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A facile one-step microwave synthesis of Pt deposited on N & P co-doped graphene intercalated carbon black - An efficient cathode electrocatalyst for PEM fuel cell
A facile, single step microwave assisted polyol route for simultaneously depositing platinum as well as co-doping graphene oxide, is herein proposed. However, low durability and full cell performance of Pt/NPG (platinum deposited on nitrogen phosphorous co-doped graphene) was observed due to restacking of graphene layers. This issue was addressed by intercalating CB into the graphene layers as spacers during the synthesis (in-situ addition of spacers - Pt/(NPG + S)). Moreover, to study the influence of spacers, external addition of spacers (ex-situ - Pt/(NPG) + S) were also examined. Results from our study indicate that in-situ addition of spacers- Pt/(NPG + S) enhanced the full cell performance (405 mW cm?2) and exhibited <40% ECSA loss (37.47%), thereby attaining DoE target. Thus, emerging as a durable cathode electrocatalyst (Pt/(NPG + S)) for PEM fuel cells. 2022 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC -
Melamine derived N-doped Carbon nanotubes: A durable catalyst support for Pt nanoparticles in proton exchange membrane fuel cell
A cost-effective thermal pyrolysis route was adopted to synthesize N-doped carbon nanotube (NCNT) in a single step with the aid of melamine (carbon and nitrogen source) and cobalt catalyzed growth for the formation of N-doped carbon nanotubes. The NCNT was acid treated (fNCNT) to remove the metallic Co from the CNT which was elucidated using X-ray diffraction. Even though these noble metal-free materials are explored as Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst, for it to be employed in actual fuel cell the cathode requires noble metals such as Platinum (Pt) nanoparticles to improve its sluggish kinetics. Thus, this study is mainly focused on employing fNCNT as catalyst support in PEMFC, wherein the electrocatalyst was synthesized using microwave-assisted polyol method to decorate Pt nanoparticles on fNCNT, demonstrating its excellent durability of 32% electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) loss when subjected to standard protocols, and full cell performance of hybrid ((Pt/fNCNT) + CB) 412 mW cm?2 (better than commercial Pt/C) when deployed as electrocatalyst for ORR in Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell, thus our findings open new avenues to explore, design and develop N-doped carbon nanotubes as durable catalyst for fuel cells. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.) The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024. -
Similarity analysis of court judgements using association rule mining on case citation data-a case study
Information Retrieval System (IRS) is an automated mechanism of retrieving required information from a collection of unstructured or semi-structured data. IRS reduces the efforts of identifying the required information from an enormous database. Legal domain is one of the major producers of complex information which consist of semi-structured and unstructured data. Knowledge based legal information systems are revolutionizing all processes involved in this domain and hence need for more effective legal knowledge management approaches are increasing. This paper proposes association rule mining as knowledge extraction technique that can be used effectively for analyzing relatedness of documents in legal domain. Through this work, authors present their efforts in analyzing similarity in legal documents from the citations done in court judgement by applying Association rule mining. International Research Publication House. -
A Citation Recommendation System Using Deep Reinforcement Learning
Recommender systems have seen tremendous growth in the last few years due to the emergence of web services like YouTube, Netflix, and Amazon, etc. An excessive amount of data is being utilized to give proper recommendations to the users. The number of research articles getting published every day is increasing exponentially and thus an efficient model is required to provide accurate and relevant recommendations to the research scholars. The proposed Deep Reinforcement Recommender for Citations (DRRC) model uses reinforcement learning to train the available citation network to achieve the most relevant recommendations. The proposed DRRC model outperforms the state-of-the-art models. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Similarity Analysis for Citation Recommendation System using Binary Encoded Data
Citations are a crucial part of an academic dissertation, project or scientific work. The most time-consuming task for any scholar is to find suitable citations for any work. Thus, a convenient citation recommendation system provides completeness and fulfillment for citing the giants' works. Moreover, attaining high quality for any citation recommendation system is challenging as it should not only recommend relevant papers but also should match the context of the paper. An advanced algorithm SABED (Similarity Analysis using Binary Encoded Data) has been proposed that converts text metadata of the article like author name, doi of the paper, keywords, abstract and content of the paper into the binary format and is fired into the database. The binary formatted query fired fetches the accurate matches thereby increasing the accuracy of search probability and similarity analysis. This similarity analysis can be further used to provide recommendations to the users. The proposed system concentrates on the similarity of the content and hence the context of the papers is not taken into consideration. 2020 IEEE. -
