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Oxidation reactions of carbaryl in aqueous solutions
Hydroxyl radical induced oxidation of carbaryl has been studied using steady state photolysis followed by high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS), pulse radiolysis, and theoretical (DFT) calculations. The reaction of ?OH with carbaryl resulted in a number of hydroxylated adduct radicals (?max - 330 nm and 390 nm; k2 - 1.2 1010 dm3 mol-1 s-1). The DFT calculations and results obtained from LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis shows the possible addition of ?OH at C1 (energetically most stable) and C7 positions of carbaryl leading to the generation of resonance stabilized hydroxycyclohexadienyl-type radicals as the immediate intermediates, which eventually converted into naphthol and a hydroxylated naphthols. LC-Q-TOF-MS results also revealed the formation of other hydroxylated derivatives and naphthoquinones that are most likely originated from the consecutive ?OH attack on the initially formed products. Naphthoquinones are found to undergo ring opening and the corresponding products are identified. The reaction of SO4?- with carbaryl, on the other hand, results the radical cation of parent molecule (?max - 320 nm and 390 nm) which exhibits reasonable stability in the pulse radiolysis timescale. Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis after H2O2/UV photolysis revealed that nearly 70% of the organic content is mineralized after 35 min of irradiation, which demonstrates the potential application of oxidative methods towards the degradation of carbaryl. 2021 Elsevier B.V. -
A new numerical investigation of fractional order susceptible-infected-recovered epidemic model of childhood disease
The susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) epidemic model of childhood disease is analyzed in the present framework with the help of q-homotopy analysis transform method (q-HATM). The considered model consists the system of three differential equations having fractional derivative, and the non-linear system exemplifies the evolution of childhood disease in a population and its influence on the community with susceptible, infected and recovered compartment. The projected method is a mixture of q-homotopy analysis method and Laplace transform. Two distinct explanatory cases are considered, and corresponding simulations have been demonstrated in terms of plots for different value of the order. The present investigation elucidates that the projected both derivative and technique play a vital role in the analysis and illustrate the behaviour of diverse mathematical models described with differential equations in human disease. 2021 THE AUTHORS -
Desymmetrisation of meso-2,4-Dimethyl-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]-oct-6-ene-3-ol and its Application in Natural Product Syntheses
The compounds containing chiral centers and different functional groups serve as magnificent building blocks for the preparation of various natural products that are having immense biological activity. Dimethyl-8-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-ol is one of the wonderful synthons to construct multiple stereo centers at a time during the asymmetric synthesis. In this account, we discuss our research efforts toward the synthesis of various simple and complex natural products from the past three decades (19952020) by using dimethyl-8-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-ol as a synthon. Moreover, the synthetic utility of this starting material was investigated and well demonstrated. Further, we executed the desymmetrization of dimethyl-8-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-ol by hydroboration to get different chiral centers. After obtaining the stereocenters, we could manage either the fragment, formal or total synthesis of natural products, by simple protection and deprotection sequence followed by C?C bond formation steps. 2021 The Chemical Society of Japan & Wiley-VCH GmbH -
Strategically fabricated Ag loaded Fe-g-C3N4 nanosheet for photocatalytic removal of aqueous organic pollutant
