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Electrochemical synthesis of ribonolactone-A precursor for anti-covid drug remdesivir /
Patent Number: 202141035480, Applicant: Dr B S Praveen Kumar.
The invention aims to create an energy use model for a chiller in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system using the artificial neural network learning method. Input layers that included several input variables, quantity (percentage) of training data and number of neurons were measured for accuracy by the suggested chiller energy consumption model. A standard reference structure was also designed to provide operating data for the chiller system during long refrigeration periods (warm weather months). -
Electrochemical synthesis, photodegradation and antibacterial properties of PEG capped zinc oxide nanoparticles
The effect of surfactant and dopant on the properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles were studied by preparing polyethylene glycol (PEG) capped ZnO and tungsten doped PEG capped ZnO nanoparticles via the electrochemical method. These nanoparticles were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet Diffuse Reflection Spectroscopy (UV-DRS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electron Dispersive Analysis of X Rays (EDAX). The photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye using these nanoparticles was studied under visible light. The effects of various reaction parameters like dye concentration, catalyst concentration, pH and time were studied to optimize the photodegradation reaction. Reusability of these nanoparticles was studied and no significant change was observed in the degradation efficiency of PEG capped ZnO till the fourth cycle, while there was a gradual decrease in the degradation efficiency of tungsten doped PEG capped ZnO. Langmuir- Hinshelwood kinetic model well describes the photodegradation capacity and the degradation of malachite green follows pseudo-first order kinetics.Photocatalytic studies reveal that PEG capping increases the degradation properties of ZnO while tungsten doping decreases the extent of PEG capping and has a detrimental effect on the degradation properties of ZnO. The prepared nanoparticles exhibit significant antibacterial properties against gram-positive Bacillus cereus and gram-negative Escherichia coli bacterial strains by agar well diffusion method. 2018 Elsevier B.V. -
Electron beam mediated synthesis of photoluminescent organosilicon nanoparticles in TX-100 micellar medium and their prospective applications
The inherent advantages of Silicon have made it as one of the most sought-after elements in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Herein, we report an electron-beam induced formation of blue light emitting organosilicon nanoparticles (OSiNPs) in the micellar medium of Triton X-100 (TX-100). The profound role of the micellar medium can be realized from the enhanced colloidal stability as well as photoluminescence (PL) quantum efficiency (from ~9% to ~55%) of as synthesized OSiNPs. Mechanistic investigations revealed the crucial role of hydroxyl radical ([rad]OH) in the formation of OSiNPs. XPS and FTIR studies indicated the presence of siloxane/silicone and silica (SiO2) like units as the major constituents in the NPs. XRD pattern showed the amorphous nature of the NPs, while TEM studies revealed their aggregation. The hydrodynamic size of the NPs was determined to be ~24 nm. Interestingly, the NPs exhibited an excitation-wavelength-dependent PL behaviour, thereby indicating the presence of multiple emission centres (ECs). Detailed investigations based on steady-state as well as time-resolved PL measurements were conducted to analyse these ECs. In addition, pH and temperature-dependent studies were carried out to further substantiate these findings. Moreover, the experimental observations revealed their potential applications in the areas of thermosensing, fingerprinting and cell-imaging. Notably, the internalization of as prepared NPs within cells was evident from the bright fluorescence images obtained from the cytoplasmic region as compared to control cells. This observation also suggests the prospective application of these NPs for image guided drug delivery systems. 2021 Elsevier B.V. -
Electronic structure and intrinsic dielectric polarization of defect-engineered rutile TiO2
Experimental realization of colossal permittivity associated with intrinsic dielectric polarization of defect-engineered (Nb, In) co-doped rutile TiO2 appears to be most suitable for microelectronics and solid-state device applications. Combining resonant photoemission spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations, we here present a coherent understanding of electronic structure, in-gap defect states, doped electron localization, and their connection with macroscopic polarization for various doping configurations. Most often, conventional sample preparation conditions introduce in-gap states of Ti3+? character, limiting the maximum achievable intrinsic polarization value. Our understanding provides a pathway to enhance intrinsic polarization and minimize dielectric loss through suitable defect-engineering. The Royal Society of Chemistry. -
Electrospun nanofibers of 2D Cr2CTx MXene embedded in PVA for efficient electrocatalytic water splitting
