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Integrating rod-shaped nickel molybdate@polypyrrole matrix for sustainable adsorptive removal of organic dye: Kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics study
Water pollution presents a significant global challenge that impacts the environment. The release of industrial effluents significantly contributes to this. Adsorption studies offer a sustainable and cost-effective solution to efficiently remove organic pollutants from water. The current study comprises a polypyrrole/nickel molybdate composite for the effective adsorption of organic dyes, such as methylene blue, from aqueous solutions. The catalyst has been comprehensively characterized using various techniques, including XRD, FE-SEM, FT-IR, HR-TEM, XPS, BET, TGA, zeta potential, and DLS analysis. Adsorption studies demonstrate up to 97% removal efficiency in 60 min. This study also evaluates the impact of various parameters, such as temperature, pH, dye concentration, and quantity of the catalyst, on the adsorption efficiency. The R2 value of 0.99 that is obtained in the kinetics study suggests the suitability of the adsorption process toward pseudo-second-order kinetics. The adsorption isotherm study reveals that the adsorption follows Freundlich's adsorption isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity of the study is found to be 17.76 mg/g. Investigations into thermodynamic study give a ?H value of ?19.21 J/mol K, indicating the exothermic behavior, and ?G of ?6.95 KJ/mol, suggesting the spontaneity of the composite during the adsorption process. These results demonstrate the potential of the developed material as an effective adsorbent for removing organic dyes from water sources. 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. -
Understanding Peer Victimisation and Related Coping Strategies Among Young Adults
Peer victimisation is a term used to describe the process of an individual being bullied by other peers, physically as well as socially, which affects the victims personality, emotional functioning, behaviour, and well-being. In response, the victims adopt several coping strategies to deal with the situation. However, the experience makes an indelible mark on those who have been victims of the process. This current study aims to understand the perspectives of young adults who have experienced peer victimisation and also explore the coping strategies used by them. The study adopts a qualitative research design, based on which data was collected from young adults (n = 10) using semi-structured interviews. After a process of screening, participants were chosen using a purposive sampling method. The data collected was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), through which various super-ordinate themes emerged. The significant themes focus on the nature of peers, experiences of peer victimisation, risk factors leading to peer victimisation, consequences of peer victimisation, coping mechanisms, and strategies to prevent peer victimisation. The findings highlight the understanding of the repercussions of peer victimisation and emphasise the need to adopt innovative strategies, implement pre-emptive interventions, and mandate decisive measures to mitigate instances of peer victimisation. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Growth and characterization of certain III-VI compound semiconducting crystals
The rapid advances in solid-state physics over the last few decades have uncovered many effects in crystals,which have formed the basis of large industries. the availability of crystals from the natural resources is inadequate to meet the need of these industries and also does not give sufficient variety. This led to a great deal of research work on the method of production of crystals artificially. -
An energy efficient approach of deep learning based soft sensor for air quality management
Monitoring environmental pollution is emerging as a recent study area especially in urban and highly polluted industrial areas. This field deploys many chemical analysis models and data driven models through soft sensors. But bio indicators are a more feasible, cost effective and precise monitoring model, which are rarely explored. This paper is based on growth monitoring of Cryptogams, a bio indicator which is capable of directly reflecting the pollution levels in the region of growth. A novel enhanced and energy efficient deformable active contour model is introduced to trace the development of transplanted Cryptogams at various sites with diverse pollution levels. The vegetative development of Cryptogams is monitored for duration of two weeks. The proposed energy efficient contour tracing model proves its superiority in precise tracing of the Cryptogam development, thus aiding in accurate pollution monitoring. The VGG 16 architecture built using deep convolutional neural network by constructing stacks of filters. VGG 16 architecture showed high performance when compared with other existing models. The accuracy is compared with the Ant colony optimization using GVF. 2022 The Authors -
Automated testbed and real-time port analysis for reconfigurable inputoutput boards
