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Introduction, scope and significance of fermentation technology
Fermentation technology is a field which involves the use of microorganisms and enzymes for production of compounds that have applications in the energy, material, pharmaceutical, chemical and food industries. Though fermentation processes have been used for generations as a requirement for sustainable production of materials and energy, today it has become more demanding for continuous creations and advancement of novel fermentation processes. Efforts are directed both towards the advancement of cell factories and enzymes, as well as the designing of new processes, concepts, and technologies. The global market of microbial fermentation technology was valued at approximately USD 1,573.15 million in 2017 and which is expected to generate revenue of around USD 2,244.20 million by end of 2023. However, regular supply of materials, such as nutrients, microorganisms, the complex nature of production process, and high manufacturing cost hinder the market growth. 2019 Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved. -
Introduction: Sexuality and sexualities
Introduction The most significant recent development, a break with the past, in the study of sexual cultures has to do with the term culture itself: that we think of sexuality (and sexualities) as having cultures. Historically, both in academic and popular thinking, the term sexuality most frequently elicited responses that have to do with biology. That is, whether as an area of study or as a set of ideas people have about their intimate lives, sexuality was too easily detached from the social contexts where it belongs and presented as something of itself. There is a strong tendency to view our sexual lives as dictated by their own peculiar rules that (a) are biologically derived, (b) have been historically stable (that is, the same since the dawn of time), (c) are essentially about our private lives, and (d) are basically the same across different cultures. Ironically, while, on the one hand, we think of sexuality as a world-untoitself - such that it is regarded as a very narrowly confined domain that has nothing to do with, say, politics and economics, we also simultaneously think of it as something of very general significance that is absolutely fundamental to our being. We tend to both downplay its meanings as well as inflate its significance. So, for example, if one is a bad cook, its a minor blemish, but being bad at sex is seen as a major crisis which requires intervention (through seeking the help of sexologists, for example). The sexuality-as-a-drive perspective which was, most famously, both problematized but also institutionalized by Sigmund Freud presents itself in the Indian context in peculiarly Indian ways. It was, for example, at the heart of many of the arguments that were made - and continue to be made - about the difference between Hindus and Muslims, those between tribal and ?ontribal populations, and between the middle-class and poorer populations. So, with respect to the last point, the rise of sexology and the family planning movements are directly linked to the early-twentieth-century perception of the different sexual drives that supposedly characterized the educated and the uneducated (Ahluwalia 2013; Srivastava 2007). Sexology was intended to cater to the more evolved sexual desires of the middle classes, whereas family planning was directed towards controlling the uncontrollable drives of the poor, one that threatened nation-building. Indian Institute of Advanced Studies, Shimla 2020. -
Introduction: Tourism at a crossroads
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Introduction. Inclusive business approaches in tourism: Stakeholder engagement
[No abstract available] -
Invariant Submanifolds of (?)-Sasakian Manifolds
In this paper, we consider invariant submanifolds of an (?)-Sasakian manifolds. We show that if the second fundamental form of an invariant submanifold of a (?)-Sasakian manifold is recurrent then the submanifold is totally geodesic. We also prove that, invariant submanifolds of an Einstein (?)-Sasakian manifolds satisfying the conditions (Formula presented) (X, Y) ? = 0 and (Formula presented)(X, Y) (Formula presented)? = 0 with ?r ? n(n 1) are also totally geodesic. 2020. All Rights Reserved. -
Inventory model for deteriorating items with ramp type demand under permissible delay in payment
Permissible delay in payment is a common method of payment often used by the suppliers and it generally leads to higher sales and ultimately higher revenue. This method is significant in the case of deteriorating products. In this paper, an inventory model for the deteriorating items with price and time-dependent ramp type demand is presented with shortages allowed and partially backlogged. The solution procedure is illustrated by numerical examples. The concavity of the profit function with respect to the decision variable is discussed analytically. Numerical analysis shows that the profit per unit time increases with the delay payment facility. Copyright 2021 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Inventory model for the growing items with price dependent demand, mortality and deterioration
