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Modern Technology Usage for Education Field during COVID-19: Statistical Analysis
The COVID-19 pandemic has had vast effects on the concept of education as a whole. During the pandemic, students had no access to physical teaching practices, which had been adapted worldwide as the principal way of education since the 1800's. Due to the restrictions imposed to garner safety from the spread of the virus, this methodology had to be modified based on the situation at hand. Alternatives through the usage of Virtual Learning Platforms (VLP), Online Tutoring Platforms (OTP), Web Conferencing Platforms (WCP) and multiple assessment tools like plagiarism checker, poll sites, quiz platforms, online proctored examinations (OPE) started gaining popularity among all institutes to cope with the limitations levied. The technologies molded a path for student-teacher interaction, performance assessments, document sharing and online tutoring. This research highlights the lack of online tutoring equipment, educators' limited expertise with online learning, the knowledge gap, a inimical atmosphere for independent study, equity, and academic success in postsecondary learning. The goal of this review is to present an overview of available technologies for online teaching that can be used to improve the quality of education during COVID-19. 2022 IEEE. -
Modernization of Rural Electric Infrastructure
In the recent digital era, the energy sector in India is truly challenging. But some way or another digital technology has the potential to change the scenario of energy supply in industry. One of the important developments in this decade is the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI). This technology will help us to control smart software and optimize our decision-making and operations. We cannot ignore the need of energy to become sustainable after the introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT). Smart grid technology in IoT is used to detect even minute changes in electricity supply and demand. These two technologies (AI and IOT) jointly provide us a magical tool to improve operational performance in the energy industry. In rural areas, there is a lack of electricity infrastructure supply and demand technologies. A large portion electricity supply is shifting from manufacturing industry to rural areas. They are using grid technology to transform electricity and the load is highly variable. From the demand side, lack of infrastructure and industrial equipment affect consumer devices. An increasing need for electricity in all aspects presents a significant challenge to utilization and cost efficiency. An important issue for the delivery of electricity to rural areas is the infrastructure and administrative policies and regulations. Power plants need to be constructed in rural areas to supply the electricity. This is the modernization of a rural electricity infrastructure. In modernization techniques, smart grid technology can be used to meet low carbon emission and cost-efficiency. It will be interconnected with the traditional grid architecture of electricity energy. Based on recent research, the smart grid should be robust and agile and it might dynamically optimize the grid operations, energy-efficient resources, and so on. Without affecting the nature of village environments, an alternate technology, such as the consumption of solar energy, can also be mutually considered in order to utilize renewable energy. In this chapter we focus on the comparison of traditional and modern technology used for the supply and demand of electricity in rural areas, issues on the implementation of modern technologies, research and development in modernization of electric power systems, and so on. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. -
Modernized energy management system: A review
The usage of renewable energy system (RES) and its management is vital for reliable electrical energy delivery without pollution. In the scenario of increase in distributed generations (DGs), to utilize the generated electricity from RES without any wastage, to avoid the consumption of electricity during peak hours, to store and retrieve energy in an efficient way from the battery, there is a need for overall energy management system (EMS). As the prices for electricity and pollution are reduced, the review of available methodologies is discussed in this paper. The EMS takes decision based on the predicted load demand. So, the different prediction methodologies and their benefits are also discussed here. Though the electric vehicles (EVs) are considered as load in power system, the storage facility of the EVs are also used as power backup facilities through vehicle to grid (V2G) technology. This paper provides a review on the complete management of RES, EVs, batteries and load. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. -
Modernizing Electrical Grids with TCR-Based Flexible AC Transmission Systems
Modernizing electrical grids is imperative to meet the growing demand for reliable, efficient, and sustainable energy. Thyristor-Controlled Reactors (TCRs) are integral components of modern Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS). These systems offer a robust solution for enhancing grid stability, improving power quality, and optimizing transmission efficiency, ensuring that electric grids can support future energy needs. TCR-based FACTS are a collection of technologies designed to enhance the controllability, stability, and power transfer capability of AC electrical grid systems. In this paper, we will discuss the role of TCRs in modernizing AC transmission systems and their role in addressing grid challenges and improving performance, highlighting their critical role in future grid infrastructure. To discuss the future prospects and developments in TCR technology, with ongoing advancements and research efforts paving the way for more efficient, reliable, and flexible grid management solutions. The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2024. -