In the computational world, automation plays a vital role in every aspect. The idea of developing and testing Reconfigurable InputOutput (RIO) Boards automatically without manual interaction is a challenging task. Initially, testing was done manually which takes a lot of time and also requires human interaction. With the proposed idea one can reduce human interaction and testing time with smart automated design setup. This testing includes testing of various functionalities of the RIO boards. This can be done by testing the features of each port with its pin configuration. To be more precise, in this process an automated testbed is designed and algorithms are proposed to verify the features of each pin such as Digital Read, Digital Write, Analog Read and Analog Write of the RIO boards along with the motor pins. Thus, the proposed method makes the setup simple, without any complications by giving the instructions to perform the testing process for each board without human interaction. Results show that the proposed method can reduce time consumption 95%, human interaction by 95% and increase testing accuracy to 87%. 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Detection of picric acid in industrial effluents using multifunctional green fluorescent B/N-carbon quantum dots
Carbon quantum dots have recently gained widespread attention due to their excellent physicochemical features. The rapid escalation in the dumping of hazardous chemicals into water, spurred demand for developing efficient and selective sensors for toxic chemicals. Herein, we have developed a novel fluorescence sensor for picric acid which is a major pollutant in industrial effluents. The new strategy exploits the development of a fluorescence sensor based on N-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) followed by boron functionalization. The N-CQDs were synthesized in a rapid single-step microwave technique by employing L-serine and citric acid. Subsequent boron functionalization of N-CQDs was carried out using boric acid for the synthesis of Boron-nitrogen carbon quantum dots (B/N-CQDs). The B/N-CQDs were found to exhibit high quantum yield (24%), good water solubility, outstanding photostability features, and bright green fluorescence under UV light. The morphology of B/N-CQDs is spherical, with scattered particle sizes ranging from 2 to 8 nanometers. Furthermore, B/N-CQDs were found to be an effective fluorescence probe for the selective and sensitive detection of picric acid, with a good linear range of 37 nM-30 M and a detection limit of 1.8 nM. The Photoluminescence (PL) intensity of B/N-CQDs was selectively quenched by picric acid. The quenching mechanism was conclusively established using fluorescence lifetime decay studies. Moreover, the synthesized B/N-CQDs was successfully employed for the analysis of picric acid from industrial effluents and cell imaging with Hela cells to showcase the utility of the developed fluorescent probe. 2022 Elsevier Ltd -
Impact of Macroeconomic Uncertainty on Stock Market Return Volatility in India : Evidence from Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Analysis
Pacific Business Review International Vol. 5, Issue 4, pp. 50-62, ISSN No. 0974-438X -
N'-[(1E)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)Ethylidene]Pyridine-3-Carbohydrazide /
Acta Crystallographica Section E, Vol-E70(o115), ISSN-1600-5368 -
Development of ?-carrageenan-based transparent and absorbent biodegradable films for wound dressing applications
Wound healing remains a critical challenge in healthcare, requiring advanced wound dressings with superior properties like transparency, absorbency, and biocompatibility. However, gaps exist in the use of marine-derived biopolymers for sustainable dressings. This study addresses this gap by combining ?-carrageenan (KC) with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) to develop transparent and absorbent biodegradable films through solvent casting and lyophilization techniques. Lyophilized films exhibited superior absorbency (9.17 g/cm2) and moisture management, with a water vapour transmission rate of 3990.67 g/m2/24 h, while solvent-cast films showed 78 % transmittance, enabling wound visualization. Mechanical testing revealed high tensile strength (31.5 MPa) and folding endurance (410 folds), ensuring durability. In vitro bactericidal assays confirmed efficacy against MRSA and E. coli, and in vivo tests on Wistar rats showed complete wound healing within 16 days with 91.1 % closure, outperforming untreated controls (76.7 %). This is the first study to explore lyophilized KC-PVP films for wound dressing applications, demonstrating potential for drug release, absorbency, and biodegradability. The innovative combination of biopolymers and fabrication techniques offers a sustainable, high-performance solution for wound care. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Radiation effects on 3D rotating flow of Cu-water nanoliquid with viscous heating and prescribed heat flux using modified Buongiorno model
