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Golden Insights: Analyzing the Influence of Economic Indicators on Sovereign Gold Bond Performance in India
India has been the leading consumers of gold with the consumption of around 774 metric tons in 2022. The demand for gold in India is majorly associated with its culture, tradition, attractiveness, and the source for financial security (GJC,n.d.)The gold market in India plays a vital role in the economy as a stable asset and hedge against inflation due to its ability to hold value over time. In order to limit the import of gold and reduce the countrys current deficit, the Indian Government introduced Sovereign Gold Bonds in 2015 as a substitute to physical gold. As SGBs export-import values are backed by Reserve Bank of India (RBI) they are considered as an inflation hedging tool. The study aims to examine the effectiveness of SGBs, in the changing economy by understanding the impact of key economic indicators Inflation Rate, Exchange Rate, Per Capita Income, Gold Prices, and GDP Growth Rateon the performance of Sovereign Gold Bonds (SGBs) in India. 36 months observations of the selected macroeconomic variables and series wise released prices are collected for a period starting from September 2021 till August 2024 for the analysis. Descriptive statistics is applied to understand the characteristics of the variables. Further, correlation and ordinary least square method is used to check the existing relationship and impact level of macroeconomic variables on SGBs. Lastly, both long run and short run relationships of these variables are analyzed using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL). 2025, Iquz Galaxy Publisher. All rights reserved. -
Golden orator to tongue cancer survivor: A case study tracing identity transformation through religious coping
The "survivorship" identity corresponds to a collective identity for individuals that have experienced cancer. While medical labels, culture and personal beliefs influence this label, this case report illuminates the journey of integrating the preillness identity to a postrecovery identity through the long-Term survivorship experience of T.J.J, a nonagenarian cancer survivor and Indian priest belonging to the Syrian Marthomite Christian denomination, focusing on how religious coping mechanisms facilitated identity reintegration. Diagnosed with tongue cancer at age 64 years, T.J.J.Transitioned from a renowned orator to a religious writer, reshaping his identity through eudemonic principles of purpose, self-Actualization, and growth. The influence of religious meaning-making, prayer, and communal support is highlighted, which helped cognitively reframe his experience of loss into a transformative experience that fostered psychological security. Implications for public health policies emphasize incorporating religious coping strategies in culturally relevant survivorship programs for better psychosocial outcomes. 2025 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved. -
Good-looking step in bad direction RBI Internal Working Group proposal
Learning outcomes: After discussing this case, the authors expect that the students will have the following learnings: critically analyse the latest Reserve Bank of India (RBI) banking proposal, which was proposed by the Internal Working Group (IWG) in November 2020. Understand concepts such as connected lending, crony capitalism and financial crisis. Have a basic idea about the Banking Regulations Act, 1949 and regulatory framework in the Indian banking sector. Case overview/synopsis: This case is an analysis of the recent RBI proposal on banking regulations in India. The authors have referred secondary data in terms of published papers by stalwarts and experts in the banking and economics field. This case analyses the pros and cons of the IWG proposal to RBI governing body. The case also touches upon interesting banking and macroeconomics concepts. What makes this case interesting is that RBI is open to receive comments from all the stakeholders till January 2021. Complexity academic level: Applicable to undergraduate and postgraduate students studying banking and finance specialisation in commerce and business management streams. Supplementary materials: Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code: CSS 1: Accounting and Finance. 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Goodness of fit test for Rayleigh distribution with censored observations
We develop new goodness of fit tests for Rayleigh distribution based on fixed point characterization. We use U-Statistic theory to derive the test statistics. First we develop a test for complete data and then discuss, how the right censored observations can be incorporated in the testing procedure. The asymptotic properties of the test statistic in both uncensored and censored cases are studied in detail. Extensive Monte Carlo simulation studies are carried out to validate the performance of the proposed tests. We illustrate the procedures using real data sets. We also provide, a goodness of fit test for the standard Rayleigh distribution based on jackknife empirical likelihood. 2023, Korean Statistical Society. -
Governance models and regulatory mechanisms in employee-owned businesses: A global perspective
The concept of stakeholder capitalism is gaining prominence as businesses increasingly recognize the importance of aligning the interests of all stakeholders, including employees, with the long-term success of the company. This research paper explores the current trends in employee stock ownership within the framework of stakeholder capitalism. It examines how modern ESO are being designed and implemented to foster a sense of ownership, and drive corporate performance. Through a comprehensive review of recent case studies, industry reports, and academic literature, the paper identifies key factors contributing to the effectiveness of employee stock ownership in various sectors. It also analyzes the impact of regulatory changes and evolving corporate governance practices on the adoption and success of these programs. The findings highlight the benefits and challenges associated with employee stock ownership, Thee paper concludes with recommendations for policymakers and business leaders to optimize ESO frameworks. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Government is trying but consumers are not buying: A barrier analysis for electric vehicle sales in India
