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Analysis and Forecasting of Area Under Cultivation of Rice in India: Univariate Time Series Approach
This study uses three distinct models to analyse a univariate time series of data: Holt's exponential smoothing model, the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, and the neural network autoregression (NNAR) model. The effectiveness of each model is assessed using in-sample forecasts and accuracy metrics, including mean absolute percentage error, mean absolute square error, and root mean square log error. The area under cultivation in India for the following 5years is predicted using the model whose fitted values are most like the observed values. This is determined by performing a residual analysis. The time series data used for the study was initially found to be non-stationary. It is then transformed into stationary data using differencing before the models can be used for analysis and prediction. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Influence of perceived equity, job enrichment, and burnout among educators in Indian private universities on job satisfaction and the desire to quit
The desire to quit converts into actual attrition if left unaddressed. Additionally, employees job satisfaction strongly influences their desire to stay or leave. Several individual and organizational factors affect job satisfaction levels, all of which must be thoroughly analyzed to curb both the desire to quit and attrition. The current study tests a model associating perceived equity, job enrichment, and burnout with job satisfaction and the desire to quit of educators employed in private universities in India. Data were collected from 272 university faculty members using five scales, namely, job enrichment, perceived equity, employee burnout, job satisfaction, and intention to leave, and were analyzed using AMOS 17. The initial fitness results failed to support the hypothesized framework, but a revised framework yielded a good fit for the data. Results show that perceived equity has a positive influence on job satisfaction (Hypothesis 2), job enrichment positively affects job satisfaction (Hypothesis 3), burnout negatively influences job satisfaction (Hypothesis 4), and job satisfaction negatively affects the desire to leave (Hypothesis 1). Perceived equity, burnout, and job satisfaction were found to mediate the association between job enrichment and the desire to leave. The results indicate that private universities must focus on job satisfaction to reduce employees desire to quit, thereby reducing the attrition level, which is currently a severe problem with both financial and non-financial consequences to universities. From the results, it can be seen that job enrichment has acted as a mediator to influence employees job satisfaction. Future research can explore HR practices contributing to high job enrichment, and this study would have considerable practical implications. Copyright 2022 Annamalai. -
Generation a: Life perspectives, potentials, challenges and future of neurodiverse stars in India
In India, one in 500 people (Balaji, 2019) are diagnosed with ASD. Around 40 non-governmental organizations cater to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) children; out of that, a few organizations focus on adults providing them vocational training to make them employable. One such exercise was initiated by SAP Labs India, a leading software company, and Enable India, an Indian NGO where they developed a focused training program for people with ASD and placed them in vital technical jobs in SAP Labs India (Karwa, 2016). First, we peek into the lifestyles of a few successful neurodiverse rock stars in India and their journey from becoming aware of their profile to establishing a career and becoming a role model to other people with ASD. Second, we present the autism landscape in India. Third, we explore the organizations that have hired people with ASD, their policies connected to neurodiversity, and the organizations that give training and support. Fourth, we present the potentials and the challenges people with ASD face. Fifth and final, we cover the role of different stakeholders to foster support and up-skill people with ASD for better community development. 2022 by Emerald Publishing Limited. All rights reserved. -
Pedagogical exploration for generation z students: Experiments using student-developed video case studies, gamification, student-developed case simulation and a movie reflection exercise in an organizational behaviour course
This paper will focus on three experiments performed while teaching undergraduate and graduate students using innovative pedagogy. In all three studies, the purpose was to understand how effective these pedagogical tools were in generating enthusiasm and engaging the students in the learning process. In study 1, teams developed and presented video case studies on the organizational behaviour themes studied in the course, applying them to practical scenarios. Later, the facilitators conducted a modified gamification quiz based on the video case studies, and the quiz results were considered to be the actual assessment of the students learning process. In study 2, student teams were asked to brain-storm and develop case simulations based on actual incidents encountered by those students who had work experience. In study 3, the undergraduate students were shown the classic movie 12 Angry Men as a means of learning about team decision-making processes. They reflected on and discussed the movie in relation to theory. Feedback collected at the end of each study conveyed that students experienced high levels of enthusiasm and engagement with positive learning outcomes. 2020 NeilsonJournals Publishing. -