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Modification of Carbon Based Electrodes as Robust Scaffolds for Electrochemical Sensing of Vitamins and Hormones
Electrochemical sensors are for vitamins and hormones are constructed on employing various newlinemodifications (molecular imprinting technology, coating of 2D sheet like materials and also modifying using supramolecular complexing material) on the transducer host, carbon fiber paper electrode (CFP). From our observation, the electrochemical oxidation/reduction current newlineof the analytes studied, intensified significantly on the surface modifications employed over the CFP substrate. Surface morphology was characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Electron Diffraction X-ray (EDX), X-Ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Optical Profilometry and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Nyquist plots revealed the least charge transfer resistance at the finally modified working electrodes compared to other control electrodes. Optimization of experimental conditions such as effect of pH, investigating the reaction mechanism via effect of scan rate, number of cycles for the electrodeposition of the film in order to achieve maximum current response and potential window were studied in detail by using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Quantification of the analytes was performed using Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). newlineAnalytical corroboration for real samples were carried out using the finally modified newlineelectrode. Therefore, all the works carried out have established simplicity and selectivity in the principle of the novel approach in the development of an ultrasensitive voltammetric sensor for vitamins and hormones studied. -
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Modified carbon based electrodes for electrochemical sensing of biomolecules
Now-a-days a large variety of biological analytes are detected by highly sensitive newlineelectrochemical sensors which are inexpensive and simple as compared to conventional methods such as UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, spectrofluorometry, HPLC and gas chromatography. Electrochemical analysis is exceptional owing to its economical, low energy consuming and unique approach in the method design, and high sensitivity for the analyte determination. Carbon based electrochemical sensors are commonly used because of their low cost, good electron newlinetransfer kinetics, good chemical stability, and biocompatibility. Recently electrochemical properties of pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) have been explored in the analysis of various organic compounds. High electrochemical reactivity, easy modification, commercial accessibility, fine rigidity, disposability and low-cost of PGE make it ideal to be used as an effective working electrode. The thesis presented explains different modified PGEs have been employed in the electrocatalytic determination biomolecules such as cholesterol, cortisol, Vitamin B6 and morin. newlineThe modified electrodes are effectively used for the ultra-level sensing of these biomolecules in real samples. The electroactive surface area and the conduvtivity of bare PGE is enhanced newlinedifferent electrode modifiers such as and#946;-CD, graphene, conducting polymer, metal oxides and metal nanoparticles. The modified electrodes are found to exhibit good electrocatalytic behavior towards the target biomolecules. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) studies and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) technique were used to investigate the electrochemical properties of the modified sensing platform. The newlinemorphology and step wise fabrication process of the modified electrodes were characterized byvii Ramana spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). -
Modified Carbon Based Electrodes for Electrochemical Sensing of Biomolecules
Now-a-days a large variety of biological analytes are detected by highly sensitive newlineelectrochemical sensors which are inexpensive and simple as compared to conventional methods such as UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, spectrofluorometry, HPLC and gas chromatography. Electrochemical analysis is exceptional owing to its economical, low energy consuming and unique approach in the method design, and high sensitivity for the analyte determination. Carbon based electrochemical sensors are commonly used because of their low cost, good electron newlinetransfer kinetics, good chemical stability, and biocompatibility. Recently electrochemical properties of pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) have been explored in the analysis of various organic compounds. High electrochemical reactivity, easy modification, commercial accessibility, fine rigidity, disposability and low-cost of PGE make it ideal to be used as an effective working electrode. The thesis presented explains different modified PGEs have been employed in the electrocatalytic determination biomolecules such as cholesterol, cortisol, Vitamin B6 and morin. newlineThe modified electrodes are effectively used for the ultra-level sensing of these biomolecules in real samples. The electroactive surface area and the conduvtivity of bare PGE is enhanced newlinedifferent electrode modifiers such as and#946;-CD, graphene, conducting polymer, metal oxides and metal nanoparticles. The modified electrodes are found to exhibit good electrocatalytic behavior towards the target biomolecules. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) studies and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) technique were used to investigate the electrochemical properties of the modified sensing platform. The newlinemorphology and step wise fabrication process of the modified electrodes were characterized byvii Ramana spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). -