Document Classification for Recommender Systems Using Graph Convolutional Networks
Graph based recommender systems have time and time again proven their efficacy in the recommendation of scientific articles. But it is not without its challenges, one of the major ones being that these models consider the network for recommending while the class and domain of the article go unnoticed. The networks that embed the metadata and the network have highly scalable issues. Hence the identification of an architecture that is scalable and which operates directly on the graph structure is crucial to its amelioration. This study analyses the accuracy and efficiency of the Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) on Cora Dataset in classifying the articles based on the citations and class of the article. It aims to show that GCN based networks provide a remarkable accuracy in classifying the articles. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Content Based Scientific Article Recommendation System Using Deep Learning Technique
The emergence of the era of big data has increased the ease with which scientific users can access academic articles with better efficiency and accuracy from a pool of papers available. With the exponential increase in the number of research papers that are getting published every year, it has made scholars face the problem of information overload where they find it difficult to conduct comprehensive literature surveys. An article recommendation system helps in overcoming this issue by providing users with personalized recommendations based on their interests and choices. The common approaches used for recommendation are Content-Based Filtering (CBF) and Collaborative Filtering (CF). Even though there is much advancement in the field of article recommendation systems, a content-based approach using a deep learning technology is still in its inception. In this work, a C-SAR model using Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and association rule mining Apriori algorithm to provide a recommendation of articles based on the similarity in the content were proposed. The combination of a deep learning technique along with a classical algorithm in data mining is expected to provide better results than the state-of-art model in suggesting similar papers. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Content Based Deep Factorization Framework for Scientific Article Recommender System
With the advancement in technology and the tremendous number of citations available in the digital libraries, it has become difficult for the research scholars to find a relevant set of reference papers. The accelerating rate of scientific publications results in the problem of information overload because of which the scholars spend their 70% of the time finding relevant papers. A citation recommendation system resolves the issue of spending a good amount of time and other resources for collecting a set of papers by providing the user with personalised recommendations of the articles. Existing state of art models do not take high-low order feature interactions into consideration, due to which the recommendations are not up to the desired level of performance. In this paper, we propose a content-based model which combines Deep Neural Network (DNN) and Factorization Machines (FM) where no pre-trainings are required for providing the citation recommendations. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Distributed denial-of-service detection and mitigation using software-defined network and internet of things
Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the promising technologies that are developing quickly in various fields such as automation, safety and health. It is a heterogeneous network that links various physical devices. It consists of a variety of vulnerabilities due to its heterogeneous nature. It makes a different level of security issues. Distributed Denial-of-service (DDoS) attack denies services to an authentic user and makes the resources of network inaccessible. DDoS attack is a significant problem for IoT. It is easy to carry out this attack on an IoT network. Main aim of the proposed methodology is to use Software-defined Network (SDN). The primary structure of proposed system is to integrate SDN and IoT technology. This combination is to provide a more secure infrastructure compare to traditional system. The secondary structure of proposed system is used to detect and mitigate the DDoS attacks. The proposed methodology is to check associativity of MAC IP address, source IP address and destination IP address. It was able to detect and mitigate the attack in short span of time. The results are compared on different parameters. That parameters are packet delay time, flow entries and average packet received per second by the controller. This hybrid method is to provide higher security and improve the Quality of Service (QoS). 2019, Institute of Advanced Scientific Research, Inc.. All rights reserved. -