Embracing intelligent machines: Aqualitative study to explore thetransformational trends inthe workplace
Purpose: With Industry 4.0 and the extensive rise of smart technologies, we are seeing remarkable transformations in work practices and workplaces. Scholars report the phenomenal progress of smart technologies. At the same time, we can hear the rhetoric emphasising their potential threats. This study focusses on how and where intelligent machines are leveraged in the workplace, how humans co-working with intelligent machines are affected and what they believe can be done to mitigate the risks of the increased use of intelligent machines. Design/methodology/approach: We conducted in-depth interviews with 15 respondents working in various leadership capacities associated with intelligent machines and technologies. Using NVivo, we coded and churned out the themes from the qualitative data collected. Findings: This study shows how intelligent machines are leveraged across different industries, ranging from chatbots, intelligent sensors, cognitive systems and computer vision to the replica of the entire human being. They are used end-to-end in the value chain, increasing productivity, complementing human workers skillsets and augmenting decisions made by human workers. Human workers experience a blend of positive and negative emotions whilst co-working with intelligent machines, which influences their job satisfaction level. Organisations adopt several anticipatory strategies, like transforming into a learning organisation, identifying futuristic technologies and upskilling their human workers, regularly conducting social learning events and designing accelerated career paths to embrace intelligent technologies. Originality/value: This study seeks to understand the emotional and practical implications of the use of intelligent machines by humans and how both entities can integrate and complement each other. These insights can help organisations and employees understand what future workplaces and practices will look like and how to remain relevant in this transformation. 2024, Sumathi Annamalai and Aditi Vasunandan. -
Social isolation and loneliness among Generation Z employees: can emotional intelligence help mitigate?
The paper tested a moderated mediation model with social isolation, loneliness, emotional intelligence, and quality of life among Generation Z (Gen Z) employees. Approximately 568 Gen Z employees participated in this study. We used WHOQOL-BREF for measuring quality of life, Schuttes emotional intelligence test, UCLA loneliness scale and social isolation scale from Choi and Noh. We applied the PROCESS macro (model 7) by Hayes for a moderated mediation analysis, using emotional intelligence as a moderating variable and loneliness as a mediating variable between social isolation and quality of life. The results indicate that emotional intelligence moderates the mediating effect of loneliness on social isolation and quality of life and supports hypothesis 2. First, the indirect impact of social isolation on quality of life varies as a function of emotional intelligence moderating the path. Second, both social isolation and loneliness are negative and significant predictors of quality of life. Loneliness is not an individual problem anymore but a public health issue around the world. Individuals who are lonely experience both mental and physical health issues. Strong measures are needed to combat loneliness, and the current research results confirm that emotional intelligence-based interventions will help individuals fight loneliness. 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Development of a Supported Education Program for Students with Severe Mental Disorders in India
Background: The onset of severe mental disorders (SMDs) is during adolescence or young adulthood, which affects the well-being and the educational aspirations of the students. Models of supported education practiced in the West are not culturally suitable for Indian students or the Indian education system. This study aimed to develop a Supported Education Program (SEP) for students with SMDs to help them with academic reintegration in an Indian context. Methods and Material: To develop the SEP, a realist review was done, followed by an in-depth interview with eight mental health professionals (MHP) and nine lecturers, using a validated interview script. After each interview, interim analysis and modifications were done to improve the rigor of the interview. After all interviews, the SEP was circulated for a second round of iteration for consensual validation by four mental health experts. The outcome of the entire process was the final version of SEP for students with SMDs. Results: The final SEP had two broad themes and 18 subthemes from the qualitative thematic analysis: theme 1 included issues and strategies relevant to the client or caregivers, and theme 2 was pertinent to the education system. Conclusion: The SEP developed and validated for people with SMDs has distinctive components: one for the individual and caregiver and the other for the educational system. 2020 Indian Psychiatric Society - South Zonal Branch. -