The efficiency of the photocatalyst towards the degradation of organic pollutants depends on the harvesting of the visible light and inhibiting the recombination rate of electron-hole pairs to create a large number of charge carriers to drive the redox reaction. Most charge carriers recombine in 2D photocatalyst like g-C3N4 through the bulk process within the stacked layered structure. The recombination through bulk can be suppressed through nanosheet formation, while surface recombination can be inhibited via fast interfacial photogenerated charge transfer. In the present work, Ag-loaded Fe-doped g-C3N4 nanosheet (Ag/Fe-g-C3N4 NS) photocatalyst was synthesized by combining three effective strategies i.e., Fe doping, nanostructuring, and Ag loading. Various analytical techniques have been employed to characterize all the prepared samples. The results indicate that Fe doping influences visible light absorption by modifying the electronic and optical properties. In contrast, nanosheet formation leads to a significant increment in the number of active sites due to the increased surface area. Ag anchoring over Fe-g-C3N4 NS favors charge separation at the interface of Fe-g-C3N4 and Ag due to the presence of the Schottky barrier. Integration of all the three strategies in Ag/Fe-g-C3N4 NS creates a synergistic effect to add beneficial properties and displays a 5-fold improvement in photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants, as compared to pure g-C3N4. The present study provides a novel and facile approach for realizing an efficient photocatalyst for environmental remediation. 2022 Elsevier B.V. -
Geraniol and Citral as potential therapeutic agents targeting the HSP90 activity: An in silico and experimental approach
Lemongrass essential oil has antifungal and anti-cancerous properties. Heat-shock protein (HSP90), an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone found in eukaryotes, is involved in protein folding, stability, and disease, making it a promising research topic. Both in silico and in vitro approaches were used to provide a clear insight into the HSP90-ATPase 3D structures, activity, and their interaction with the essential oil constituents among various species such as fungi (S. cerevisiae), parasites (P. falciparum), and humans. For in silico studies, sequence alignment, docking (AutoDock), and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties were evaluated to obtain hit compounds specifically against each HSP90-ATPase. The hit compounds obtained were evaluated for their efficacy in the in vitro studies of S. cerevisiae. In vitro studies were carried out targeting HSP90-ATPases via lemongrass essential oil components individually and in combination as a function of concentration and various salt concentrations. Results suggest that sequence alignment exists of over 75% among these three species. The best docking score was possessed by Geraniol and its constituent (geldanamycin ? ?4.93 kcal/mol) (a known antifungal and antitumor against HSP90) in all the above species. Lemongrass oil and the combination of Geraniol and Citral at concentrations of 80 ?g/mL showed the maximum inhibition of ATPase and HSP90-ATPase activity compared to their individual treatment. Therefore, both in silico and in vitro studies provide clear evidence of specific inhibitory action of lemongrass oil, Geraniol, and Citral against the ATPase and HSP90ATPase activities and might show potential as antifungal and antitumor drugs. 2021 -
Challenges to state control of territory: Comparative analysis of Yemen, Afghanistan and Myanmar
States around the world have lost control over their territory to armed non-state actors, including states like Yemen, Afghanistan and Myanmar in the Asian region. This article aims to understand why these states are unable to exercise control over all of their territory. The study identifies and examines four major challenges faced by states in maintaining control over their territory lack of state legitimacy and effectiveness, strategic motives of armed non-state actors, socio-economic motives of armed non-state actors and external intervention. A comparative analysis of the cases of Yemen, Afghanistan and Myanmar illustrates the wide relevance of these challenges faced by the states with respect to territorial control. The Author(s) 2021. -
Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Aluminium Alloys for Vehicle Structures
Welding process in vehicle structures has gained importance, especially for better strength and mechanical properties. Hence, there is vast research going on in the domain of newer welding techniques. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is one of them. FSW is used in this research to join two different grades of aluminium alloys by varying the process parameters. The process parameters are optimized based on the Design of Experiments (DoE) and the Taguchi techniques. From the experimental findings for different process parameters, the optimized set of conditions involving the normal, transverse forces and the torque are determined. Further, the process methodology is validated. 2022, MechAero Found. for Techn. Res. and Educ. Excellence. All rights reserved. -
Corrosion behavior of AlCuFeMn alloy in aqueous sodium chloride solution