OUTWARD FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FROM INDIA IN THE SERVICE SECTOR WITH REFERENCE TO IT INDUSTRY
Growing international integration through trade and investment is the emerging scenario of the 21st century. International Investment flows, particularly Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), have become a rising manifestation of this growing global linkage between nations. Outward Foreign Direct Investments (OFDI) from India in the service sector is emerging as a significant aspect of Indias international economic integration. Firms from India are incorporating outward foreign direct investment as part of their corporate strategy to compete globally and to acquire key assets. Outward investments is being adopted as part of their global strategy to emerge as leaders in their respective domain.As the significance of outward investment rises, it is important to understand the motivation and strengths behind such flows. With rising significance of services sector, more studies to explain the nature and factors behind outward FDI assumes importance. Therefore a focus on growth of OFDI from service sector like knowledge??intensive information-technology (IT) sector has become very relevant. IT firms from India have created a global presence and brand image. It is therefore important to consider various factors which give competitive advantage to the firms. The present study is divided into six chapters. The first chapter provides an overview and introduces the research issue. The second chapter comprises of a review of literature in the area. Research Methodology is outlined in the third chapter. The fourth chapter consists of an analysis of the trends in Indian outward foreign direct investment. The fifth chapter provides the analysis and interpretation of factors influencing foreign investments by firms. The sixth chapter gives the summary and conclusions of the study. Results of the study indicate that Indias outward foreign direct investment is showing a rising trend and that there are significant changes in the pattern of these outflows. The outflows by service sector firms have increased and there is also rising investment to developed countries. The changing trend is a reflection of the global aspirations of Indian firms and their willingness to compete in the world market. The study shows that India firms, though small in comparison to multinationals from developed world, do have competitive advantage. They have leveraged these advantages and acquired strategic assets to enhance their competitive position. The firms are gaining from experience and building tacit knowledge. These skills are applied to creating a network to supplement and augment their competitive advantage. In this endeavor, macro factors are also playing a significant role. Technological and information revolution has given firms an opportunity to strengthen their competitive advantage. In this endeavor, firms in developing country like India have benefited from a vast pool of educated, skilled and technically qualified human resource. They have been facilitated by a liberalized government policy and the domestic economic climate, which has given them opportunities for entrepreneurship. Rising outward FDI is a manifestation of these changes. As Indian firms seek to strengthen their competitive positions and augment their assets, the outflow of investment to nations that have intellectual assets will increase. At the same time the traditional motive of undertaking investments to seek larger markets is still important. Though India is still a fledgling in the spectrum of outward investments, Indian firms are fast rising up to the challenge of competitive global atmosphere with aggressive strategies. Indian economy is emerging as one of the largest economies in the world. With the second largest population in the world, India has to utilize every opportunity to build sustainable growth with greater international economic linkages with rest of the world. -
An empirical analysis of the antecedents and barriers to adopting robo-advisors for investment management among Indian investors
This study aims to provide a research framework to understand the antecedents and barriers to adopting Robo-advisors for investment decision-making in India. The study employed a research model based on the extended UTAUT 2, along with three additional constructs, i.e. personal innovativeness (PI), perceived risk (PR), and technological anxiety (TA). Data collected were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) with the help of SmartPLS 4.0 software. This research will help banks, wealth management service providers, FinTech companies, and Robo-advisor developers improve their platforms, offers, products, and marketing tactics for these automated advisory services. 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