The Impact of Supportive Factors on the Academic Reintegration of Students with Mental Illness: A Qualitative Study
Introduction: Returning to college following a psychiatric illness can be overwhelming for students as academic reintegration is a significant undertaking. Psychological distress can negatively impact a student's performance and levels of academic achievement. A better understandingof the factors that facilitateacademicreintegration would helpmental health professionals, educators, and family members support students more effectively. Methods and Materials: The study followed an explorative research design and utilized a purposivesampling technique. The Institute's(National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, NIMHANS) Ethics Committee evaluated and approved this study, while four (4) mental health experts validated the interview schedule. Theprimary researcher (ASR) audio-recorded, transcribed and coded fourteen (14) in-depth interviews.The study supervisors (AJ and TK) verified this procedure.Themes and sub-themes were derivedfrom the codes,and thenthematic analysis was conducted. Results: Fivesupportive factors (themes and sub-themes) were derived: 1. Family:Educational qualification of the members, Family accommodations (travelling to the city where the student is studying for additional support).Academic assistance, Freedom to select their educational course; 2.Support from friends and peers: Academic support, Emotional support (caregiving,home visits, sharing problems with them), Logistic support (physically accompanying the student to and from class, providing transport); 3.Support from Teachers and Collegeadministration: Additional academic support from teachers, Reasonable classroom accommodations; 4.SupportfromMental health professionals (MHPs):Providing Pharmacological or Psychosocial Interventions, Follow up,andcontinuous guidance (handholding); 5. Individual factors (students' strengths): High degree of motivation or interest in studies, strong academic record, and healthy coping mechanisms. Conclusion: Students with mental illnesses require additional support with academic reintegration. As a result, assisting students in successfully returning to academics is frequently a collaborative effort involving family, peers, mental health professionals, teachers, and college administration. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature India Private Limited. -
Understanding the role of acid sites of Zinc Aluminophosphate catalysts in eco-friendly synthesis of carbamates
Aluminophosphate and metal incorporated aluminophosphates have been synthesized at ice-cold temperature by simple co-precipitation method in the absence of a templating agent. Surface and bulk properties of synthesized materials were studied by different characterization techniques. The materials were found to be X-ray amorphous. N2 adsorption-desorption studies exhibited the existence of microporous structure and uniform narrow slit type of pores on the materials. The catalytic activity of the synthesized material was tested in phosgene free synthesis of carbamates from corresponding amines and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) through a greener route. Metal incorporated Aluminophosphates indicated excellent catalytic activity compared to pure aluminophosphates. Zinc aluminophosphate catalyst exhibited 83% carbamate yield with 100% selectivity towards the formation of carbamate. The excellent catalytic activity of Zinc aluminophosphate with 94% amine conversion is attributed to its surface properties mainly moderate acid strength. The incorporated metal plays a vital role in the structural and textural properties of aluminophosphates. A systematic study was conducted to correlate the catalytic activity and surface properties of metal aluminophosphates. Reaction conditions were optimized to obtain a better yield through phosgene free eco-friendly routes using different amines. The catalyst was found to be recyclable for 5 cycles in the desired reaction without a reduction in conversion and selectivity. 2021. All Rights Reserved. -
Linear and non-linear analyses of double-diffusive-Chandrasekhar convection coupled with cross-diffusion in micropolar fluid over saturated porous medium
Purpose: The problem aims to find the effects of coupled cross-diffusion in micropolar fluid oversaturated porous medium, subjected to Double-Diffusive Chandrasekhar convection. Design/methodology/approach: Normal mode and perturbation technique have been employed to determine the critical Rayleigh number. Non-linear analysis is carried out by deriving the Lorenz equations using truncated Fourier series representation. Heat and Mass transport are quantified by Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, respectively. Findings: Analysis related to the effects of various parameters is plotted, and the results for the same are interpreted. It is observed from the results that the Dufour parameter and Soret parameter have an opposite influence on the system of cross-diffusion. Originality/value: The effect of the magnetic field on the onset of double-diffusive convection in a porous medium coupled with cross-diffusion in a micropolar fluid is studied for the first time. 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Linear and non-linear analyses of double diffusive chandrasekhar convection with heat and concentration source in micropolar fluid with saturated porous media under gravity modulation