In this article, the three-dimensional (3D) flow and heat transport of viscous dissipating Cu-H2O nanoliquid over an elongated plate in a rotating frame of reference is studied by considering the modified Buongiorno model. The mechanisms of haphazard motion and thermo-migration of nanoparticles along with effective nanoliquid properties are comprised in the modified Buongiorno model (MBM). The Rosseland radiative heat flux and prescribed heat flux at the boundary are accounted. The governing nonlinear problem subjected to Prandtls boundary layer approximation is solved numerically. The consequence of dimensionless parameters on the velocities, temperature, and nanoparticles volume fraction profiles is analyzed via graphical representations. The temperature of the base liquid is improved significantly owing to the existence of copper nanoparticles in it. The phenomenon of rotation improves the structure of the thermal boundary layer, while, the momentum layer thickness gets reduced. The thermal layer structure gets enhanced due to the Brownian movement and thermo-migration of nanoparticles. Moreover, it is shown that temperature enhances owing to the presence of thermal radiation. In addition, it is revealed that the haphazard motion of nanoparticles decays the nanoparticle volume fraction layer thickness. Also, the skin friction coefficients found to have a similar trend for larger values of rotation parameter. Furthermore, the results of the single-phase nanoliquid model are limiting the case of this study. 2021, The Author(s). -
Corporate social responsibility assurance, board characteristics and social performance disclosure. Evidence of listed firms in India
The study examines board characteristics, corporate social responsibility (CSR) assurance and social performance disclosure of listed firms before and after mandatory CSR reporting in India. We used the Indian stock market as the testing grounds and applied panel regression and difference-in-differences to analyse 960 firm-year observations between 2010 and 2021. The first findings show that independent board directors and total board size are insignificant in CSR assurance engagement in a mandatory CSR policy period. However, CEO duality is less than likely causing CSR assurance engagement. The second findings show that CSR assurance engagement more than likely causes an increase in social performance disclosure before mandatory CSR policy implementation and increases social performance after policy implementation. The third findings show that the interactive effect of board characteristics (independent directors, total board size and CEO duality) and CSR assurance engagement causes an increase in social performance disclosure. The study sought clarity on the impact of CSR assurance and mandatory CSR reporting on information asymmetry problems to stakeholders. The study also contributes new knowledge on the influence of the interactive effect of board characteristics and CSR assurance on the social performance disclosure of listed firms in India. 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
Credit card fraud detection using ANN
Fraud on its own was and is devastating a lot of businesses, be them small or large. Particularly in the field of finance where we can see constant attacks on both individuals and enterprises alike. As such, credit cards are the most targeted as they are linked to both personal information and accounts. It is also evident to say that credit card fraud detection research is very much needed to deter and mitigate the impact of fraud on the financial field in general. It is important to identify frauds before it is too late so that the stolen credit card cannot be used for fraudulent transactions. To effectively detect these fraud transactions, we use a data consisting of fraudulent and non-fraudulent transactions to create a model that classifies these transactions with a high accuracy based on a machine learning technique. We used Artificial Neural Network with Logistic Regression to measure and in order to achieve high accuracy, we refined the parameters using the algorithms Back-propagation which has proved to have a high accuracy rate giving the model the ability to distinguish a fraudulent transaction from a normal one. BEIESP. -
Artificial intelligence for blockchain and cybersecurity powered IoT applications
The objective of this book is to showcase recent solutions and discuss the opportunities that AI, blockchain, and even their combinations can present to solve the issue of Internet of Things (IoT) security. It delves into cuttingedge technologies and methodologies, illustrating how these innovations can fortify IoT ecosystems against security threats. The discussion includes a comprehensive analysis of AI techniques such as machine learning and deep learning, which can detect and respond to security breaches in real time. The role of blockchain in ensuring data integrity, transparency, and tamper-proof transactions is also thoroughly examined. Furthermore, this book will present solutions that will help analyze complex patterns in user data and ultimately improve productivity. 2025, Mariya Ouaissa, Mariyam Ouaissa, Zakaria Boulouard, Abhishek Kumar, Vandana Sharma and Keshav Kaushik. All rights reserved. -
Examining the Relationship between Academic Expectations and Suicidal Ideation among College Students in India Using the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide