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Modified carbon substrates for electrocatalytic oxidation of selected heterocyclic carbinols
Electrochemically modified carbon electrodes are used as a substrate for electrocatalytic oxidation of different heterocyclic carbinols. Carbon fiber paper (CFP) is newlineused as the electrode substrate on which various modifications are employed. Modified newlineelectrodes were prepared by using different surface modification strategies such as newlineelectrodeposition of Pd nanoparticles or Pd-Pt bimetallic nanoparticles on a conducting newlinepolymer, polyaniline which is electropolymerized on to CFP. Biomass derived porous carbon nanoparticle coated CFP was also used for electrodeposition of Pd nanoparticles or MnO2-Pi nanoparticles. These modified electrodes were physicochemically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Optical profilometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemically characterized using Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). This modification methods have attracted a lot of attention due to their exceptional stability, high electronic conductivity, mechanical strength, and good adhesive property to the substrate and to the modified electrode. The modified electrodes show excellent electrochemical and newlinephysicochemical properties which are demonstrated using various analytical techniques. The organocatalytic reagent, TEMPO is used as a mediator throughout the studies which helps to carry out the oxidation of organic molecules in an aqueous acidic medium. The developed electrodes have been successfully applied for the oxidation of different heterocyclic alcohol such as 4-pyridinemethanol, 2-thiophene methanol, and 2-Furfuryl alcohol to corresponding 4-pyridinemethanal, 2-thiophene methanol and 2-Furfural. -
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Modified Carbon-Based Composites and Their Electrochemical Studies
Energy storage has emerged as the world's most important issue, attracting the focus of researchers and commercial developers due to the economy's rapid growth and the rise in the usage of portable electronics and electronic vehicles. These devices make it possible to efficiently capture and store the excess energy produced during times of high generation, so that it can be used when there is little or no generation. Devices for storing renewable energy contribute to grid stability and lessen the reliance on fossil fuel-based power plants. Moreover, they contribute to the decarbonization of the energy industry, mitigating climate change, and promoting a sustainable future. This thesis explores the potential of modified carbon-based composites as advanced materials for energy storage applications particularly supercapacitors and solar thermal fuels. The research focuses on the careful design and synthesis of ternary composites, incorporating carbonaceous materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and graphitic carbon nitrides, metal sulphides, nitrogen rich moieties, and conductive additives like polyaniline and polypyrrole. A wide variety of methodologies were used to describe the structural and morphological characteristics of the composite materials. Thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and other techniques were used. These methods gave important information about the composite materials' chemical structure, type of bonding and arrangements, surface morphology, and thermal stability. Electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, have been extensively employed to investigate the performance and behaviour of supercapacitor electrodes and devices. The results demonstrate significant improvements in electrochemical performance, including enhanced specific capacitance, excellent cycling stability, and remarkable rate capability. These findings indicate that the modified carbon-based ternary composites hold promise for high-performance energy storage devices. Ultimately, this research contributes to the development of next-generation energy storage technologies, offering more efficient and sustainable solutions for storing energy. -
Modified Ceria as a Substitute for Sulfuric Acid in the Liquid Phase Nitration of Toluene
Reaction, Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis, ISSN NO. 1878-5204 -
Modified ceria as a substitute for sulfuric acid in the liquid phase nitration of toluene
Ceria, sulfated ceria, ceria-zirconia and sulfated ceria-zirconia catalysts were prepared via the co-precipitation method and calcined at 823 K. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET surface area, FTIR, TGA and EDAX. The acidity of the catalysts was studied by pyridine adsorbed FTIR. All the peaks in XRD correspond to the cubic fluorite structure of ceria. The crystallite size of the catalysts was found to be 4-8 nm. Incorporation of zirconia stabilizes the surface sulfate species and thus increases the sulfate content. Sulfation decreases the surface area, but increases the acidity, leading to enhanced catalytic activity. All the catalysts were found to be stable up to 923 K. Catalytic activities were tested towards the liquid phase nitration of toluene. A maximum conversion of about 34 % is achievable for the nitration of toluene to dinitrotoluene. Solid acids effectively play the role of sulfuric acid in the reaction, assisting the formation of nitronium species. 2012 Akadiai Kiad Budapest, Hungary. -
Modified eco-friendly and biodegradable chitosan-based sustainable semiconducting thin films