In this paper, linear and non-linear analysis of Double-Diffusive convection in the presence of magnetic field and gravity modulation with heat and concentration source in a micropolar fluid is studied by assuming the strength of heat and concentration source same. The expression for Rayleigh number and correction Rayleigh number are obtained using regular perturbation method. The effects of parameters on heat and mass transport is investigated using non-linear analysis by deriving eighth order Lorenz equation. It is found that coupling parameter and Chandrasekhar number stabilizes the system. Whereas internal Rayleigh number and Darcy number destabilizes the system. 2020 International Association of Engineers. -
Study of linear and non-linear analyses of rayleigh-benard chandrasekhar convection in micropolar fluid with saturated porous medium
Thermal instability of Chandrasekhar convection in a micropolar fluid, saturated porous layer is being investigated in this study. The model is confined between two horizon- tal plates of infinite length and separated by a fixed distance. A uniform temperature gradient is provided at the lower plate, while the upper plate is cooled. The study is analysed for both linear as well as non-linear cases to understand the stability, transfer of heat and mass within the model. The study is carried out in extending the model for Rayleigh-Benard and double diffusive convection with external constraints such as in-ternal heat, concentration source, gravity modulation, temperature modulation, coupled cross diffusion and throughflow. The outcome of the study is discussed in detail and presented pictorially through graphs. Linear and Non-linear Analyses of Double Diffusive Chandrasekhar Convection with Heat and Concentration Source in Micropolar Fluid with Saturated Porous Media under Gravity Modulation. A thermosolutal convective study is carried out in the presence of externally imposed magnetic field and gravity modulation together with heat and concentration source in a micropolar fluid. This problem is analysed for both linear and non-linear cases by as- suming the strength of heat and concentration source same. The expression for critical thermal Rayleigh number and correction thermal Rayleigh number are obtained using regular perturbation method to understand the stability of problem. The transfer of heat and mass transport is investigated by deriving the eighth order Lorentz equation. It is found that internal Rayleigh number and Darcy number speeds up the onset of instabil-ity while the coupling parameter and Chandrasekhar number has a reverse effect. Also, the transfer of mass is more compared to the transfer of heat. Linear and Non-linear Analyses of Double Diffusive Chandrasekhar Convection Coupled with Cross-diffusion in Micropolar Fluid over Saturated Porous Medium The problem aims to find the effects of coupled cross-diffusion in a micropolar fluid over a porous medium, subjected to double-diffusive-Chandrasekhar convection. The usual stability analysis has been employed to determine the critical thermal Rayleigh number. Non-linear analysis is carried out by deriving the Lorentz equations using trun- cated Fourier series representation. Heat and Mass transport are quantified by Nusselt and Sherwood number respectively. Analysis related to the effect of various parameter are plotted and the result for the same are interpreted. As Dufour parameter increases, the diffusion of heat and solute takes place which increases the temperature difference and thereby delays the onset of convection by making the system stable. It is observed from the results that Dufour parameter and Soret parameter have opposite influence on the stability of the problem. Linear and Non-linear Analyses of Throughflow Effect on the Onset of Rayleigh-Benard-Chandrasekhar Convection in Micropolar Fluid with Porous Medium. The Rayleigh-Benard convection over a porous medium saturated with micropolar fluid is simulated via externally imposed magnetic effect. The stability of the system is ex- amined using linear analysis by the method of normal mode. The rate of heat and mass transport within the system is examined by deriving sixth order Lorentz equation using non-linear analysis. It is observed that by regulating the throughflow effect, the con- vection of the system can be controlled. Also, the pro-gravity and anti-gravity cases has a stabilizing effect on the system. From mathematical calculation, it can be seen that heat transfer rate is same for both pro-gravity and anti-gravity cases, because of the symmetric nature of the boundaries considered. Linear and Non-linear Analyses on the Effect of Time Periodic Boundary Temper- ature and Internal Heat Source in a Micropolar Fluid on the Onset of Rayleigh- Benard-Chandrasekhar Convection with Porous Medium The impact of temperature modulation at the boundaries over a surface containing voids that is