The usage of transition metal carbide-based electrocatalysts has proven to be an efficient and effective strategy for enhancing the kinetics of water splitting reactions encompassing the generation of hydrogen (hydrogen evolution reaction, HER) and oxygen (oxygen evolution reaction, OER). In this investigation, we have prepared a composite material by integrating Cr2CTx MXene (derived from Cr2AlC MAX phase) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) through electrospinning technique. Carbonization of the MXene-PVA nanofibers resulted in the formation of Cr2CTx/carbon nanofiber (Cr2CTx/CNF) that exhibits high porosity, stability, surface area, and electrocatalytic activity. Systematic examination and optimization for the electrocatalytic water splitting reaction reveales outstanding performance, characterized by substantially lower overpotentials of 265 mV and 250 mV at the constant current density of 10 mA cm?2 with lower Tafel slope values of 85 mV dec?1 and 52 mV dec?1 for HER and OER, respectively. Moreover, this work presents a novel strategy for fabricating non-precious electrocatalyst Cr2CTx/CNF through a cost-effective and straightforward electrospinning and carbonization process, advancing electrocatalytic water splitting applications, especially for oxygen evolution reactions. 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry. -
Elemental abundances in the interstellar medium
One method to investigate the chemical composition of the interstellar medium (ISM) and interstellar dust grains is to conduct interstellar elemental depletion studies, especially of highly abundant species. The role refractory element, silicon (Si) in extinction is not clearly understood and the distribution and evolution of moderately volatile sulfur (S) in the ISM is still an open problem. The key motivation of the work is to investigatethe chemical composition of ISM of our Galaxy, and the formation, processing and distribution of interstellar dust in its different environments, mainly focusing on silicon and sulfur abundances, both in gas and dust.In the work outlined in this thesis, I will be describing the gas and dust phase abundances of Si and S in the interstellar medium using archival observations, and their probable role in the observed extinction. In this work, we also have measured the column density of S II along 9 Galactic sight lines using archival high-resolution observations from the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph and determined the abundances of S in both gas and dust phases. Using Archival spectral data towards 131 target stars in the Galaxy, interstellar Si abundances and depletion along those lines of sight has been surveyed. Oscillator strength correction has been performed to account for its improvements, using most recent values. This is an extensive survey done using a much larger data sample compared to previous investigations, but it substantiate the majority of the findings, which show that Si depletion is linked to both the average hydrogen density (n (H)) and the fraction of molecular hydrogen (f(H2)) along the lines of sight. -
Elemental Abundances in the Interstellar Medium
One method to investigate the chemical composition of the interstellar medium (ISM) and interstellar dust grains is to conduct interstellar elemental depletion studies, especially of highly abundant species. The role refractory element, silicon (Si) in extinction is not clearly understood and the distribution and evolution of moderately volatile sulfur (S) in the ISM is still an open problem. The key motivation of the work is to investigate the chemical composition of ISM of our Galaxy, and the formation, processing and distribution of interstellar dust in its different environments, mainly focusing on silicon and sulfur abundances, both in gas and dust. In the work outlined in this thesis, I will be describing the gas and dust phase abundances of Si and S in the interstellar medium using archival observations, and their probable role in the observed extinction. In this work, we also have measured the column density of S II along 9 Galactic sight lines using archival high-resolution observations from the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph and determined the abundances of S in both gas and dust phases. Using Archival spectral data towards 131 target stars in the Galaxy, interstellar Si abundances and depletion along those lines of sight has been surveyed. Oscillator strength correction has been performed to account for its improvements, using most recent values. This is an extensive survey done using a much larger data sample compared to previous investigations, but it substantiate the majority of the findings, which show that Si depletion is linked to both the average hydrogen density (n (H)) and the fraction of molecular hydrogen (f(H2)) along the lines of sight. Using this data, the distribution of Si and the variation of dust attributes with Si abundances also has been investigated and found that the linear component of the extinction curve is unrelated to depletion of silicon. -
Elementary Methods for Generating Three-Dimensional Coordinate Estimation and Image Reconstruction from Series of Two-Dimensional Images
The increase in computational power in recent years has opened a new door for image processing techniques. Three-dimensional object recognition, identification, pose estimation, and mapping are becoming popular. The need for real-world objects to be mapped into three-dimensional spatial representation is greatly increasing, especially considering the heap jump we obtained in the past decade in virtual reality and augmented reality. This paper discusses an algorithm to convert an array of captured images into estimated 3D coordinates of their external mappings. Elementary methods for generating three-dimensional models are also discussed. This framework will help the community in estimating three-dimensional coordinates of a convex-shaped object from a series of two-dimension images. The built model could be further processed for increasing the resemblance of the input object in terms of its shapes, contour, and texture. 2021 Naived George Eapen et al. -
Elementary Statistical Methods