Medium Entropy Alloy AlCuFeMn possesses high room temperature strength and oxidation endurance. In present work, the aqueous corrosion resistance of the as-cast as well as low temperature oxidized AlCuFeMn alloy in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, is explored. Equimolar proportions of high purity copper, manganese, iron, and aluminum were arc melted and cast in a copper mold. The alloy primarily consists of a face-centered cubic and a body-centered cubic phase. Potentiodynamic polarization tests on the alloy after low temperature surface oxidation reveal an aqueous corrosion resistance comparable to AISI 304 steel and CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies confirmed that the free surface in the as-cast alloy is in partially oxidized state. The same completely oxidizes after low-temperature surface oxidation. Such low temperature surface oxidation improves pitting corrosion resistance in AlCuFeMn alloy due to increased metal/oxide layer resistance. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests coupled with microscopy confirmed that the principal corrosion mechanisms in the alloy are of the uniform and pitting type. The energy dispersive spectroscopy experiments indicate that a copper oxide enriched layer is formed on the surface oxidized specimen during corrosion. 2021 Elsevier B.V. -
THE VICIOUS LOOP OF BODY SHAMING AND SELF-PROJECTION: AN EXPLORATIVE STUDY OF INDIAN YOUNG PEOPLE AGED 20-30 YEARS OLD
Background: Body shaming leads to much insecurity that is often overlooked. Its impact results in many ways, either in the form of some mental disorder, non-acceptance of oneself, low self-esteem, decreased life satisfaction, etc. The Media adds to it by portraying perceived perfectionism in terms of appearance which at times acts as a trigger to people already suffering or going through these. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore the psychological effects of body shaming on young people, and to analyze the role and impact of media in the portrayal of body image issues. Design/Methodology/Approach: A Semi-structured interview of 20 participants was carried forward (10 males & 10 females belonging). All Participants belonged to the age bracket of 20-30 years. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was conducted thereafter. Findings: All the participants mentioned that body shaming has affected their well-being and self-esteem and it led them to body shame others as well. It was also found that media has been marketing body image issues in many ways which created both positive and negative impacts. The following themes were generated based on analysis: age-appropriate body, rituals to fit in, marketing by accepting, after effects, the vicious loop, confusion to/and acceptance. Conclusion: The psychological impact of body shaming is often overlooked and that creates more damage. Similarly, the marketing of body image issues is so popular that often it is used in the form of humour. All of these experiences create a deep impact on people and lead them to the vicious loop of body shaming. 2022, RJ4All Publications. All rights reserved. -
Role of digital technologies to combat COVID-19 pandemic
Purpose: The unexpected epidemic of the latest coronavirus in 2019, known as COVID-19 by the Globe, a number of governments worldwide have been put in a vulnerable situation by the World Health Organization. The effect of the COVID-19 outbreak, previously experienced by Chinas citizens alone, has now become more pronounced. For practically every nation in the world, this is a matter of grave concern. The lack of assets to withstand the infection of COVID-19, mixed with the perception of overwhelmed medical mechanisms, pressured a number of places in a state of partial or absolute lockdown. Design/methodology/approach: The medical photos such as computed tomography (CT) and X-ray playa key role in the worldwide battle against COVID-19, while artificial intelligence (AI) has recently appeared. The power of imaging is further increased by technology tools and support for medical specialists. In comparison to the related direct health effects because of the COVID-19 disaster, this research identifies its impacts on the overall society. Findings: This paper hereby examines the rapid answers in the medical imaging community toward COVID-19 (empowered by AI). For example, the acquisition of AI-empowered images will significantly assist automate the scanning process and reshape the procedure as well. AI, too, may improve the quality of the job by correctly delineating X-ray and CT image infections, promoting subsequent infections, quantification. In addition, computer-aided platforms support radiologists make medical choices, i.e. for illness tracking, diagnosis and prognosis. Originality/value: This research encompasses the whole medical imaging pipeline and methods for research related to COVID-19, include a collection of images, segmentation, diagnosis and monitoring. In drawing stuff to minimize the effects of the COVID-19 epidemic, this paper is investigating the use of technologies such as the internet of things, unmanned aerial vehicles, blockchain, AI, big data and 5G. 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Heat transport in the flow of magnetized nanofluid over a stretchable surface with heat sources: A mathematical model with realistic conditions