Objective: As the second most populous country in the world, India accounts for over 20% of the global suicide deaths. Notably, young adults make up 38% of those who die by suicide in India. Yet, the literature on factors associated with suicide within this age group in India is limited. The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPTS) posits thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness as constructs that heighten the risk for suicide. Testing mechanisms that may mediate the relationship between common stressors for young adults in India, such as academic expectations, and suicidal ideation are important to better understand factors contributing to suicide risk within this country. Method: Indian college students (N = 432, M age = 19.41, 73.1% male) completed questionnaires on academic expectations, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, collectivism, and suicidal ideation. Results: Current suicidal ideation was endorsed at a rate of 38%. Academic expectancy from the self, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness was significantly associated with suicidal ideation. The only significantly mediated pathway was academic expectancy from others to suicidal ideation through perceived burdensomeness. Collectivism was not a significant moderator in the model. Discussion: The sample endorsed high rates of suicidal ideation, highlighting the need for culturally appropriate interventions. Thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and academic expectations from oneself may be relevant treatment targets for reducing suicidal ideation among college students in India.HIGHLIGHTS Over one-third of Indian university students endorsed suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation related to ones own more than others academic expectations. Results offer support for the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide within this context. 2022 International Academy for Suicide Research. -
REVIEW OF CENSORING SCHEMES: CONCEPTS, DIFFERENT TYPES, MODEL DESCRIPTION, APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE
Survival analysis is one of the key techniques utilized in the domains of reliability engineering, statistics, and medical domains. It focuses on the period between the initialization of an experiment and a subsequent incident. Censoring is one of the key aspects of survival analysis, and the techniques created in this domain are designed to manage various censoring schemes with ease, ensuring accurate and insightful time-to-event data analysis. The statistical efficiency of parameter estimates is improved by accurately incorporating censoring information by making use of the available data. This paper reviews the concepts, model descriptions, and applications of conventional and hybrid censoring schemes. The introduction of new censoring schemes from conventional censoring schemes has evolved by rectifying the drawbacks of the previous schemes, which are explained in detail in this study. The evolution of hybrid censoring schemes through the combination of various conventional censoring schemes, the data structures, concepts, methodology, and existing literature works of hybrid censoring schemes are reviewed in this work. 2024, Gnedenko Forum. All rights reserved. -
Carbon Dioxide Neutralization across the Global Supply Chain
The increased impacts of climatic changes and global warming has led many organizations to adopt green initiatives in several areas of their business processes. Many multinational companies are moving towards reduction of carbon emission across its various operations. Carbon neutrality is the process where steps are taken to achieve net zero carbon dioxide emissions. This article proposes measures to achieve carbon neutrality across the supply chain globally. As part of its sustainability initiative, organizations have decided to reduce carbon consumption across their plants. This calls for estimation of carbon dioxide emissions and reducing the carbon footprint in the entire supply chain process. It also involves gauging Green House CO2 emissions during the transportation process for all TMC regions and Transportation models used by various companies. The main calculations include total CO2 emissions, CO2 Emissions per Ton. Of Goods Transported, CO2 Emissions per Transport Km. These calculations are done based on factors such as Full Truck Load, Less Truck Load, Sea mode of transportation and Air mode of transportation. An analysis is performed on the resulting calculation figures for different modes of transportation such as road, air and sea. The analysis shows that there is an increase in overall CO2e for Air mode of transportation. The least increase in overall Co2 is Sea mode of transportation. Through this analysis, it helps the company to take better decisions regarding the mode of transportation that they need to adopt to achieve carbon neutrality. The Electrochemical Society -
Assessing oral acute toxicity and histopathological effects of Strelitzia reginae Aiton leaf extracts in Zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton)