soaked in micropolar fluid is investigated to understand the thermal instability of the convection exposed to magnetic effect and internal heating of the system. A small amplitude of perturbation is given to the system to analyse the thermal instability by performing a linear study through the method of regular perturbation, which yields Rayleigh number for unmodulated and modulated system. Three cases of study is car-ried out to inspect the vibrating temperature field at the boundaries, namely symmetric case where the temperature is modulated in-phase, asymmetric case where the temper-ature is modulated out-phase and the case where only the bottom wall temperature is modulated. The non-linear analysis is employed to find the heat in the system, using Lorentz model. The outcome of the study conveys that sub critical motion occurs dur- ing in-phase modulation while the out-phase modulation leads to a more stable system. Moreover, internal Rayleigh number hastens the onset of convection. -
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Efficacy of digital MBCT-PD in preventing postpartum depression and enhancing work motivation: A study protocol
Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant challenge for women transitioning back to work. While preventive measures are essential, the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) in this context remains underexplored. This study will assess the efficacy of a digital MBCT program (MBCT-PD) in preventing PPD, enhancing well-being, and motivating work resumption after childbirth. Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) with repeated measures will evaluate MBCT-PD, a digitally delivered intervention designed to promote mindfulness and emotional resilience. Eighty consenting pregnant women aged 18+, between 16 and 32 weeks gestation, residing in urban India will be recruited and randomized to either the MBCT-PD group or an enhanced treatment-as-usual (TAU) control group, which includes additional prenatal wellness resources. The intervention will span eight weeks, with assessments at baseline, post-intervention (T1), and six weeks postpartum (T2). Primary outcomes are depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), well-being (Pregnancy Experience Scale-Brief), and work motivation (Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale). Secondary outcome is mindfulness level (Three Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form). Descriptive statistics, repeated measures ANOVA, and regression analyses will determine the effect of MBCT-PD on these outcomes. Expected Results: We anticipate that the MBCT-PD group will show reduced PPD symptoms, improved well-being, and greater motivation to resume work than the control group, consistent with previous findings on mindfulness-based interventions. Conclusion: The findings from this study are expected to support the efficacy of MBCT-PD as a cost-effective, scalable intervention for enhancing postpartum mental health and work reintegration, with potential applications in maternal mental health practices and policies worldwide. Trial Registration: Clinical Trial Registry of India. CTRI/2024/03/064,831 2025 -
Efficacy of in-person versus digital mental health interventions for postpartum depression: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Aim: This meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy of in-person and digital mental health interventions in addressing Postpartum Depression. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, the protocol for this meta-analysis was registered at the Open Science Framework (Retrieved from osf.io/wy3s4). This meta analysis included Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) conducted between 2013 and 2023. A comprehensive literature search identified 35 eligible RCTs from various electronic databases. Inclusion criteria focused on pregnant women over 18 years old, encompassing antenatal depression and up to two years postpartum. Diagnostic interviews or Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were used to establish PPD. Digital interventions included telephonic, app-based, or internet-based approaches, while in-person interventions involved face-to-face sessions. Results: The meta-analysis revealed a moderate overall effect size of ?0.69, indicating that psychological interventions are effective for PPD. Digital interventions (g = ?0.86) exhibited a higher mean effect size than in-person interventions (g = ?0.55). Both types of interventions displayed substantial heterogeneity (digital: I2 = 99%, in-person: I2 = 92%), suggesting variability in intervention content, delivery methods, and participant characteristics. Conclusion: Digital mental health interventions show promise in addressing PPD symptoms, with a potentially greater effect size compared to in-person interventions. However, the high heterogeneity observed in both modalities underscores the need for further research to identify key drivers of success and tailor interventions to diverse populations. Additionally, the choice between digital and in-person interventions should consider individual needs and preferences. Ongoing research should further investigate and optimise intervention modalities to better serve pregnant women at risk of PPD. 2024 Society for Reproductive & Infant Psychology. -
