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Parkinson's Disease Progression Prediction Using Longitudinal Imaging Data and Grey Wolf Optimizer-Based Feature Selection
This work uses longitudinal imaging data and a feature selection method based on the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) to create a novel method for forecasting the course of Parkinson's disease.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) longitudinal imaging data offer important insights into the structural and functional changes in the brain over time. However, because of its great dimensionality, analysing this complicated data might be difficult. We suggest using the GWO-based feature selection method to identify the most informative imaging features related to illness development in order to solve this problem.The Grey Wolf Optimizer is an algorithm that draws inspiration from nature and imitates the way that grey wolves hunt. By effectively locating an ideal subset of features that maximise classification or regression performance, it has demonstrated promising results in feature selection challenges. GWO will be used in our investigation to choose the most pertinent imaging features from the longitudinal data, lowering dimensionality and improving the model's ability to predict outcomes.Using machine learning strategies, we will build a predictive model that includes the chosen features and longitudinal imaging data. We hope to equip clinicians with a tool to forecast the course of each patient's Parkinson's disease by utilising this model. By assisting in early diagnosis, treatment planning, and disease progression monitoring, this predictive skill can ultimately improve the overall management of Parkinson's disease and the quality of life for those who are affected. Our method has great promise for expanding the fields of neurodegenerative disease prediction and personalised therapy because it integrates longitudinal imaging data and the Grey Wolf Optimizer-based feature selection method in a novel way. 2024, Ismail Saritas. All rights reserved. -
Feminization of hunger in climate change: linking rural womens health and wellbeing in India
The links between climate change, food security and womens wellbeing remain an under-investigated area. This paper contributes to this area through a thorough examination of how women experience food insecurity in farming households in rural India. The households are located in four agro-climatic regions in India. These regions experience varied climatic pressures, and this diversity allows us to explore a wider variety of womens experiences in their attempts to maintain household food security as the climate changes. The study finds that women, even in comparatively more food-secure households, suffer from food insecurity. One of the reasons for this is that womens food habits and mealtimes have altered in recent years due to the increase in their work pressures. The worst effects are to be found in drought-prone areas, and there are greater vulnerabilities among women-headed households, indicating that the impacts of climate change are exacerbated by cultural norms that further hinder the role of women in farm activities. 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
The Role of Real Exchange Rate in Indias Service Export: Do Remittances Inflows Matter in Post Liberalization-Era?
This study assesses the effects of real exchange rate and remittance inflows on India's total service exports, comprising traditional and modern service exports, spanning the annual data from 1990 to 2020. The control variables for the service export function include developments in the banking sector and the stock market and net inflows of foreign direct investment. The ARDL model is the estimating technique of the present study. The real exchange rate has an adverse effect on total, traditional, and modern service exports, according to the long-run outcomes of the ARDL model. Remittance inflows are interestingly shown to support modern service exports while impeding total and traditional service exports. The growth of the banking sector is beneficial for traditional and total service exports, but it has a negative impact on modern service exports. All service exports are benefited by stock market development; however, net FDI inflows negatively impact all forms of service exports. Based on these results, thepolicymakers in India are advised to maximize the effective utilization of remittance inflows in traditional service exports. Additionally, proactive intervention by the central bank is recommended to mitigate the adverse effects of the real exchange rate on traditional and modernservice exports. This study also provides valuable insights for thepolicymakers and practitioners seeking to enhance India's service export performance while navigating the complexities of real exchange rates, remittance inflows, and financial factors. 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature. -