It is a harsh fact that the introduction of various government schemes to push electric vehicle (EV) utilisation does not seem to appeal to the consumers. There are a few barriers that prevent consumers from purchasing EVs. Thus, in the present study, we have tried to identify and analyse the prominent barriers to the adoption of EVs by scrutinising the existing literature and defining new barriers. From the literature review, 35 barriers have been initially identified in the context of the Indian market. The study uses the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) approach for its analysis. The prominence and causal relationship analyses indicate that familial factors that hinder the decision to buy an EV and unclear government policies regarding EVs were the primary concerns with regard to these vehicles getting traction in the market. The results of this study illustrate the causal relationships amongst the identified barriers. On the other hand, the study reveals that the pricing of the EVs is not a major issue and that the consumers are more concerned about the availability of maintenance support post purchasing of the vehicles. 2021 Institution of Chemical Engineers -
Government spending and lower secondary education completion in Asia: A cross-national analysis
This paper examines the influence of government expenditure on lower secondary education completion rates across 35 Asian countries, using 2019 data from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Despite global commitments to equitable education, regional disparities in funding and outcomes persist. Employing a cross-sectional correlational design, the study identifies a weak, statistically nonsignificant association (r = 0.26, p = 0.122) between government education spending and completion rates. These findings suggest that while funding remains a critical input, its impact may be limited without concurrent investments in education quality, governance, and equity. Key limitations include reliance on single-year data, absence of control variables, and structural inefficiencies across national systems. The study advocates for more nuanced public investment strategies that emphasize targeted interventions, data-driven policymaking, and inclusive financing to align national efforts with Sustainable Development Goals. These insights are relevant for ministries of education, international organizations, and donors seeking to strengthen education systems and promote equitable access across Asia. 2025 Elsevier Ltd -
Government Support and Policies
Government interventions play a crucial role in nurturing technopreneurship and advancing sustainability. The proposed chapter explains the significance of governmental support in bridging the financial, infrastructural, and knowledge gaps that technopreneurs face. It categorizes the types of support into financial aid, regulatory frameworks, infrastructure development, and educational programs, providing a structured overview of each. A detailed analysis of policy frameworks that foster innovation and sustainability is presented, supported with global examples such as the United States Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program, Israels Innovation Authority, Indias Digital India Initiative and Germanys High-Tech Strategy 2025. These examples illustrate how strategic policies can catalyse technological advancements and economic growth. The chapter further includes case studies from diverse regions, showcasing successful policy implementations and their tangible impacts. These case studies offer practical insights and best practices, demonstrating how tailored policies can create robust technopreneurial ecosystems. Finally, the chapter addresses the challenges in policy implementation and offers recommendations for future directions, emphasizing the need for adaptive, inclusive, and collaborative policy approaches. This comprehensive exploration aims to provide policymakers, academicians, and technopreneurs with valuable knowledge on leveraging government support for sustainable technopreneurial success. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Rajender Kumar, Rahul Sindhwani, Raman Kumar, Punj Lata Singh, and J. Paulo Davim. -
Government Support Mechanism in Perishable Food Supply Chain: A Transition from Sustainability to Circularity
The transition from sustainability to circularity within the food supply chain (FSC) is intricate and multifaceted. Governmental efforts involve educating the perishable food sector about the advantages of circularity. The transition to circularity necessitates a reassessment of current business models and an emphasis on innovative practices. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to identify the potential enablers of government support mechanism in the transition from sustainability to circularity in perishable FSC. Furthermore, the study ranks the enablers according to their respective significance, adopting fuzzy simple additive weighting (SAW) method. Fuzzy SAW approach is selected as it can handle uncertainty and vagueness in the decision-making process, which is common when dealing with qualitative factors and subjective judgments. The study evaluates seven alternatives in relation to four criteria using the fuzzy SAW method. The findings from the study highlight fostering collaborative partnerships, innovative infrastructural support, and enforcing regulations and standards as the top three ranked enablers. The study contributes to the existing literature on sustainability and circularity in FSCs. The results from the study can assist the industry in focusing efforts on circularity and help businesses align practices with government policies. 1973-2011 IEEE. -