Semiconducting materials are pivotal in various fields, such as solar cells, LEDs, photovoltaic cells, etc. A nature-friendly chitosan is a good film-forming, water-soluble polymer that is modified to a small band-gap polymer for various optoelectronic applications. Choline chloride:ethylene glycol:glycerin (1:1:1) deep eutectic solvent (DES)-modified activated carbon is incorporated into the chitosan matric and this composite is fabricated into thin films via spin coating methodology. The obtained films are subjected to multiple studies such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), impedance spectroscopy, and UVvis spectroscopy to perceive the thin-films microstructure, morphology, conductance, band gap, and optical nature. The integration of DES-modified activated carbon has significantly improved the charge transfer capacity of chitosan by reducing the band gap from 4.0 to 2.0 eV. These notable characteristics exhibited by the modified films can be key to sustainable semiconducting materials and have the potential to transform several optoelectronic applications. 2024 The Author(s). Polymers for Advanced Technologies published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
Modified Genesio-Tesi systems with trigonometric functions and the Caputo fractional derivative
The new fractional-order Genesio-Tesi system is introduced, and its boundedness, stability of the equilibrium points, Lyapunov stability, uniqueness of the solution, and bifurcation are all discussed in this paper. Using the efficient predictor-corrector approach, we statistically analyze the Genesio-Tesi system in fractional order. The results effectively conceptualize and visualize the novel fractional order Genesio-Tesi systems that are suggested. When the systems order shifts from integer to fractional, the revolution around the fixed point increases. The chaotic character of the modified Genesio-Tesi system is comparable to that of the original Genesio system. The major changes were made to the Geensio-Tesi system by including the trigonometric functions, keeping the initial conditions and parameter values intact. The system is fractionalised with the help of Caputo fractional operator. In particular, the modified systems nature is more complex, which may aid in signal processing and secure communication. Future research on the modified Genesio-Tesi system can now proceed in light of this finding. This article offers a fresh approach to utilizing and thoroughly researching the Genesio-Tesi systems that have been provided. CSP - Cambridge, UK; I&S - Florida, USA, 2024 -
Modified Metal Organic Frameworks for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting and Energy Storage Applications
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of crystalline material formed by the newlinecombination of metal ions/clusters along with organic linkers. This work is mainly based on newlinesynthesizing MOFs and their application in electrocatalytic water splitting and newlinesupercapacitors. The MOFs synthesized in the present work are Ni-Cu, {Mn-NiNH2(h2fipbb)}, Mn-MOF/rGO, and Sm-MOF/rGO/PANI using different ditopic and tritopic linkers. Using various characterization techniques, the formation of the synthesized MOFs is confirmed. The increasing use of fossil fuels now contributes to a number of environmental problems, including climate change and global warming. High-performance electrochemical energy storage devices are essential for portable electronics, electric cars, newlineand renewable energy storage medium, driving demand. MOFs are emerged as a promising newlinecontender for energy storage applications owing to their novel microstructures, atomically dispersed metal centers, and earth-abundant metal components. Electrochemical water splitting is a crucial approach in the pursuit of producing environmentally friendly fuels such newlineas H2 and O2, reducing our dependence on traditional fossil fuels while promoting newlinesustainable and clean energy sources. In order to produce hydrogen with the best efficiency and lowest cost, these MOFs are used. Electrochemical studies like cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveal that the prepared MOFs can be used as supercapacitors. Linear sweep voltammetry and Tafel plot determine the performance of these MOFs towards water splitting studies. Supercapacitors, which are electrochemical capacitors, are popular energy storage devices with quick charge rate, high power density, excellent rate capability, and outstanding life expectancy. -
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Modified Montmorillonite Catalysed Ultrasonic Assisted one-pot Synthesis of Novel 2,3-dihydroisoxazolo[5,4-d] pyrimidin-4(7H)-ones as Potential Anticancer Agents
The development of novel compounds with potential anticancer activity is imperative for combating the challenges posed by cancer. In this study, a modified montmorillonite based catalyst is employed for the synthesis of 2,3-dihydroisoxazolo[5,4-d] pyrimidin-4(7H)-ones, which are promising candidates for anticancer agents. Montmorillonite is modified using mixed metal oxides, typically Al2O3 and CeO2, by a facile approach followed by standard spectroscopic and electron microscopic characterizations. It is then employed for the one-pot synthesis of a series of 2,3-dihydroisoxazolo[5,4-d] pyrimidin-4(7H)-ones. The synthesis protocol, mediated by ultrasound, is simple, efficient, and environment friendly. The mixed metal oxide pillared montmorillonite catalyst exhibits high catalytic activity and selectivity, facilitating the formation of the desired compounds in good to excellent yields. The synthesized compounds are characterized using various spectroscopic techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the anticancer activity of the synthesized compounds is evaluated against a series of cancer cell lines, revealing promising cytotoxic effects. The findings of this study highlight the potential of novel 2,3-dihydroisoxazolo[5,4-d] pyrimidin-4(7H)-ones as promising anticancer agent, warranting further investigation for their therapeutic potential. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.