This is the first book of two volumes covering the basics of statistical methods and analysis. Significant topics include concepts of research and data analysis, descriptive statistics, probability and distributions, correlation and regression, and statistical inference. The book includes useful examples and exercises as well as relevant case studies for proper implementation of the discussed tools. This book will be a valuable text for undergraduate students of statistics, management, economics, and psychology, wanting to gain basic understanding of statistics and the usage of its various concepts. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s). under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
Elevating industries: Cloud computing's impact on industry-integrated IoT
[No abstract available] -
Elevating medical imaging: AI-driven computer vision for brain tumor analysis
Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications in the realm of computer vision have witnessed remarkable advancements, reshaping various industries and solving complex problems. In this context, this research focuses on the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for classifying brain tumors - a crucial domain within medical imaging. Leveraging the power of CNNs, this research aimed to accurately classify brain tumor images into "No Tumor" and "Tumor" categories. The achieved test loss of 0.4554 and test accuracy of 75.89% exemplify the potential of AI-powered computer vision in healthcare. These results signify the significance of AI-driven image analysis in assisting healthcare professionals with early tumor detection and improved diagnostics, underlining the need for continuous refinement and validation to ensure its clinical effectiveness. This research adds to the expanding research and applications that harness AI and computer vision to enhance healthcare decisionmaking processes. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Elevating pyrrole derivative synthesis: a three-component revolution
Pyrrole is an essential chemical with considerable relevance as a pharmaceutical framework for many biologically necessary medications. The growing demand for biologically active compounds calls for a simple one-pot method for generating novel pyrrole derivatives. Nots surprisingly, several multicomponent reactions (MCRs) aim to synthesize pyrrole derivatives. However, this review presents the three-component synthesis of pyrrole derivatives, highlighting the significance of multicomponent reaction in synthesizing eclectic multi-functionalised pyrrole covering the selected literature on the three-component synthesis of substituted pyrrole from 2016 to late 2023. Furthermore, this article classifies the reactions based on the starting material with functional groups involved in the pyrrole ring formation. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.) The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Elicitor and precursor-induced approaches to enhance the in vitro production of L-DOPA from cell cultures of Mucuna pruriens
Elicitation and precursor feeding are two important strategies in the in vitro techniques to enhance metabolite production to meet the demand of mankind. The secondary metabolites produced by the plants are extensively used in pharmaceutical, food and agro-chemical industries. One such metabolite is 3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) produced from Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. is used since ancient times to treat Parkinson's disease. Though all parts produce L-DOPA, the seed has the highest quantity. To overcome the extensive usage of the natural sources whose growth and metabolite production is highly dependent on edaphic and ecological factors, in vitro techniques like establishing cell culture for continuous production of metabolites, precursor feeding and elicitation of cell cultures to enhance the metabolite production has been reported in the present study. Callus was developed from the in vitro leaf explant and cell suspension culture was established in the liquid Murashige and Skoog's medium fortified with 0.5 mg/L picloram. Amino acid precursors like tyrosine, phenylalanine and chemical elicitors like methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, sodium nitroprusside and silver nitrate were exposed to cell cultures for different periods (3, 6 and 9 days respectively). The precursors showed a better response in enhancing both the biomass and L-DOPA when compared to the elicitors. 500 and 1000 mg/L tyrosine showed a 1.6- and an 8.1-fold increase in biomass and L-DOPA production respectively when supplemented with MS media. However, though all the elicitors enhanced the L-DOPA production by 1.13.3-folds they did not show much significant increase in biomass. Precursor feeding approaches enhanced the metabolite considerably more than the elicitor treatment. Based on the productivity (Biomass L-DOPA conc.) precursors like Tyrosine>Phenylalanine and elicitors like Sodium nitroprusside>Silver nitrate>Methyl jasmonate>Salicylic acid showed better response. 2022 Elsevier B.V. -
Elucidating the interplay of PPAR gamma inhibition and energy demand in adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy: In Vitro and In Vivo perspective
