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Genetic and cytogenetic screening of autistic spectrum disorder: Genotype-phenotype profiles
Autism, a pervasive developmental disorder typically characterized by repetitive behaviour, social skills deficit (or a deficit in social communication), speech and language impairments. Our prime focus is to analyze the clinical features and phenotypical behavioural changes using the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition, text revision (DSM IV-TR), and locating the biomarkers associated with specific autistic characters using karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques. The prevalence rate of the neurexin 1 (NRXN1) gene polymorphism was also assessed in the current study. The study group involved 196 samples with 98 autistics, and equal age-matched (2) controls based on their birth order and carrier. The participants include 35.2% males (n = 69) and 14.8% females (n = 29). The autistic and control participants were categorized based on their ages as group I (<12 yrs) with n = 62; males n = 41 (20.9%); females n = 21 (10.7%) and group II (?12 yrs)-n = 36; males n = 28 (14.2%); females n = 08 (4.08%). Karyotyping was done for autism participants (n = 98) and the results showed that 90% of autistic participants were either the only child or the first child with a low perception and frequency in both the groups. Subsequently, we carried out the FISH assay on participants (n = 37) with higher DSM-IV TR score (?30). Only 30 FISH tests were negative for subtelomeric deletions with NRXN1 polymorphism genotypic frequency as 62.50%, 25% and 25% for A/A, A/G and G/G genotype respectively. Our study suggests the link between a haplotype with clinical signs of autism for the single nucleotide sequence (SNP rs9636391) and links autistic characters and gene among autistic children according to their birth order, age and gender in India. 2021 Elsevier B.V. -
Genetic Algorithms for Wireless Network Security
[No abstract available] -
Genetic Algorithms for Graph Theoretic Problems
[No abstract available] -
Genetic Algorithm-Based Optimization ofUNet forBreast Cancer Classification: A Lightweight andEfficient Approach forIoT Devices
IoT devices are widely used in medical domain for detection of high blood sugar and life threatening disease such as cancer. Breast cancer is one of the most challenging type of cancer which not only affects women but in some cases men also. Deep learning is one of the widely used technology which provides efficient classification of cancerous lumps but it is not useful for IoT devices as the devices lack resources such as storage and computation. For the suitability in IoT devices, in this work, we are compressing UNet, the popular semantic segmentation technique, for the pixel-wise classification of breast cancer. For compressing the deep learning model, we use genetic algorithm which removes the unwanted layers and hidden units in the existing UNet model. We have evaluated the proposed model and compared with the existing model(s) and found that the proposed compression technique suppresses the storage requirement to 77.1%. Additionally, it also improves the inference time by 3.82without compromising the accuracy. We conclude that the primary reason of inference time improvement is the requirement of less number of weight and bias by the proposed model. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Generative AI-human collaboration in higher education: Applications, challenges, and strategies
The advent of GenAI has brought about substantial progress and prospects in diverse sectors, including education. We are witnessing significant progress in this field of artificial intelligence, with the emergence of chatbots such as ChatGPT and the proliferation of remarkably realistic AI-generated graphics. Generative AI, as an emerging technology, has the potential to bring significant and transformative improvements to education. Generative AI encourages higher education institutions to embrace and utilize the potential of these technologies to enhance several aspects such as student experience, faculty workload, intellectual property, etc. This chapter has explored the application of generative AI in the context of higher education, in light of its increasing prevalence. Although generative artificial intelligence offers a great deal of promise to improve education, the technology is not entirely devoid of difficulties. The chapter also discusses challenges and strategies related to generative AI in higher education. 2024 by IGI Global. -
Generative AI and its impact on creative thinking abilities in higher education institutions
Generative AI technologies such as ChatGPT have started gaining increased popularity among higher education institutions. Students, as well as teaching professionals, can utilize these tools for various academic purposes due to the immense benefits they provide by way of customization of data generated and ease of access to data. However, this chapter seeks to analyze how such tools may impact students' creative thinking ability. It also analyses the drawbacks faced by teachers after implementation of such tools. The methodology adopted for the study was two surveys: one administered to gather students' opinions and the other for understanding teachers' perspectives. The analysis of the data collected shows that the over-reliance of students on such generative AI tools might hinder students' ability to think creatively to some extent. The chapter also suggests some of the strategies that can be adopted by teachers to ensure students' capabilities are assessed accurately. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Generation of Dynamic Table Using Magic Square to Enhance the Security for the ASCII CODE Using RSA