A Novel Back-Propagation Neural Network for Intelligent Cyber-Physical Systems for Wireless Communications
Wireless sensor networks, which play a significant role in monitoring complex environments that change rapidly over time, were used in the Artificial Intelligence method. External factors or the device designers themselves are both responsible for this complex behavior. Sensor networks often use machine learning techniques to adapt to such conditions, eliminating the need for excessive redesign. Cyber-physical systems (CPS) appeared as the promising option for improving physical-virtual interactions. The quality of the system containing processing information is primarily determined by the system function. There are many benefits obtained while combining Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) in buildings. In CPS-based indoor environment has various design schemes containing measurement and intelligent buildings in the control system consisting of detection, tracking, execution, and communication modules. The Multi-Agent System (MAS) is the smallest control unit that simulates among neurons and it flexibly provides the information. To mimic the interactions between human neurons, multi-agents are used. In this paper, the CPSs information world is built on the fundamental principle of granular formal concepts and the theory of granular computing is investigated. The calculation module is used by Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) for pattern recognition and classification by environmental information. Various parameters namely the normalized root mean square error, peak signal-to-noise ratio, mean square error, and the mean absolute error are chosen as the objective assessment criteria to assess the benefits of the proposed method and the effectiveness of the proposed system is proven. 2024 IETE. -
Sexual Relationship Decision Making Based on Entertainment Media: A Qualitative Perspective Among Young Couples
As important as physical, mental, or social health is sexual health. Teenage pregnancy, STDs/STIs, and unsafe abortions are just a few of the population health issues that can arise from the absence of adequate sex education for young people. The purpose of this study is to investigate the process of sexual decision-making as influenced by media intervention among couples. Entertainment education (EE) is an approach that uses storytelling to influence large-scale behaviour change. EE has been used as a potent tool to educate, enlighten, and influence society and individual behaviour change worldwide. Through entertainment education, people have been taught about themes like HIV, family planning, pregnancy and child health, violence against women, and other subjects. Web series or movies that are accessible on the online subscription service, Netflix was taken into consideration for this study. Although there is a great deal of research on adolescent sexuality, studies of sexual decision-making have traditionally been gendered, meaning that men and women have been examined separately. This study is designed for a qualitative investigation using a phenomenological approach. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse semi-structured interviews of couples in a heterosexual romantic relationship. The findings will reveal the influence of entertainment education on young couples choices in their intimate relationships. 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Spectroscopic Studies on Structurally Modified Anthraquinone Azo Hydrazone Tautomer: Theoretical and Experimental Approach
A series of unique four mono-azo substituted anthraquinone analogue were synthesized by using the anthraquinone components in the diazo-coupling technique. The FT-IR, 1H NMR, and HRMS, data were used to confirm the structure of the molecules, and spectroscopic techniques like UV-Vis, and photoluminescence spectroscopy were employed to estimate the photophysical properties of the molecules. The molecular optimized geometry and frontier molecular orbitals were estimated using density functional theory. Further, global chemical reactivity descriptors parameter was theoretically estimated using the value of the highest occupied molecular orbit and lowest unoccupied molecular orbits. The anti-tubercular action of the synthesised dyes were also examined. The results of this biological activity showed that N-isopropyl aniline combined with anthraquinone N-isopropyl aniline had superior anti-tubercular activity when compared to Rifampicin as the standard. As per molecular docking studies, the synthesized compound Q1 showed excellent binding energy (-10.0kcal/mol) among all compounds against the 3ZXR Protein. These results agreed with our in-vitro anti-TB activity results. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
The Lives behind the Luxurious Threads: Beleaguered Sustainability of Kashmirs Pashmina Artisans