Analyzing the heat transport of nanofluids is of prime importance to various industrial and engineering sectors which involves modeling the physical phenomena via highly nonlinear partial differential equations. In this study, the flow and heat transport of a nanoliquid on a bi-directionally elongating surface subject to two different heat modulations (linear temperature-related heat source and space-related exponential heat source) is investigated using the two-component Buongiorno nanoliquid model. The dynamics of the nanoliquid are altered by an external magnetic field applied perpendicular to the sheet. The impact of Brownian motion, Lorentz forces, and thermophoresis are analyzed under the realistic passive control of the nanoparticles. A comparative analysis of the flow over the linear and nonlinear drawn surface is presented. Numeric solutions for the governing partial differential system are obtained through the finite difference method (FDM). Among two types of heat source modulations, the maximum heat transport is observed in the presence of the exponential space-based heat source modulation. The flow and thermal fields are found to advance in the linear elongated surface flow than the nonlinear elongated flow. Furthermore, the random movement of the nanoparticles and the greater magnitude of the Lorentz force have a positive effect on the thermal enhancement in the nanoliquid system. The results of the study have applications in heating/cooling processes, nanoliquid-dependent structures, and thermal systems with stretchable materials. 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH -
Toxicological Profiling of Onion-Peel-Derived Mesoporous Carbon Nanospheres Using In Vivo Drosophila melanogaster Model
Toxicological profiling of the novel carbon materials has become imperative, owing to their wide applicability and potential health risks on exposure. In the current study, the toxicity of mesoporous carbon nanospheres synthesized from waste onion peel was investigated using the genetic animal model Drosophila melanogaster. The survival assays at different doses of carbon nanoparticles suggested their non-toxic effect for exposure for 25 days. Developmental and behavioral defects were not observed. The biochemical and metabolic parameters, such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein level, triglyceride level, and glucose, were not significantly altered. The neurological toxicity as analyzed using acetylcholinesterase activity was also not altered significantly. Survival, behavior, and biochemical assays suggested that oral feeding of mesoporous carbon nanoparticles for 25 days did not elicit any significant toxicity effect in Drosophila melanogaster. Thus, mesoporous carbon nanoparticles synthesized from waste onion peel can be used as beneficial drug carriers in different disease models. 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. -
Convective heat and mass transports and chaos in two-component systems: comparison of results of physically realistic boundary conditions with those of artificial ones
Linear and weakly nonlinear stability analyses of double-diffusive convection in two-component liquids with either potassium chloride (KCl) or sodium chloride (NaCl) aqueous solution, and heat being present is investigated in the paper for free, and rigid, isothermal, iso-solutal boundaries. Using the thermophysical values of the aqueous solutions, we have shown that the stationary convection is the preferred mode at onset and that sub-critical motion is possible. We found that the critical thermal Rayleigh number for water+NaCl+heat is higher compared to that of water+KCl+heat. The study shows that for water+KCl+heat, the transition from convective motion to chaotic motion occurs at rH= 27.2 for free boundaries and at 48.5 for rigid boundaries. Here, rH denotes the Hopf thermal Rayleigh number. Further, the existence of windows of mildly chaotic points and fully periodic intervals are reported using Lyapunov exponents and bifurcation diagrams. Chaotic motions in both the aqueous solutions are nearly identical. The percentage increase in heat transport in the double-diffusive system involving NaCl is nearly 1% more than that of KCl in the case of free boundaries, whereas in the case of realistic boundaries it is nearly 1.6%. The comparison of the Nusselt and the Sherwood numbers between water+KCl and water+NaCl leads us to the conclusion that the aqueous solution with lower Lewis number transports maximum heat in the case of free boundaries and opposite is seen in the case of rigid boundaries due to the boundary effect. The many qualitative similarities between the results of artificial and realistic boundaries are highlighted. 2021, Akadiai Kiad Budapest, Hungary. -