Growing items like livestock, chicks, etc. gain weight in the growing phase but some of them are lost due to mortality. In the selling phase, some inventory is lost due to deterioration. Such aspects make procurement decisions quite difficult for these items. In the light of such aspects, we developed an inventory model for the growing items with price dependent demand, mortality and deterioration. Shortages are partially backlogged. Our aim is to optimise the total cost by determining the optimal ordered quantity and total cycle length. Convexity of the cost function with respect to the decision variables has been discussed analytically. Solution procedure along with numerical example at different percentage of backlogged quantity is provided to show the applicability and validity of our model. Sensitivity analysis shows that total cycle length is the most sensitive among all the decision variables and parameters. Copyright 2023 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
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Inverse domination number of graphs /
Konigsberg (55.2 o North latitude and 22 o East longitude) was a city in Russia situated on the Pregel River,which served as the residence of the dukes of Prussia in the 16th century. Today,the city named Kaliningrad,is in Lithuania which recently separated from U.S.S.R.It serves as a major industrial and commercial centre of western Russia.The river Pregel flowed through the town,dividing it into four regions,as in the following picture.In the eighteenth century, seven bridges connected the four regions.The problem was to start from anyone of the land areas,walk across each bridge exactly once and return to the starting point.This problem was first solved in 1736 by the prolific Swiss Mathematician Leonhard Euler, who, as a consequence of his solution invented the branch of Mathematics now known as Graph Theory. -
Inverse Hilbert Fractal-Metamaterial Rings for Microstrip Antennas and Wideband Applications
A Novel Metamaterial (MTM) property is obtained using a fractal pattern known as Inverse Hilbert. The Mu-negative(MNG) characteristics have been recovered by adopting NRW method. This MTM characteristic is studied for 2.45 GHz using FR4 epoxy as substrate. The dimension of the substrate is 30mm36mm 1.6mm. This fractal metamaterial structure can be amalgamated with an optimized Microstrip antenna (MSA) for improvement in antenna parameters and can be used for RF energy harvesting. 2022 IEEE. -
Inverse Problem for the Forgotten and the Hyper Zagreb Indices of Trees
Let G = (E(G); V (G)) be a (molecular) graph with vertex set V (G) and edge set E(G). The forgotten Zagreb index and the hyper Zagreb index of G are defined by F(G) = P u2V (G) d(u)3 and HM(G) = P uv2E(G)(d(u) + d(v))2 where d(u) and d(v) are the degrees of the vertices u and v in G, respectively. A recent problem called the inverse problem deals with the numerical realizations of topological indices. We see that there exist trees for all even positive integers with F(G) > 88 and with HM(G) > 158. Along with the result, we show that there exist no trees with F(G) lt; 90 and HM(G) lt; 160 with some exceptional even positive integers and hence characterize the forgotten Zagreb index and the hyper Zagreb index for trees. 2022 The authors. -
Investigate the distinctive link between a balanced scorecard and organizational performance in ITand non-IT sectors
Purpose: The purpose of this research is to examine how the implementation of a balanced scorecard (BSC) affects business outcomes in both information technology (IT) and non-IT sectors. Design/methodology/approach: Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the hypothesis. A random sample was used to collect 170 responses from the IT companies and 166 from non-IT companies by using the questionnaire method. The questionnaire was distributed to the top- and middle-level managers in Bangalore city, and we used SmartPLS software to explore the relationship between our research constructs. Findings: The results of this study indicate that a BSC has a significant and positive impact on organizational performance in IT and non-IT sectors. The main distinction in this study is that all BSC perspectives [learning and growth perspective, internal business process (IBP) perspective, customer perspective (CP) and financial perspective (FP)] have a significant, direct and indirect impact on IT companies. On the other hand, solely three BSC perspectives (IBP perspective, CP and FP) have a significant impact on non-IT companies, while learning and growth perspective has an insignificant impact on the FP. Originality/value: This study provides a critical theoretical and practical contribution of a BSC on business performance in IT and non-IT industries. 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Investigating and analyzing the causality amid tourism, environment, economy, energy consumption, and carbon emissions using TodaYamamoto approach for Himachal Pradesh, India