Kashmir pashmina, sometimes referred to as "cashmere, in the West, is one of the most valuable cultural artifacts Kashmir has offered for centuries, and continues to be sought after. The fine pure pashmina has maintained its luxury status for centuries and is still a symbol of elegance in the international markets. The pashmina shawl is not just popular for its fiber, but also for the elegant embroidery stitched in myriad colors by skilled artisans. Despite this international acclaim, the pashmina artisans dwell in impoverished conditions and face the ever-growing challenges of power looms. This research article is a study of the social and economic barriers that contribute to the dire living conditions of the active Kashmiri pashmina artisans. Along with examining the deteriorating work condition of the artisans, this paper also looks at how these circumstances have a long-lasting impact on the pashmina shawl industry, thus leading to the degradation of an art form altogether. Finally, this paper studies the declining living conditions of the pashmina artisans by analyzing the data collected through a qualitative study incorporating cultural mapping tools like interviews, personal narratives, and literature review. The sample for the study was collected from Kashmir Haat, Srinagar, Kashmir by the researcher through interviews and discussions. 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Biowaste-based porous carbon nanoparticle doped polymer dispersed ferroelectric liquid crystal composites: an impact on optical and electrical properties
Bio-waste-based porous carbon nanoparticles (PCNPs) were synthesized using green synthesis and investigated their doping effect on the optical and electrical properties of polymer-dispersed ferroelectric liquid crystals (PDFLCs) composites. Here we employed the polymerization-induced phase separation (PIPS) approach for constructing the PDFLCs. Our results indicate that the dispersion of PCNPs into the PDFLC material results in an alteration to several physical parameters, including morphology, dielectric permittivity, conductivity and optical band gap. A decrease in the ac conductivity of the doped samples was seen. Additionally, UV-Visible study reveals that inclusion of PCNPs resulted in a decrease in the optical band gap of PDFLC, with a value of approximately 3.1 eV. These findings demonstrate the potential of using PCNPs as dopants in PDFLCs for various applications, including sensing, energy storage and optoelectronics. 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Indian Budget 2022: A Make-or-Break Moment for Cryptocurrency
People are liable to the tax rate if they transfer digital assets during a specific fiscal year. There is no distinction between income from businesses and investments or between short-term and long-term gains because the 30% tax rate is applicable regardless of the sort of income. By clearly stating how it would be charged, the Indian budget 2022 has provided some direction. Losses were consequently experienced by both new and old cryptocurrency buyers. Under Section 115 BBH, it is illegal to offset cryptocurrency losses with cryptocurrency gainsor any other gains or revenue, for that matter. The implementation of the 30% tax rule on digital assets has caused the collapse of the cryptocurrency market, and there is a possibility that investors will continue to suffer losses in the future. 2023 P. Nanjundan et al.,. -
Extremal reformulated forgotten index of trees, unicyclic and bicyclic graphs
The reformulated forgotten index (RF) is the edge version of the ordinary forgotten index. We describe graph transformations, by means of which RF increases or decreases. Using these transformations, the trees, unicyclic, and bicyclic graphs extremal w.r.t. RF are characterized. 2024, University of Nis. All rights reserved. -
Numerical simulation of unsteady MHD bio-convective flow of viscous nanofluid through a stretching surface
The current flow model is prepared to explore the characteristics of heat and mass transfer through a time-dependent bio-convection slip flow of viscous nanofluid moving over a porous radiative stretched surface model. The outset of bio-thermal convection in a suspension comprising gyrotactic microorganisms and nanoparticles is considered along with radiation and velocity slip. The presence of these nanoparticles and their motion within the nanofluid gives rise to thermophoresis as well as the Brownian motion phenomena and the consideration of these aspects in the model gives realistic results. Moreover, the present model includes the collective influence of the aligned magnetic field, heat source, and mass suction on the boundary. The similarity analysis has been carried out to transform the basic model equations into nonlinear dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs) which are solved numerically using the bvp4c technique in MATLAB. Some reasonable values have been assigned to the flow parameters based on the above different conditions which provide various graphical results. Certain finding states that velocity and temperature respectively decrease and increase as the aligned magnetic field angle is scaled up, whereas the nano particles concentration strengthens with the amplifying values of convection diffusion and thermophoresis parameter and slumps with the rising values of Brownian motion parameter and Schmidt number respectively. Moreover, the concentration of microorganism and nano particles diminishes with the rising values of Schmidt number, as well as the improvement of convection diffusion parameter and Schmidt number magnifies the Sherwood number. The local density of motile microorganisms reduces with the improvement of stretching parameter and bio-convection Schmidt respectively. The obtained results have been validated by comparing them with the published literature. 2023 The Authors -