Innovation in TeachingExploring the Educators Perspective of AI Functions in Subject Pedagogy
The objective of the research is to gain insight into the viewpoints of educators regarding the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the teaching of academic subjects. The study endeavours to comprehend the most significant function of AI in attaining a successful teaching experience. Design/Methodology The study is an exploratory research design which utilises quantitative research strategy. Data is collected from students of Autonomous Institutions in Bangalore city. A convenience sampling technique is used to select 56 Educators. The data was analysed using the SPSS and AMOS software. Findings The studys results indicate that educators hold a favourable view of the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) features to enhance subject-specific teaching methods. According to the educators, the provision of instructions beyond the classroom and the facilitation of collaborative functions of artificial intelligence have the greatest impact on the effective delivery of subject matter to students. Originality This study is innovative in its methodology as it considers the viewpoint of educators regarding the role of Artificial Intelligence in the teaching of academic subjects. This study pertains to autonomous institutions located in Bangalore that possess the authority to develop their own subject pedagogies through the integration of artificial intelligence (AI). Implications This research will provide valuable insights for policymakers in the education industry and educational institutions regarding the perceptions of educators on the functions of artificial intelligence. The stakeholders can identify the ineffective functions which can either be substituted or eliminated. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Gamification in Education and Its Impact on Student MotivationA Critical Review
In education, gamification refers to including game characteristics and design ideas in the classroom setting. Over the previous five years, gamification has increased student motivation and academic performance. This study will examine the previous literature to see how gamification will disseminate over time, educational level (from nursery to college), causes, and the most frequently used game elements. A systematic literature review will search interdisciplinary databases for quantitative experimental studies examining educational gamification and providing information on current research lines. According to the findings of a comprehensive research study, gamification can be advantageous at all academic levels, from elementary school to college. Following systematic research, gamified learning can increase students motivation and intellectual accomplishment. Student learning may be made more pleasurable via gamification, which is the first advantage of this type of instruction. When used in the classroom, gamification can assist students who are weak in motivation and performing poorly academically. Because of the diversity of challenges and rewards that gaming parts provide, incorporating gaming elements into the classroom may serve as a motivational tool for students to learn. In the study's findings, students who enrolled in educational gamification courses were shown to be more interested and participatory than students enrolled in regular classrooms, on average. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Microplastics distribution and potential health implications of food and food products
Microplastics, miniscule plastic fragments ubiquitous in the environment, pose a growing threat as they infiltrate our food chain. This review delves into the contamination of various food categories, including seafood, agricultural products, and even processed foods through packaging and processing methods. Developing reliable analytical techniques to accurately detect microplastics levels within complex food matrices is crucial to gauge the true extent of this contamination. Although the entire range of potential health effects associated with microplastic intake is not yet known, there is reason to be concerned about the risks. These include the potential for microplastics to physically hurt the gastrointestinal tract, exposure to chemicals that seep from the polymers themselves, and the potential for microplastics to act as carriers for other dangerous compounds. This analysis identifies important knowledge gaps about the long-term health effects of microplastics exposure. It highlights the urgent need for more investigation to fully assess the possible dangers connected to microplastics in the food chain. Furthermore, it is imperative that efficient mitigation measures be put in place as soon as possible to protect food safety from microplastics contamination. More cooperation is required to create more stringent laws governing the use of plastic, investigate substitute materials for manufacturing and packaging, and create effective filtering systems for the processing of food and water. Through devoted research to close knowledge gaps and the implementation of strong mitigation strategies, can make proactive efforts to safeguard public health and maintain the integrity of our food supply chain for future generations. 2024 Elsevier Inc.