REGARDING NEW NUMERICAL RESULTS for the DYNAMICAL MODEL of ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS with FRACTIONAL DERIVATIVE
The main purpose of the present investigation is to find the solution of fractional coupled equations describing the romantic relationships using q-homotopy analysis transform method (q-HATM). The considered scheme is a unification of q-homotopy analysis technique with Laplace transform (LT). More preciously, we scrutinized the behavior of the obtained solution for the considered model with fractional-order, in order to elucidate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Further, for the different fractional-order and parameters offered by the considered method, the physical natures have been apprehended. The obtained consequences evidence that the proposed method is very effective and highly methodical to study and examine the nature and its corresponding consequences of the system of fractional order differential equations describing the real word problems. 2022 The Author(s). -
Spectral Properties of the Soft X-Ray Transient MAXI J0637-430 Using AstroSat
Soft X-ray transients are systems that are detected when they go into an outburst, wherein their X-ray luminosity increases by several orders of magnitude. These outbursts are markers of the poorly understood change in the spectral state of these systems from the low/hard state to the high/soft state. We report the spectral properties of one such soft X-ray transient: MAXI J0637-430, with data from the SXT and LAXPC instruments on board the AstroSat mission. The source was observed for a total of ?60 ks in two observations on 2019 November 8 and 21 soon after its discovery. Flux-resolved spectral analysis of the source indicates the presence of a multicolor blackbody component arising from the accretion disk and a thermal Comptonization component. The stable low temperature (?0.55 keV) of the blackbody component points to a cool accretion disk with an inner disk radius of the order of a few hundred kilometers. In addition, we report the presence of a relativistically broadened Gaussian line at 6.4 keV. The disk-dominated flux and photon power-law index of ?2 and a constant inner disk radius indicate the source to be in the soft state. From the study we conclude that MAXI J0637-430 is a strong candidate for a black hole X-ray binary. 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. -
The Hubble tension: Change in dark energy or a case for modified gravity?
Recently, much controversy has been raised about the cosmological conundrum involving the discrepancy in the value of the Hubble constant as implied by Planck satellite observations of the CMBR in the early Universe and that deduced from other distance indicators (for instance using standard candles like supernovae, tip of the red giant branch, etc.) in the present epoch. The Planck estimate is about 67km-1Mpc-1, while that deduced from distance indicators at the present epoch is around 73-74km-1Mpc-1. Also the independent determination of the local value of the Hubble constant based on a calibration of the tip of the red giant branch and applied to Type Ia supernovae found a value of 69.8km-1Mpc-1. Here we propose a modification of the gravitational field on large scales as an alternate explanation for this discrepancy in the value of the Hubble constant as implied in the above-mentioned method, i.e., by Planck observations of the CMBR in the early Universe, and that deduced from other distance indicators in the present epoch. 2021, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science. -
Quality of work life, emotional and physical well-being of police personnel in India
The job profile of police officers places exceptional demands on them leading to risks to life, personal discomfort and stress. This article aims to examine how the physical and emotional well-being of police personnel is affected by their perceived quality of work life (QWL). The study looked at the questionnaire responses of 234 police personnel. Emotional well-being is measured as the absence of depression, emotional hyperactivity, difficulty relaxing, irritability and anxiety, whereas physical well-being is measured as the presence of diabetes, thyroid problems, insomnia and obesity. The study assessed police perceptions of QWL as provided by the government. The study findings are segregated for QWL on the basis of dominant ill-being and dominant well-being. Factors such as career and development, working environment, safety, work load, compensation and fear of punishment should be carefully analysed and improved. Some 71.8% of the respondents suffered from two or more emotional ailments; 70% suffered from two or more physical ailments. Findings suggest that QWL dimensions that fall within dominant ill-being need to be addressed immediately by policy makers and management to improve police well-being. The Author(s) 2021. -