Extrinsic electronic states to tune the luminescence and bonding nature of Cs2NaInCl6 double perovskite
Halide double perovskites have been extensively investigated in recent years as more stable and environmentally friendly materials with significant optoelectronic properties. Herein, we introduce Mn2+ ions in the Cs2NaInCl6 lattice to impart new electronic pathways to the otherwise weak optically active double perovskite for tuning its luminescent behaviour. X-ray diffraction, Raman, UVvisible, Photoluminescence (PL), and timeresolved PL (TRPL) spectroscopy are used to investigate the effect of Mn 2+ feed ratio on structural, vibrational, and optical properties. The chemical environment and surface morphology of the Mn2+ ions doped Cs2NaInCl6 double perovskite were investigated using X-ray photoelectron (XPS), energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) spectroscopies, and scanning electron microscopy. Results of the Rietveld refinement and Raman spectra divulge a decrease in In-Cl and Na-Cl bond length upon Mn2+ incorporation. The microstructure of the Cs2NaInCl6 double perovskite system was also studied using HRTEM analysis. UVvisible studies demonstrated a tremendous increase in absorption and a slight increase in band gap upon Mn2+ doping. PL and TRPL measurements of Mn2+: Cs2NaInCl6 discloses its red luminescence at 614 nm corresponding to the d-d atomic transition of Mn2+ with a long lifetime of 2.1 ms. Electron density investigations using maximum entropy method (MEM) demonstrate clear evolution of In-Cl and Na-Cl bonds from a highly ionic nature in pure Cs2NaInCl6 to strong covalent nature in Mn2+: Cs2NaInCl6 double perovskites. This affirms the simultaneous replacement of In, Na ions by Mn2+ to maintain charge neutrality in the compound and tune the electronic states of the Cs2NaInCl6 system. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
Synergizing Neutrosophy and Randomized Blocks Design: Development and Analytical Insights
The design of the experiment is a strategy for effectively examining the relationship between input design parameters and process output and developing a greater understanding. A randomized block design is an experimental design that has two primary factors and is widely used in agriculture, environment, biological, animal, and food sciences, where experimental material is heterogeneous and precise. In a randomised block design, one or more observations may lose their true significance due to an accident, poor handling, pest infestations in agricultural trials, or other factors. It is prudent to treat this value as missing and estimate it. In todays practical situations, uncertainty and inaccuracies are inevitable in most research areas. It is important to handle such data, which can lead to inaccurate and unreliable results. Neutrosophy is the branch of philosophy that provides an efficient method to study impreciseness among the data. Some of the common sources of Neutrosophy in randomised block design are incorrect blocking factor selection, measurement error, subjective factors, and natural variability. It is paramount to handle the Neutrosophy in a randomised block design; otherwise, it may lead to various problems, like a high risk of false positives. In this paper, the Neutrosophic Randomised Block Design (NRBD) is introduced to tackle data impreciseness. The study also, outlines a methodology for estimating missing observations in NRBD and presents its analysis. Additionally, the study compares the efficiency of NRBD to that of the Neutrosophic Completely Randomised Design (NCRD). 2024, American Scientific Publishing Group (ASPG). All rights reserved. -
Reconfigurable non-uniform band-generating filter bank for channelizer