Adriamycin is an anticancer anthracycline drug that inhibits the progression of topoisomerase II activity and causes apoptosis. The effective clinical application of the drug is very much limited by its adverse drug reactions on various tissues. Most importantly, Adriamycin causes cardiomyopathy, one of the life-threatening complications of the drug. Altered expression of PPAR? in adipocytes inhibited the glucose and fatty acids uptake by down regulating GLUT4 and CD36 expression and causes cardiotoxicity. Therefore, the influence of Adriamycinin cardiac ailments was investigated in vivo and in vitro. Adriamycin treated rats showed altered ECG profile, arrhythmic heartbeat with the elevated levels of CRP and LDH. Dysregulated lipid profiles with elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides were also observed. Possibilities of cardiac problems due to cardiomyopathy were analyzed through histopathology. Adriamycin treated rats showed no signs for atheromatous plaque formation in aorta but disorganized cardiomyocytes with myofibrillar loss and inflammation in heart tissue, indicative of cardiomyopathy. Reduced levels of antioxidant enzymes confirmed the incidence of oxidative stress. Adriamycin treatment significantly reduced glucose and insulin levels, creating energy demand due to decreased glucose and insulin levels with increased fatty acid accumulation, ultimately resulting in oxidative stress mediated cardiomyopathy. Since PPARs play a vital role in regulating oxidative stress, the effect of Adriamycin on PPAR? was analyzed by western blot. Adriamycin downregulated PPAR? in a dose-dependent manner in H9C2 cells in vitro. Overall, our study suggests that Adriamycin alters glucose and lipid metabolism via PPAR? inhibition that leads to oxidative stress and cardiomyopathy that necessitates a different therapeutic approach. 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC. -
Elusive Healthcare and Ailing Population: An Analysis of Indias Health Policy with Reference to the Health Status of Urban Poor in Bangalore
Health is a state of mental, physical and social well-being. India is in need of a healthcare system that can fulfill the demands of over a billion people who are unable to bear the burden of the cost of healthcare. The major challenges in the countrys healthcare system are the universal access to healthcare, health equity, healthcare human resources and healthcare finance. Increasing population in cities and urban poverty has raised a strong concern in the health condition of the urban poor in particular. The speedy growth of cities in the country in conjunction with the growth of the urban poor has made this position more important at this point of time. The present study basically aimed at finding the major factors influencing urban health and healthcare. This research aims in finding out the reasons for the fragmentation of Bangalores health services with unequal distribution of resources and minimum communication between various services. This study also focuses on areas of health concern like insufficient primary healthcare, lack of referral system, insufficient public participation towards healthcare promotion, co-ordination between various governmental or non-governmental departments etc. It is mainly based on secondary data. Interview guide is used as a tool to collect primary data. Content analysis is used to analyse and describe the present scenario objectively and systematically. Bangalore has a wide infrastructure of healthcare centres but still the poorer sections of the society do not have easy access to them. A significant number of government schemes have been implemented to provide better healthcare services in Bangalore. It can be said that Bangalore has got enough health resources to serve its people. However, the urban poor do not have the necessary means to access a proper healthcare due to various reasons like the shortage of staff, medicines, diagnostic services in public sector and private healthcare expenses which are unaffordable. The government has been failing to achieve its health target in the urban areas and ultimately left the same in the hands of private health sector. The funds allocated on health are not used effectively towards improved health service delivery. Healthcare budgeting, healthcare policies, disease eradication programmes and improvement plans of primary healthcare centres and dispensaries etc. are the main areas in which the government is falling short. There is a need to empower the urban poor to maintain their rights within the context of development. A policy which is more oriented towards the partnership of private and public healthcare sectors is advisable. A universalized system to provide equitable and basic care to every individual is required. Public-Private Partnership in health sector is a key for improving the health of the population. The governments act of financing towards healthcare must in fact be increased to 2-3 per cent of GDP. As such, the present study came out with a lot of suggestions to improve the health status of urban poor. It has also made an attempt to analyse the policy issues associated with healthcare. The researcher believes that this will be definitely an addition to the existing literature on healthcare systems in India. Layout of the dissertation: The dissertation is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introductory part of the research. It defines the basic concepts by giving brief summary or by providing information which are necessary to understand this research. This chapter also describes the research problems which motivates the researcher to conduct the study. Second chapter reviews the literature of healthcare problems faced by the common man. It includes reviews of various articles and books contributed towards healthcare and health policies by various health experts and practitioners. The third chapter talks about the methods used to implement the research. It explains the methodological procedures such as tools for data collection, sources of data and research design which are used to carry out the study. Data analysis is the fourth chapter and this part of the research includes the analysis of the various collected data. It includes the process of inspecting and transforming of the collected data with the goal of highlighting useful information, later helping towards suggesting conclusion of the research. The final chapter presents the summary of the research with important findings and suggestions. Key words: healthcare, health policy, health status, ailing people, urban poor, cost of treatment, public health sector, private health sector, health infrastructure. -
Elusive Justice to Dalits in the 'Land of Social Justice'