A Scoping Review on the Factors Affecting the Adoption of Robo-advisors for Financial Decision-Making
Robo-advisors have recently gained popularity as an algorithm-based method of simplifying financial management. The present study explores the factors that lead many potential consumers to use Robo-advisors in financial decisions. Adopting a scoping review approach formulated by Arksey and O'Malley, the study examines the factors affecting the acceptance and usage of financial Robo-advisors in different parts of the world. The results suggest that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, trust in technology, financial knowledge, investing experience, cost-effectiveness, facilitating conditions, and intrinsic motivation are positively related to adopting Robo-advisors. On the contrary, anxiety, risk perception, investor age, data security, and behavioral biases negatively influence the investor attitude toward Robo-advisors. This creates a barrier to the diffusion of financial Robo-advisors among the investors. The study concludes by providing recommendations to service providers, policymakers, and marketers for the speedy distribution and acceptance of algorithms for the public's financial decision-making. The study identifies gaps in the existing literature and suggests areas for future research for aspiring academics. 2024 University of Pardubice. All rights reserved. -
Algorithms for better decision-making: a qualitative study exploring the landscape of robo-advisors in India
Purpose: This paper explores the current state of Robo-advisory services in India. This paper further highlights the problems experienced by the service providers in disseminating the innovative business model among the Indians. Design/methodology/approach: The study adopts a qualitative approach to investigate the industry experts by conducting semi-structured interviews. The data collected were transcripted and further analyzed using the content analysis technique. Finally, the authors utilized categorization and coding techniques to frame broad study themes. Findings: The study findings reveal that the three pillars of Robo-advisory are ease and convenience, the time factor and transparency in operations. Robo-advisory services are still at a nascent stage in India. Furthermore, keeping the sentiments of Indians in mind, FinTech companies could combine automated Robo-advisory with a human touch of a wealth manager for optimal advisory services. Research limitations/implications: Since the present study is qualitative, the authors cannot generalize the study results. Future research can focus on empirically proving the constructs of the study using quantitative methods. Practical implications: Robo-advisors have a well-established market in developed nations but are still nascent in developing countries like India. The current focus of service providers and regulatory authorities must be to increase awareness among investors by educating the investors and building trust. Originality/value: The present study is the first to qualitatively synthesize the challenges faced by the FinTech service providers in the Indian market. 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
A novel route for isomerization of ?-pinene oxide at room temperature under irradiation of light-emitting diodes
Present investigation demonstrates the potential use of HY-zeolite for photochemical applications in the selective isomerization of ?-pinene oxide to carveol. In this study, ultraviolet lamp and LED (390 nm) light sources were employed under atmospheric conditions. The results revealed that light penetration through protonated zeolite cavity promotes the hydrogen radical formation, facilitating the isomerization reaction in the presence of dimethylacetamide solvent to achieve up to 60% and 40% conversion of ?-pinene oxide to selective carveol (71%) under light irradiation. Here, using in situ spectroscopic studies (EPR and fluorescence), to confirm the hydrogen radical generation after light irradiation on the reaction mixture. Besides, the mechanistic pathway is proposed based on the experimental evidence of the formation of radicals, which is validated by the Density Functional Theory (DFT). By comparing electrical energy consumption for the same reaction using different reaction setups, it is understood that the energy requirement is nearly the same in the case of a reaction performed using a thermal reactor. The power consumption in reactions conducted using thermal, UV lamp and LED-based reactors was 1.6 kW/h, 1.5 kW/h, and 0.00144 kW/h, respectively. It is clear that the energy consumption in thermal and UV lamp-based reactors is higher than that of LED-based reactors, which was 1111 and 1041 times more than LED reactors respectively. Notably, the catalyst was found to be recyclable at least five consecutive runs, and the successful protocol was demonstrated up to 50 g scale. 2023 Elsevier Ltd -
Trespassers detection system for agriculture fields using artificial intelligence & methods thereof /
Patent Number: 202041047576, Applicant: Dr. Sunanda Dixit.