Strelitzia reginae, commonly known as the Bird of Paradise, is a decorative shrub endemic to southern Africa. This study marks the first comprehensive investigation into the safety of S. reginae leaf extract through oral acute toxicity assessments and histopathological examinations in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). The interest in this research arises from the historical use of S. reginae components by various indigenous South African societies to treat conditions like swollen glands and sexual problems. GC-MS analysis was used along with traditional methods to look at the phytochemical parts of S. reginae. The results showed the presence of several substances, such as eicosane, hexacosane, 1-octadecene, and neophytadiene. Notably, the analysis also identified certain chemicals with potential cytotoxic properties, such as octacosane and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Drawing upon the biological similarities between Zebrafish and humans, who share a majority of their genes, this study represents the first attempt to evaluate the toxicity and histopathology of S. reginae using D. rerio as the test model, aligning with the OECD recommendations outlined in Article 203. The oral acute toxicity tests were done using ethanolic leaf powdered extracts of S. reginae. Higher concentrations (1200 mg/L) were toxic, but lower doses were less harmful to D. rerio. As observed in the histopathology examination, exposure to higher concentrations of S. reginae extract induced severe histological abnormalities in the Zebrafish's gills, liver, kidneys, intestines, and brain. This work contributes greatly to our understanding of S. reginae's safety profile and its potential therapeutic applications for enhancing well-being. 2024 Horizon e-Publishing Group. All rights reserved. -
Analyzing the therapeutic significance of Strelitzia reginae Banks: Exploring its physico-chemical properties, elemental makeup, and antimicrobial activity
Plants constituting biologically active molecules with curative value have overtime showed advantage as subject of researches. Strelitzia reginae (Bird of Paradise) is a member of the Strelitziaceae family. Several South African tribes used plant parts to treat the venereal diseases and inflamed glands. The study aimed to investigate therapeutic potential of leaf and root extracts of S. reginae by assessing the physico-chemical properties, elemental analysis. Elemental analysis was carried out by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) method, quantitative phytochemical analysis was carried out using, Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The leaf and root of S. reginae were extracted using soxhlet technique of extraction and was further concentrated with a rotary evaporator. Standard protocols assessed the plants elemental compounds, physico-chemical properties, qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals, GC-MS analysis, antioxidant activity using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay, phosphomolybdate assay, ferric reducing power assay (FRAP), metal chelating assay, and antimicrobial potential by well diffusion test. The results of AAS exhibited that the leaf and root contain more calcium and less of cadmium content. Preliminary phytoconstituents showed the presence of medicinally important alkaloids, anthraquinones, tannins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, proteins, and amino acids. The quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed that the leaf has higher total phenolic, flavonoid, chlorophyll, carbohydrates, protein, and proline contents than root. GC-MS analysis verifies the existence of bioactive components like squalene, hexatriacontane, phytol, hexacosane, heptacosane, and octacosane. DPPH, phosphomolybdate assay, FRAP and metal chelating antioxidant analysis revealed excellent activity in leaf and in root sample. As various South African tribes employed plant parts to treat sexual diseases and swollen glands, the antimicrobial property was investigated for the first time using a well-diffusion approach, and both plant parts revealed significant antibacterial and antifungal efficacy against recognized strains. The current study showed S. reginaes therapeutic potential and asked for more pharmacological and biological research to boost the importance of the worlds unevaluated herbal plants. 2024, Indian journals. All rights reserved. -
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Rendering support for the empowerment of rural women to overcome life impediments
The socio-cultural and economic landscape of rural India is not totally conducive for women. Surveys and reports in this regard would suggest the continuous existence of gender-based discrimination and its negative effects on the status and livelihood of rural women. Recognizing this situation, the Centre for Social Action (CSA) has pioneered its efforts to sensitize and involve youth (especially students) in the mitigation of rural issues and has been supporting women in select villages by promoting Self Help Groups (SHGs). These SHGs, in turn, organize capacitybuilding and empowerment programmes for the women to enhance their livelihood and socio-economic well-being. The present study is designed to understand the impact of CSA's intervention on the status and livelihood of women in the select project sites. Towards this end, we collected data from a sample of 150 women beneficiaries of CSA's initiative using a structured interview schedule. The study used a mixedmethod design. The study's outcome indicates a positive correlation between women's participation in CSA initiatives and their status and livelihood improvements. The results are encouraging that they would help one formulate effective models similar to this one for the empowerment of women. 2024 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.