Himachal Pradesh is a preferred tourist destination with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 10.76% between 201112 and 202021. The increasing trend of CAGR has boosted the tourism economy in the state while impacting the local environment. The negative impacts have recently increased due to changes in climatic patterns and increased tourism influx during the post-pandemic period. In this context, the present study analyzed the impact of tourism on the environment, economy, and energy consumption using the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. The novelty of this study is to the existing literature on sustainable tourism development through investigating the interrelationship between tourism, environment, economy, energy consumption, and carbon emissions by employing the TodaYamamoto (TY) technique. This study will be a pioneering scientific investigation with quantitative results in the western Himalayan states of India, encompassing Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand, and Himachal Pradesh. The annual data for each variable, such as per capita carbon emission (CEP), per capita Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP), per capita GSDP square, per capita energy consumption (ECP), and per capita tourism receipts (TRP), was collected from 2010 to 2021. This study exhibited an inverted-U EKC in the state, signifying the initial stage of economic development and extensive exploitation of natural resources for tourism. The TY results indicated an inter-causal relationship and feedback association among the variables in the study area. Thus, increased TRP would lead to an upsurge in energy consumption affecting the environmental quality due to increased carbon emissions. Such environmental degradation in the state would negatively impact the tourism sector in the long run. The research findings would guide planners and policymakers in promoting sustainable tourism. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. -
Investigating Factors in Quality of Work-life in Indian Garment Industry at Bangalore
The Indian manufacturing sector has a long way to go in enhancing work-life standards for employees. Low standards of work-life hamper the productivity of an organization. Most employees of garment manufacturing units in Bengaluru are from outer rural areas. They come in search of employment in garment units. Though there are labour acts and labour laws, most of the manufacturing units provide poor job environments for employees. This leads to fluctuations in the performance of employees and would have detrimental effects on their health and performance, resulting in attrition. Quality of work life is the solution. This paper aims at unravelling factors leading to recognition of work-life standards so those garment units can work in that dimension to solve their productivity issues and also improve the happiness of their employees. A descriptive approach was made to attain objectives with survey-based data collection. The collected data were subjected to exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study found welfare and safety lead to a quality of work-life in garment units. More cross-sectoral studies are suggested to understand the blend of factors defining the quality of work life and arrive at a generalized model nation-wide. This generalization in the long term should be a key decision-making point for safety and welfare policy development in the world. 2022 The authors. -
Investigating Key Contributors to Hospital Appointment No-Shows Using Explainable AI
The healthcare sector has suffered from wastage of resources and poor service delivery due to the significant impact of appointment no-shows. To address this issue, this paper uses explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to identify major predictors of no-show behaviours among patients. Six machine learning models were developed and evaluated on this task using Area Under the Precision-Recall Curve (AUC-PR) and F1-score as metrics. Our experiment demonstrates that Support Vector Classifier and Multilayer Perceptron perform the best, with both scoring the same AUC-PR of 0.56, but different F1-scores of 0.91 and 0.92, respectively. We analysed the interpretability of the models using Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanation (LIME) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). The outcome of the analyses demonstrates that predictors such as the patients' history of missed appointments, the waiting time from scheduling time to the appointments, patients' age, and existing medical conditions such as diabetes and hypertension are essential flags for no-show behaviours. Following the insights gained from the analyses, this paper recommends interventions for addressing the issue of medical appointment no-shows. 2024 IEEE. -
Investigating MnSe@Y2O3 nanocomposite as an electrode for asymmetric hybrid supercapacitor