System alarms on detection of Trespassers in agriculture fields .The system will receive data of trespassers with the help of camera, weight sensors & RFID Tags of employees of filed, the data upon processing will alert the alarm on detection of trespassers if any. -
Soft grafting of DNA over hexagonal copper sulfide for low-power memristor switching
Green electronics, where functional organic/bio-materials that are biocompatible and easily disposable are implemented in electronic devices, have gained profound interest. DNA is the best biomolecule in existence that shows data storage capacity, in virtue of the sequential arrangement of AT and GC base pairs, analogous to the coding of binary numbers in computers. In the present work, a robust, uniform and repeatable room-temperature resistive switching in a Cu/Cu2S/DNA/Au heterojunction is demonstrated. The DNA nanostructures were anchored on the densely packed hexagonal Cu2S structures by simple electrochemical deposition. This heterostructure presents outstanding memristor behavior; the device exhibits resistive switching at a very low threshold voltage of 0.2 V and has a relatively high ON/OFF ratio of more than 102 with a good cycling stability of ?1000 cycles and a negligible amount of variation. The justification for such a switching mechanism is also given on the basis of the energy-band diagram of the Cu2S-DNA interface. Based on the studies herein, the resistive switching is attributed to the reversible doping of DNA by Cu+ ions, leading to intrinsic trap states. Further, the switching is modeled with the help of different transport mechanisms, like Schottky-barrier emission, Poole-Frenkel emission and Fowler-Nordheim tunneling. 2023 The Author(s). -
In Vitro Production of Saponins
Plants have been utilized as food, feed, and fodder since the dawn of civilization. Plants are also thought to be a rich source of bioactive compounds with a variety of pharmacological actions. Saponins are one such group of molecules which are present in various plant species. As triterpenoid glycosides, they have a 30C oxidosqualene precursor aglycone moiety (sapogenin), which is then linked with glycosyl residues to form saponin. These saponins have a unique platform in the field of pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. Saponins are used for the treatment of various diseases which include cancer, diabetic, cardiac, hepatic, and nervous disorders. The production of saponins through conventional approaches is time-consuming and hard to extract pure compounds, and thus to achieve this, in vitro methods have been developed and enhanced the production and extraction of the metabolites. The present chapter focuses on the in vitro production of saponins through various tissue culture techniques such as shoot, callus, cell suspension, adventitious root, hairy root culture, and applications of bioreactors at commercial level. The chapter also focuses on biosynthetic pathway, extraction methods, and biological activities of saponins. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
Pain track analysis during gestation using machine learning techniques
During the gestation period women experience Braxton Hicks which is called the false labor, contractions during the second trimester. These contractions are not in regular intervals and also they are often unnoticed. The real labour or the true labour contractions develop late in the third trimester of the gestation usually beyond 36th week (excluding pre-term birth). Some women often fail to identify these pains in the third trimester of the gestation where an efficient facial recognition algorithm along with the support vector machine (SVM) helps them to identify these pains and take optimum care of themselves. The authors in this paper convey a mechanism to identify the pains effectively by creating a database of images pertaining to the pregnant women, her emotional states throughout the pregnancy. Using MATLAB the algorithm of decision tree is implemented and the values obtained from them help us analyze the pain type efficiently. 2021 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
Intelligence-Software Cost Estimation Model for Optimizing Project Management
With the evolution of pervasive and ubiquitous application, the rise of web-based application as well as its components is quite rising as such applications are used both for development and analysis of the web component by developers. The estimation of software cost is controlled by multiple factors right from human-driven to process driven. Most importantly, some of the factors are never even can be guessed. At present, there are no records of literature to offer a robust cost estimation model to address this problem. Therefore, the proposed system introduces an intellectual model of software cost model that is mainly targets to perform optimization of entire cost estimation modeling by incorporating predictive approach. Powered by deep learning approach, the outcome of the proposed model is found to be cost effective in comparison to existing cost estimation modeling. 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Insights on research techniques towards cost estimation in software design
Software cost estimation is of the most challenging task in project management in order to ensuring smoother development operation and target achievement. There has been evolution of various standards tools and techniques for cost estimation practiced in the industry at present times. However, it was never investigated about the overall picturization of effectiveness of such techniques till date. This paper initiates its contribution by presenting taxonomies of conventional cost-estimation techniques and then investigates the research trends towards frequently addressed problems in it. The paper also reviews the existing techniques in well-structured manner in order to highlight the problems addressed, techniques used, advantages associated and limitation explored from literatures. Finally, we also brief the explored open research issues as an added contribution to this manuscript. 2017 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.