Multi-band channelizer system must choose a specific channel from a broad bandwidth signal. A variety of distinct wireless standards and frequency bands are used in the channelizer. Reconfigurable and non-uniform multi-channels with narrow transition widths are necessary for channelizers. In this paper, a low complexity reconfigurable non-uniform band-generating filter bank (RNBFB) is proposed for multi-band channelizer. The RNBFB is used to generate a variety of non-uniform channels with a narrow transition width. Utilising frequency response masking (FRM) and the cosine modulation (CM) approach, many non-uniform channels are created. Comparing RNBFB to other state-of-the-art techniques, RNBFB generates multi-bands for channelizer with less multiplier complexities. For a better understanding of hardware complexity, the proposed RNBFB is implemented efficiently. A multiplier-free design such as Canonical Signed Digit (CSD), Multi-Objective Artificial Bee Colony (MOABC), and Shift Inclusive Differential Coefficients (SIDC) with a Common Sub-expression Elimination (CSE) are included in the suggested strategy to further optimise the RNBFB. 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Electrochemical determination of Vitamin B6 using coral-like MnO2-Pi on Ti3C2Tx MXene
MXenes are 2D nanomaterials that are considered the materials of the future generation due to their high electrical conductivity, good biocompatibility, and ease of functionalization. This research work reports the electrochemical sensing of Vitamin B6 using the Manganese dioxide-inorganic phosphate/MXene brush-coated Carbon fiber paper electrode (MnO2-Pi/MXene/CFP) electrode for the first time. The three-dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets consisting of highly ordered, vertically aligned nanosheets with electrochemically deposited MnO2-Pi are capable of yielding a synergistic effect in combination with high electrochemical performance and large surface area of MnO2-Pi. The reported electrochemical sensor exhibited a wide linear dynamic range (0.06650 M) and a low-level detection limit of 0.021 M. An increase in the anodic peak current confirms the rapid transfer of electrons transfer arising between the Ti3C2Tx MXene and MnO2-Pi. The results attained substantiate that the fabricated sensor has enhanced selectivity, reproducibility, and stability toward the electrochemical determination of Vitamin B6 in real samples. 2023 Elsevier Ltd -
Biogenic synthesis of dopamine/carboxymethyl cellulose/TiO2 nanoparticles using Psidium guajavaleaf extract with enhanced antimicrobial and anticancer activities
The green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) has garnered considerable attention from researchers due to its utilization of eco-friendly solvents during synthesis and cost-effective approaches. This study focuses on the synthesis of titanium oxide (TiO2) and dopamine (DA) carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-doped TiO2 (DA/CMC/TiO2) NP using Psidium guajava leaf extract, while also investigating the structural, optical, and morphological and biocidal potential of the prepared NPs. Significantly larger zones of inhibition were observed for DA/CMC/TiO2 NPs compared to TiO2 against various pathogens. Moreover, the MTT assay was carried out to evaluate the anticancer activity of the prepared samples against MG-63 cells, and the results revealed that DA/CMC/TiO2 NPs exhibited significantly higher level of anticancer activity compared to TiO2. The experimental results demonstrated that DA/CMC/TiO2 NPs exhibited enhanced anticancer activity in a dose-dependent manner when compared to TiO2 NPs. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. -
Extended virtual reality based memory enhancement model for autistic children using linear regression
Extended Virtual Reality has expanded its wings to almost each and every sector enabling immersive experience in various fields and has found applications in gamification, learning, healthcare, etc. This technology has aided in providing solutions to various problems in different fields, and healthcare is the most prominent one among them. Children suffering from ASD which is a developmental disorder affecting the brain that impacts how a person perceives external responses, are finding it increasingly difficult to get treated as the treatment methods are tedious. There are very few methods which are regarded as standardized means of treating autistic children but there are a few common traits that can be found in children affected by ASD which can be grouped under three common categories. They are lack of communication skills, lack of basic mathematical knowledge and low levels of remembrance. With the help of Gamification, which provides therapy by means of games to those affected, the kids affected by ASD can be treated, powered by the concept of Extended Virtual Reality. In this paper, we have developed a model to provide autistic children a real world experience of playing games which will help them in enhancing their skills without any external interferences. Children who play these Extended Virtual Reality based games show gradual improvement, for which the results can be facilitated with the help of a Linear Regression model, helping us predict future response times. The proposed model results in enhancement of memory levels of the kids as a result of the game and classifies kids based on their enhancement in memory into high, medium and low. The mean absolute error of the linear regression model is found to be 0.0394. 2024, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to The Society for Reliability Engineering, Quality and Operations Management (SREQOM), India and The Division of Operation and Maintenance, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden. -