The recent inhuman incident of mixing human faeces in the overhead tank supplying water to Dalit colony in Vengaivayal village in Pudukkottai district of Tamil Nadu refl ects the perpetuating violence against the Dalits. Locating this brutal violence within the larger framework of violence against Dalits in Tamil Nadu, the lackadaisical attitude of Dravidian parties when dealing with the issues related to Dalits is brought to the fore.. 2023 Economic and Political Weekly. All rights reserved. -
EM AND THE BIG HOOM by Jerry Pinto
[No abstract available] -
Embarrassment in the Context of Negative Emotions and Its Effects on Information Processing
Negative emotions are feelings of sadness arising out of negative evaluation of oneself by self or others. Embarrassment is characterized as a negative emotion which is experienced as a threat to ones social identity. This chapter discusses the differences between embarrassment and related negative emotions, namely shame, guilt and humiliation and its effects on information processing. Around 45 articles have been reviewed in the process, which were selected based on their relation to either negative emotions in general or specifically to one or more of them. The study uses the interactional (bio-psycho-social) approach to determine the antecedents and consequences of experiencing embarrassment and how it affects information processing. It further explores gender differences in the experience of negative emotions. Given that the existing evidence reveals many contradictory findings in the experience of negative emotions, this chapter conceptualizes certain factors that might influence this experience. It also provides some reasons for variations in experience of embarrassment and related negative emotions, on the basis of gender. This chapter concludes by proposing the complexity of embarrassment as an emotion and a conceptual framework of a continuum on which the experiences of embarrassment may lie and the factors determining the placement of these experiences with their cognitive implications. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020, Corrected Publication 2020. -
Embedding behavioral biases into robo-advisory platforms-case of UAE investors
Purpose: This study aims to identify individuals' biases while making investment decisions and explore how these biases can be incorporated into a robo-advisory platform to help mitigate these biases. This paper identifies eight investment-related behavioral biases: mental accounting, gamblers fallacy, hindsight, regret aversion, disposition, trend-chasing, loss aversion and herding. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses primary data from 263 respondents across various age groups, of which approximately 50 were wealth management professionals in the UAE. A random sampling method from probability sampling is employed to gather the primary data. The identified biases serve as dependent variables; the age and income of individuals serve as the independent variables. Findings: Age and income are significantly related to mental accounting, herding, gambler fallacy and loss aversion. Existing studies on behavioral finance demonstrate that individuals who make investment decisions are susceptible to cognitive fallacies, leading to nonrational investment decisions. Practical implications: By studying these biases affecting individuals of varying ages and income levels, wealth management professionals can tailor their financial robo-advisory services to address these biases and help clients build wealth with consistent investment. Originality/value: This study uses survey-based sampling in the context of the UAE; hence, the data and analysis represent originality. 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Embracing intelligent machines: Aqualitative study to explore thetransformational trends inthe workplace
Purpose: With Industry 4.0 and the extensive rise of smart technologies, we are seeing remarkable transformations in work practices and workplaces. Scholars report the phenomenal progress of smart technologies. At the same time, we can hear the rhetoric emphasising their potential threats. This study focusses on how and where intelligent machines are leveraged in the workplace, how humans co-working with intelligent machines are affected and what they believe can be done to mitigate the risks of the increased use of intelligent machines. Design/methodology/approach: We conducted in-depth interviews with 15 respondents working in various leadership capacities associated with intelligent machines and technologies. Using NVivo, we coded and churned out the themes from the qualitative data collected. Findings: This study shows how intelligent machines are leveraged across different industries, ranging from chatbots, intelligent sensors, cognitive systems and computer vision to the replica of the entire human being. They are used end-to-end in the value chain, increasing productivity, complementing human workers skillsets and augmenting decisions made by human workers. Human workers experience a blend of positive and negative emotions whilst co-working with intelligent machines, which influences their job satisfaction level. Organisations adopt several anticipatory strategies, like transforming into a learning organisation, identifying futuristic technologies and upskilling their human workers, regularly conducting social learning events and designing accelerated career paths to embrace intelligent technologies. Originality/value: This study seeks to understand the emotional and practical implications of the use of intelligent machines by humans and how both entities can integrate and complement each other. These insights can help organisations and employees understand what future workplaces and practices will look like and how to remain relevant in this transformation. 2024, Sumathi Annamalai and Aditi Vasunandan.