The efficiency of any cryptosystem not only depends on the speed of the encryption and decryption processes but also on its ability to produce different ciphertexts for the same plaintext. RSA, the public key cryptosystem, is the most famous and widely accepted cryptosystem, but it has some security vulnerabilities because it produces the same ciphertext for identical plaintexts occurring in several places. To enhance the security of RSA, magic square-based encoding models have been proposed in the literature. Although magic square-based encoding models have been proposed, they are static. Thus, this paper introduces a dynamic-based magic square with RSA, where encryption and decryption are performed using numbers generated from the magic square instead of ASCII values. Unlike the static magic square, the proposed dynamic magic square allows users to specify the starting and ending numbers in any position rather than fixed positions. In the proposed dynamic magic square generation, different 4 4 magic square templates are created, and 16 16 magic squares are generated from them. Experimental results clearly demonstrate the improved security of RSA. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
Generation a: Life perspectives, potentials, challenges and future of neurodiverse stars in India
In India, one in 500 people (Balaji, 2019) are diagnosed with ASD. Around 40 non-governmental organizations cater to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) children; out of that, a few organizations focus on adults providing them vocational training to make them employable. One such exercise was initiated by SAP Labs India, a leading software company, and Enable India, an Indian NGO where they developed a focused training program for people with ASD and placed them in vital technical jobs in SAP Labs India (Karwa, 2016). First, we peek into the lifestyles of a few successful neurodiverse rock stars in India and their journey from becoming aware of their profile to establishing a career and becoming a role model to other people with ASD. Second, we present the autism landscape in India. Third, we explore the organizations that have hired people with ASD, their policies connected to neurodiversity, and the organizations that give training and support. Fourth, we present the potentials and the challenges people with ASD face. Fifth and final, we cover the role of different stakeholders to foster support and up-skill people with ASD for better community development. 2022 by Emerald Publishing Limited. All rights reserved. -
Generalized viscoelastic flow with thermal radiations and chemical reactions
Background: A generalized model of mathematical nature is considered to address the viscoelastic flow problem using fractional derivatives. Control/freedom of the flow mechanism is achieved with these derivatives. In simulations of industrial interest, more variations are available with fractional derivatives when compared with ordinary derivatives. Relaxation times are incorporated to handle the abrupt changes in the flow domain. Fluid flow is carried out under the influence of thermal radiations and when a heat source or sink is present. Chemical reactions of the first order are observed in the mathematical modeling of the flow. Methods: Flow is induced with the movement of the lower surface while applying force on the x-plane. Simulations of the governing mathematical problem are computed with the combination of finite element and finite difference algorithms. Significant Findings: It is noted that velocity, temperature, and concentration change with the variation of fractional order derivatives which was not possible with the classical derivatives. Moreover, with greater relaxation times, velocity, temperature, and concentration remained at a lower level. The modeled mechanism can be considered to avoid costly trials in chemical and polymer casting industries. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
Generalized Vertex Induced Connected Subsets of a Graph
Vol.2 (May), 61-68 -
Generalized Ricci solitons on Riemannian manifolds admitting concurrent-recurrent vector field
Let (M,g) be a Riemannian manifold admitting a concurrent-recurrent vector field ?. We prove that if the metric g is a generalized Ricci soliton such that the potential field V is a conformal vector field, then M is Einstein. Next we show that if the metric of M is a gradient generalized Ricci soliton, then either of these three occurs: (i) ?? is invariant along gradient of potential function; (ii) M is Einstein; (iii) the potential vector field is pointwise collinear to concurrent-recurrent vector field ?. Finally, we investigate gradient generalized Ricci soliton on a Riemannian manifold (M,g) admitting a unit parallel vector field, and in this case we show that if g is a non-steady gradient generalized Ricci soliton, then the Ricci tensor satisfies Ric=-??{g-?????}, where ?? is the canonical 1-form associated to ?. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Forum DAnalystes. -
Generalized Ricci soliton and paracontact geometry
In the present paper, we study generalized Ricci soliton in the framework of paracontact metric manifolds. First, we prove that if the metric of a paracontact metric manifold M with Q?= ?Q is a generalized Ricci soliton (g,X) and if X? 0 is pointwise collinear to ?, then M is K-paracontact and ?-Einstein. Next, we consider closed generalized Ricci soliton on K-paracontact manifold and prove that it is Einstein provided ?(?+ 2 n?) ? 1. Next, we study K-paracontact metric as gradient generalized almost Ricci soliton and in this case we prove that (i) the scalar curvature r is constant and is equal to - 2 n(2 n+ 1) ; (ii) the squared norm of Ricci operator is constant and is equal to 4 n2(2 n+ 1) , provided ??? - 1. 2021, Instituto de Matemica e Estattica da Universidade de S Paulo. -
Generalized p-Transmuted Neutrosophic Distributions: Theory and its Applications
The study of neutrosophy offers a fresh approach for handling uncertain data with adaptability. This article explores the application of neutrosophic probability distribution in constructing a transmuted neutrosophic framework. Specifically, it introduces a generalized transmuted neutrosophic distribution. Building upon this generalization, quadratic and cubic transmuted distributions are developed and examined alongside certain lifetime distributions serving as foundational neutrosophic models. Additionally, an empirical investigation is conducted to assess the practicality and versatility of these distributions in real-world contexts. 2024, American Scientific Publishing Group (ASPG). All rights reserved. -