Study of the structural, optical, electrical and electrochemical properties of copper oxide thin films synthesized by spray pyrolysis
In our present study we focus on characterizing copper oxide (CuO) thin films synthesized at various substrate temperatures and to assess the electrochemical performance of the optimized sample. The spray pyrolysis method was used to fabricate CuO thin film samples, with the substrate temperatures ranging from 250 to 400C. The coatings underwent characterization through different analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Hall effect measurements. All the thin film samples were confirmed to have a monoclinic phase. The presence of Cu=O was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. All the samples exhibited P type conductivity except the one synthesized at 400C. Galvanostatic chargedischarge studies revealed a pseudocapacitive nature for the optimized sample synthesized at 350C. The symmetrical charging and discharging curves imply excellent material reversibility, indicating long-term cyclic stability. The Nyquist plot exhibited a semicircle at high frequencies, representing the materials intrinsic resistance and a linear behavior at low frequencies, depicting the ion transfer resistance. The electrode demonstrated favorable electrochemical properties and potential use of the material in supercapacitor applications. 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Thermal optimisation through the stratified bioconvective jetflow of nanofluid
Bioconvection is a fascinating phenomenon observed in various biological systems, where the motion of motile microorganisms generates fluid flow patterns. This article explores the occurrence and characteristics of bioconvection within the context of a jet flow. The study of bioconvection in jet flow involves the interaction between motile microorganisms and the fluid dynamics of the surrounding medium. Microorganisms such as bacteria and algae are known to exhibit directed swimming behavior, which can lead to the formation of dynamic flow structures. Investigating the mechanisms underlying bioconvection in jet flow requires a multidisciplinary approach encompassing fluid dynamics, microbial ecology, and mathematical modeling. Experimental techniques, such as microscopy and particle image velocimetry, along with computational simulations, are employed to analyze the complex interactions between microorganisms and the fluid flow. In this regard, a supportive mathematical model is designed using partial differential equations (PDEs) which are later transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The resulting system of equations is solved using the RKF-45 method and the outcomes are recorded in tables and graphs. The consideration of thermophoresis has shown a significant impact on the heat and mass transfer of the jet flow and both these profiles are observed to increase with thermophoresis. Meanwhile, the Schmidt number decrease their respective mass profiles. Furthermore, the porosity is found to create a drag force which tends to oppose the fluid flow. 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Symmetric Supercapacitors based on Reduced Graphene Oxide/Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes/Cobalt Oxide Ternary Composites
Ternary nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide/multi-walled carbon nanotubes/cobalt oxide nanoparticles (rGO/MWCNT/Co3O4) were synthesized employing a facile hydrolysis method with subsequent heat treatment. The good electrical conductivity and remarkable carrier mobility of rGO and MWCNTs make them a suitable matrix for hybrid supercapacitors, and their composites with metal oxides exhibit enhanced electrochemical properties due to the advantages of the synergistic contribution and the integration of different dimensionalities. The binary counterparts of Co3O4 with GO or MWCNTs were also produced using the same technique to gain additional insight into the characteristics of the individual components. The structural and morphological properties of the composites were analyzed using various analytical techniques. The electrochemical behaviors of the prepared composites were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic chargedischarge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 1 M H2SO4. A platinum electrode modified with the rGO/MWCNT/Co3O4 composite displayed a remarkable specific capacitance of 922 F g?1 at a current density of 1 A g?1 composite with a negligible capacitance drop after 2000 cycles. The symmetric supercapacitor fabricated using the rGO/MWCNT/Co3O4 composite showed an energy density of 32.2 Wh Kg?1 at 1 A g?1, and the corresponding power density was 2000 W Kg?1. The supercapacitor fabricated using the composite displayed 83% capacitance retention after 2000 cycles at 3 A g?1 composite. 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.