In this research work, manganese selenide (MnSe) and yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles have been synthesized by facile melt diffusion and hydrothermal technique which are then composited by ultrasonication. The composite MnSe@Y2O3 has been analyzed as a supercapacitor electrode. The growth structure of the composite was scrutinized systematically by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and selected area diffraction pattern (SAED). The Trasatti and Dunn's plots have been also plotted to calculate the capacitive and diffusive contribution. The device is fabricated with PVA-KOH gel electrolyte. Also, the fabricated device MnSe@Y2O3||AC has exhibited a specific capacity of 48.39 C/g at 1 A/g through the potential window of 01.7 V. The wide potential window is evidence for high energy density. This also provides elevated energy density of 19 Wh/kg, at high power density of 1445 W/kg, and has shown brilliant cyclic stability of 70.16 % even after 5000 charge/discharge cycles. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Investigating Personalized Learning Paths to Address Educational Disparities Using Advanced Artificial Intelligence Systems
This innovative study reimagines the role of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in individualized education by highlighting the critical need to incorporate cultural subtleties. While natural language processing (NLP) offers great potential for improving classroom instruction, current research frequently fails to account for the complex issues caused by cultural variation. This research fills a significant need by providing a novel framework for the detection and incorporation of cultural subtleties into individualized learning programs. Further research into common biases is driving the development of natural language processing models with greater cultural sensitivity and awareness, such as gender bias in Named Entity Recognition (NER) and sentiment bias in cultural preferences. In order to correct past biases and promote gender neutrality in educational content, the research makes use of an adaptive NER algorithm and a diverse training dataset. Similarly, to guarantee nuanced and fair sentiment evaluations, the study suggests regularly evaluating and retraining sentiment algorithms with datasets that represent multiple cultures. A Cultural Relevance Score of 0.9, Adaptive Content Embedding vectors [0.3, 0.6, -0.2.], and an impressive Cosine Similarity of 0.85 are some of the evaluation measures that highlight the effectiveness of the research. These measurements show encouraging gains, which confirms that the research might help make schools more welcoming and sensitive to different cultures. The research has the potential to revolutionize individualized education by making it more accessible and engagingfor students from all backgrounds. 2024 IEEE. -
Investigating Salt-Finger Convection Under Time-Dependent Gravity Modulation in Micropolar Liquids
This paper investigates how gravity modulation affects salt-finger convection in a micropolar liquid layer confined between two parallel, infinitely long plates separated by a thin gap. The system is heated and has solute added from above. The study uses linear stability analysis to examine when and how salt-finger convection, driven by the salt-finger process, begins. To analyze this, the partial differential equations governing the system are solved numerically using normal mode analysis. The Venezian approach is applied to find the critical Rayleigh number and the solutal Rayleigh number, which are key to understanding the onset of convection. Also, the paper explores how different micropolar fluid parameterssuch as the coupling parameter, micropolar heat conduction parameter, couple stress parameter, and inertia parameteraffect the system when gravity modulation is present. It is found that gravity modulation can either stabilize or destabilize convection, depending on its frequency. At very high frequencies (approaching infinity), the effect of gravity modulation becomes minimal, having little impact on the convection process. The paper also examines the relationship between the critical Rayleigh number and the solutal Rayleigh number, which are related to heat and solute concentration, respectively. 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC. -
Investigating stock market efficiency in India
International Journal of Computer Application & Management, Vol. 3, Issue 3,pp.45-48 ISSN No. 2231-109 -
Investigating structure and spectral energy distribution of galaxies using UVIT and multi-wavelength archival data
Observational astronomy and studies of galaxy formation and evolution made dramatic advances in the past few years. This thesis deals with the multi-wavelength investigation of the different aspects of galaxy formation and evolution. The work focuses on the star formation properties of late-type spiral galaxy NGC 2336, and the properties of unresolved galaxies and of resolved early-type galaxies using spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting method. The first part of this thesis deals with the studies on the characteristics of in orbit performance of the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) on-board AstroSat . AstroSat is the first Indian multi-wavelength mission and was launched on 28 September 2015 into a low Earth orbit. The UVIT instrument on AstroSat provides a unique opportunity to study the ultraviolet (UV) sky simultaneously in three channels, covering the wavelength range 1300–1800 Å (FUV), 1800–3000 Å (NUV) and 3200–5300 Å (VIS). Characterizing the in-flight properties of the instrument is a prerequisite to obtain scientifically accurate and self consistent results from the scientific programs running on it.