate is discussed. The mathematical model of the problem is highly nonlinear partial differential equations transforms into two nonlinear ordinary differential equations by applying suitable similarity transformations. The reduced similarity equivalences are then solved numerically by RungeKutta Fehlberg-45 order method. The consequences of pertinent parameters like variable viscosity parameter, convection parameter and volume fraction are analyzed on various flow fields. The results acquired are on par with erstwhile published results. The results of the present study shows that for greater values of angular momentum the buoyancy effects dominate, augmentation in mixed convection carries away the free convection currents from the plate, increase in volume fraction of solid enhances the thermal conductivity of the fluid and it is important to note that Marangoni effect is constructive for cooling processes. 2019 by American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved. -
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Effect of Various Double-Frequency Modulations on Rayleigh-Benard Convection
Rayleigh-Bard convection in Newtonian fluid under different types of modulations are studied in this thesis by replacing the single frequency modulations with two frequency modulations with different amplitude and frequency. Linear and non-linear analysis of Rayleigh-Benard convection is considered under two-frequency gravity, rotation, temperature, magnetic field and internal heat generation modulation. The sixteen combinations of sinusoidal (trigonometric sine) and non-sinusoidal (square, triangular, sawtooth) wave forms of different modulations are considered to study the impact of modulations on the onset of convection and heat transport. The expressions for unmodulated Rayleigh number and correction Rayleigh number in the linear case are obtained from linearized Lorentz model using Venezian approach. To study the impact of different types of modulations and wave forms on the heat transport, the expression for the Nusselt number is obtained by solving the non-linear Lorentz model numerically. From the study it is found that the two-frequency modulations make the system more stable compare to no-modulation and single-frequency modulations. The mixing angle of the two frequency plays major role in deciding the stability of the system. The results pertaining to no-modulation and single frequency are obtained as the limiting cases. Onset of Rayleigh-Bard Convection and Heat Transfer under Two-frequency newlineRotation Modulation The study investigates the effect of sixteen sinusoidal (sine) and non-sinusoidal combinations (square, triangular, sawtooth) of time-periodic Coriolis force (rotation modulation) on Rayleigh-Bard convection (RBC) in a Newtonian liquid. The consideration captures the potential effects of two-frequency rotation modulation on stability, newlinespecifically the onset of convection and the amount of heat transfer in the system simultaneously. -
Effect of viscous dissipation and joule heating on three-dimensional mixed convection flow of nano fluid over a non-linear stretching sheet in presence of solar radiation
The present exploration deals the study of viscous dissipation and Joule heating effects on three-dimensional flow and heat transfer of nanofluid over a nonlinear stretching sheet. The fluid is assumed to be electrically conducting and the flow is persuaded by a stretching of an elastic sheet in two lateral directions. The governing partial differential equations are reduced to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by applying the suitable similarity transformations. The so obtained similarity equations are solved by employing the fourth-fifth order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method. The impact of various pertinent parameters on the velocities, temperature, skin friction coefficients and Nusselt number are computed and illustrations are provided by the inclusion of figures and tables. The present results have an excellent agreement with previously published results in a limiting sense. It is found that the heat transfer rate increases when radiation parameter is increased and the effect of nanoparticle volume fraction and thermal radiation stabilizes the thermal boundary layer growth. 2017 by American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved. -
Effect of viscous dissipation on three dimensional flow of a nanofluid by considering a gyrotactic microorganism in the presence of convective condition
This article deals with the combined effects of viscous dissipation and convective condition on 3D flow, heat and mass transfer of a nanofluid over a stretching sheet by considering gyrotactic microorganism. Appropriate transformations yield the nonlinear ordinary differential systems. The resulting nonlinear system has been solved. Role of substantial parameters on flow fields as well as on heat, mass and microorganism transportation rates are determined and conferred in depth through graphs. It is found that, the larger values of bio-convection Schmidt number decreases the microorganisms profile. 2018 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland. -