A Pilot Feasibility Study of Reconnecting to Internal Sensations and Experiences (RISE), a Mindfulness-Informed Intervention to Reduce Interoceptive Dysfunction and Suicidal Ideation, among University Students in India
Although 20% of the worlds suicides occur in India, suicide prevention efforts in India are lagging (Vijayakumar et al., 2021). Identification of risk factors for suicide in India, as well as the development of accessible interventions to treat these risk factors, could help reduce suicide in India. Interoceptive dysfunctionor an inability to recognize internal sensations in the body has emerged as a robust correlate of suicidality among studies conducted in the United States. Additionally, a mindfulness-informed intervention designed to reduce interoceptive dysfunction, and thereby suicidality, has yielded promising initial effects in pilot testing (Smith et al., 2021). The current studies sought to replicate these findings in an Indian context. Study 1 (n = 276) found that specific aspects of interoceptive dysfunction were related to current, past, and future likelihood of suicidal ideation. Study 2 (n = 40) was a small, uncontrolled pre-post online pilot of the intervention, Reconnecting to Internal Sensations and Experiences (RISE). The intervention was rated as highly acceptable and demonstrated good retention. Additionally, the intervention was associated with improvements in certain aspects of interoceptive dysfunction and reductions in suicidal ideation and eating pathology. These preliminary results suggest further testing of the intervention among Indian samples is warranted. 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. -
Experimental Investigation and Numerical Simulation of Air Circulation in a Non-AC Bus Coach System
Air circulation plays a vital role in the comfort of passengers in a bus, being a non-AC bus without any aid from the air conditioning system. The circulation of air is utterly dependent on the design of the bus and the natural flow of air. However, optimize the flow of air inside the bus, a study on the design of the bus is needed. In this regard, experimental work was carried out to achieve uniform airflow by redesigning the coach into an aerodynamic shape. The openings are provided at the leading edge of the bus to evaluate the best possibility for air to circulate in the bus. Three openings were provided at the leading edge of the bus, the first and second openings were mere openings, and the third opening was fitted with a roof vent providing three different geometric patterns to airflow. The initial boundary conditions were developed by considering that all windows and doors of the bus are closed. The scaling ratio of 1:20 was considered for modeling the bus. The experiments were conducted in the wind tunnel test rig. It was observed from the experimentation that the velocity of the air was considered to be the most influential parameter for the optimal air circulation. The velocities of 21.96 m/s and 22.68 m/s were obtained inside bus. The obtained experimental velocities were validated with results obtained by the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). It was observed that a deviation of 5% for the given velocity of 20 m/s. 2022 Materials and Energy Research Center. All rights reserved. -
Aggression Behaviour and Physical Fitness of National Handball Girls Players
Aggression is one of the significant types of feeling and emotion, which is exceptionally fundamental for sports execution. It is ordinarily propelled conduct at any rate for that specific purpose of time in the genuine play, which drives a player brimming with his energies towards his point. 150 School National Handball female players aged 14-17 years who were concentrated in higher optional schools of Andhra Pradesh Rural and Urban were haphazardly chosen as subjects. An aggression scale is used to contemplate the degree of aggression in any age gathering (over 14 years). The scale comprises 55 articulations. It is a Likert type 5-guide scale toward locating the aggressive conduct among Handball players. The premise of the discoveries is that the shooters have phenomenal aggression conduct than the all-rounders and defenders and shooters have more physical fitness than the all-rounders and defenders. In the examination, the Shooter would have a more aggressive inclination and physical fitness when contrasted with all-rounders and defenders. It is very different on the grounds that the Shooter alone for example independently will confront the adversary gathering of players because of body contact and the battle for greatness will lead the shooter to more aggressive than others. 2022 by authors, all rights reserved.