Generalisation of the rainbow neighbourhood number and k-jump colouring of a graph
In this paper, the notions of rainbow neighbourhood and rainbow neigh-bourhood number of a graph are generalised and further to these general-isations, the notion of a proper k-jump colouring of a graph is also intro-duced. The generalisations follow from the understanding that a closed k-neighbourhood of a vertex v ? V (G) denoted, Nk [v] is the set, Nk [v] = {u: d(v, u) ? k, k ? N and k ? diam(G)}. If the closed k-neighbourhood Nk [v] contains at least one of each colour of the chromatic colour set, we say that v yields a k-rainbow neighbourhood. 2020, Eszterhazy Karoly College. All rights reserved. -
Gendered Informality: An Assessment of Operational Attributes and Entrepreneurial Performance of Female-Owned Enterprises in Jharkhand
The present study utilises the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO)s 73rd round unincorporated non-agricultural enterprise data to analyse diverse operational and economic attributes of female-owned enterprises and their influence on enterprise performance with regard to enterprises gross value added (GVA) in the state of Jharkhand. The study additionally endeavours to ascertain the correlation amidst the operational attributes and the type of enterprise owned (established or own account) in the state. From a methodological standpoint, the current inquiry incorporates exploratory and regression analysis to give a comprehensive understanding of female entrepreneurship in Jharkhand and its gender differentials. The study findings indicate that specific attributes such as enterprise registration, account maintenance, enterprise locating outside the household premises, expanding and perennial status have a positive association with the GVA of the female-owned enterprise. It further highlights that female entrepreneurs, especially from marginalised backgrounds, view entrepreneurship as a necessity rather than a choice. There exists a notable gender disparity, with majority of enterprises owned by females predominantly operating within residential premises. Moreover, female involvement in a well-established enterprise is substantially lower compared to male workers, thus indicating an inverse correlation between the nature of the enterprise and its employment framework. 2024 Institute of Rural Management, Anand, Gujarat, India. -
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Gender-based spatial segregation: ladies compartments in the Mumbai local trains
The local trains of Mumbai are one of the most crowded means of public transport, but often preferred by many women due to the provision of exclusive ladies compartments reserved for women. While these compartments provide women a space safe from sexual assault, conflicts due to class and religious differences arise among the women who occupy this in-between space. Moreover, the continuous use of ladies compartments leads to the labelling of general compartment as gents, affects the interactions between men and women in different railway spaces, and also configures the public as already segregated according to a binary understanding of gender. Based on the findings from an ethnographic study of womens experiences of using the ladies compartments, I argue that the provision of segregation gives rise to specific mobility practices in the ladies compartments. The logic of segregation spills over to other railway spaces, and these can complicate our understanding of mobility as empowering for women travellers. 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Gender-Based microaggressions, impostor phenomenon, and turnover intention among women IT Employees
Microaggressions are everyday verbal, behavioural, or environmental slights that signal hostility towards marginalised groups. Such microaggressions when extended towards women in a workplace can lead to a lasting impact on the health and well-being of the women employees. The professional growth and development also would be hampered, deterring women from climbing ladders of professional success. The present study aims to understand the impact of gender-based microaggressions on women and questions whether such microaggressions can be linked to impostor phenomenon and turnover intention in them. Primary data was collected from 129 women IT employees employed in Bangalore's informational technology sector in four different job positions. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and Kruskal-Wallis Test were used for data analysis. The results show that there are significant and positive relationships between gender-based microaggressions and impostor phenomenon and turnover intention among women IT employees. 2024, IGI Global. -
Gender of the Firm Owner and Export Determinants of the Firms in India: an Empirical Analysis
This study aims to analyse the factors that influence the export decision of firms in India. These factors are unorthodox to the macroeconomic variables, for example, specific firm characteristics and resource stock variables that an enterprise in India may or may not have command over. The most significant of the firm characteristic variables is the gender of the firm owner. Given the binary identity of the explained variable (Export Status of a Firm), the paper uses Binary Logistic Regression. It reports the odds ratio for the individual variable interpretation. The study has also examined descriptive findings and model fit using the Hosmer. The study ceases a statistically significant relationship between the gender of the firm owner and the export decision of a firm. The odds of the firm being an exporter increases when the firm owner is a female. Further, the study also interprets several firm characteristics and resource stock variables that had an impact on the export decision of a firm in India. 2024 AESSRA. All rights reserved.