Effect of VR Technological Development in the Age of AI on Business Human Resource Management
Human resource management (HRM) strategies are increasingly using AI and other AI-based technologies for managing employees in both local and foreign enterprises. An exciting new field of study has emerged in the last decade on topics like the media interaction of AI and robotics, the possessions of AI acceptance on independence and consequences, and the evaluation of AI-enabled HRM practices due to the proliferation of AI-based implementations in the HRM function. The use of these technologies has influenced the way work is organized in both domestic and global corporations, presenting new possibilities for better resource management, faster decision-making, and more creative issue resolution. Research on AI-based solutions for HRM is scarce and dispersed, despite a growing interest in academia. Human resource management (HRM) roles and human-AI interactions in major multinational corporations disseminating such advances need more study. As computing and networking infrastructure has advanced rapidly, so has the era of artificial intelligence. Now that in the age of AI, virtual reality technology has found many applications beyond gaming. Human resource management has emerged as a hot topic, with interest coming from both large businesses and government agencies. Many studies have been conducted on HRM in the business world, but in order to stay up with the trends, HRM must be constantly updated. This article does a demand analysis, and sets up and tests a fully-featured VR business human resource management system, all against the backdrop of the age of artificial intelligence and the present popularity of VR technology. 2023 IEEE. -
Effect of Waste Materials in Partial Replacement of Cement Fine Aggregate and Course Aggregate in Concrete
International Journal of Inventive Engineering and Sciences (IJIES), Vol.2, Issue 4, ISSN: 2319-9598 -
Effect of Work Experience on Psychological Capital and Job Satisfaction among Employees
In todays fast-paced workplaces, where technology is evolving at a dizzying rate, professionals face a myriad of problems. Their inability to strike a healthy work-life balance may lead to feelings of dissatisfaction with their job. Consequently, in order to achieve flexible, long-term growth and job happiness, businesses should support their employees good psychological development. Primary data was acquired from employees in the automotive manufacturing company, totalling 95 individuals, using standardized questionnaires that had a good level of reliability and validity. The results indicated that there is no significant effect of work experience on the psychological capital of employees (F = 1.21; p < 0.30) and their job satisfaction (F = 0.35; p < 0.70). The major findings indicate that regardless of an employees level of experience, there is no substantial variation in the psychological capital and job satisfaction of the employees. This variation may also arise because of other specific factors. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Dr. Sundeep Katevarapu, Dr. Anand Pratap Singh, Dr. Priyanka Tiwari, Ms. Akriti Varshney, Ms. Priya Lanka, Ms. Aankur Pradhan, Dr. Neeraj Panwar, Dr. Kumud Sapru Wangnue; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Effective and Efficient Video Compression by the Deep Learning Techniques
Deep learning has reached many successes in Video Processing. Video has become a growing important part of our daily digital interactions. The advancement of better resolution content and the large volume offers serious challenges to the goal of receiving, distributing, compressing and revealing highquality video content. In this paper we propose a novel Effective and Efficient video compression by the Deep Learning framework based on the flask, which creatively combines the Deep Learning Techniques on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN). The video compression method involves the layers are divided into different groups for data processing, using CNN to remove the duplicate frames, repeating the single image instead of the duplicate images by recognizing and detecting minute changes using GAN and recorded with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). Instead of the complete image, the small changes generated using GAN are substituted, which helps with frame-level compression. Pixel wise comparison is performed using K-nearest Neighbours (KNN) over the frame, clustered with K-means and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is applied for every frame in the video for all three colour channels [Red, Green, Blue] to decrease the dimension of the utility matrix [R, G, B] by extracting its latent factors. Video frames are packed with parameters with the aid of a codec and converted to video format and the results are compared with the original video. Repeated experiments on several videos with different sizes, duration, Frames per second (FPS), and quality results demonstrated a significant resampling rate. On normal, the outcome delivered had around a 10% deviation in quality and over half in size when contrasted, and the original video. 2023 CRL Publishing. All rights reserved.