Government's Initiative to Promote Sustainable Finance and Addressing ESG Issues
In recent years governments worldwide have highly focused on sustainable finance to have an overall growth of the economy while addressing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) issues as a long-term strategy towards a green economy by reducing carbon footprints and ensuring long-term financial stability. This paper analyses key regulations that the government and various financial institutions have set up for multiple companies to reshape markets and grow the economy. It also reflects various impacts of certain agreements that have happened universally and their importance. The information is collected by getting insight from the doc-uments, press releases, and other information sources released on government sites and other reliable sources. Also, considering various case studies it examines how countries have implemented ESG policies (with its prime focus on India). Moreover, this paper helps to find any gaps in these regulations designed by the government. It finds out the impact of these policies on the overall economy and makes people aware of Government releases. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
GPR based subsurface geotechnical exploration
The Seismic refraction technique (SRT) and Electrical resistivity technique (ERT) have long been in use in geotechnical exploration. A relatively recent technique is Ground penetrating radar (GPR). The study presented in this paper is on GPR-aided geotechnical subsurface exploration. The usual method of exploration is drilling, which gives much-needed site-specific information, but is expensive and restricted to a few point locations. The possibilities of non-invasive investigation offered by GPR make it useful for supplementing geotechnical investigations. The present work describes GPR survey at a construction site in Mumbai. The objective was to derive subsurface logs from GPR signals. Conventionally, subsurface logging is done using boreholes. First, the extracted soil and rock samples are examined visually. Second, additional information such as Core recovery ratios (CRR), Rock quality designation (RQD) and Standard penetration test (SPT) N values are collected and strata are demarcated. In comparison, the amplitude variations of GPR signals may not correspond directly to variations of these physical properties with depth. However, the study shows that fairly good correlations do exist with the subsurface stratification and transformed signals. -
GraCoD: a disruptive graph-aware drift detection algorithm with a GCN-based time-varying module for concept drift detection in short text streams
Detection of concept drift in time-varying short text streams has numerous challenges since the data are volatile. According to research, 30% to 40% of the traditional drift detection methods are not able to detect change of the concept in the text stream and, therefore, produce high false positives and slow response time. To address the above issues, the proposed Graph based Concept Drift Detection (GraCoD) method suggests a novel concept drift detection (CoD) framework. GraCoD uses ConvBERT with Hopfield layers and temporal convolution to capture linguistic context and temporal dependencies. The model constructs a graph representation of text data using a text GCN with Time Varying Spatio Temporal-Graph Attention Module (TVST-GAT) and uses the Graph Aware Drift Detection Algorithm (GADD) to classify the change in the graph metrics such as node centrality and edge density. The approach is more helpful and effective than the traditional approaches of detecting the occurrence of drift. To react to the detected drifts proactively, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is merged with Deep Q-Learning to automatically adapt parameters and behaviors based on the outcomes of detected drifts. The severity and classification modules detect the severity and classify the detected drifts for further investigation. The proposed model demonstrates exceptional performance in CoD across five diverse datasets: Twitter datasets 1 and 2, Enron, News 20, and Amazon Reviews. It achieves high accuracy (98.7%-99.5%) and F1-scores (96%-98%), with low false positive (0.020.04) and false negative (0.010.03) rates. The model effectively identifies 2329 drifts, with drift indicators ranging from 81.3% to 86.6%, showcasing its robustness in handling dynamic data streams across various domains. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
Grading of Apples Using Multiple Features
Apple is the most demanding food product that has the utmost importance when it comes to drupes. Food is the very basic necessity for our survival. Every new day brings a change, and the demand for a better quality is no greed. Quality food benefits the health of the living beings, and thus, it increases the economic growth of our country. There is a huge possibility that identifying the different varieties of apples is quite a tedious job for these traders and time consuming. Generally, identification is done manually by the very three basic senses: sight, hearing and smell. In the proposed work, an image processing technique is used to differentiate between the varieties of apples such that the manual process can be eliminated. Commercially available seven varieties of apple with various size, shape and color are considered to create database. Apples are purchased from different places across Karnataka, India to create the database. Various spatial and frequency domain based features are extracted from the images of apple. Naive Bayes, Random Forest and Multilayer perceptron (MLP) classifiers are used and got motivating results. An average accuracy of 78.47% is obtained using methods like Fourier Transform and Discrete Cosine Transform. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Grading of facial emotions using multimodal approach /
Patent Number: 202141020173, Applicant: Mr Praveen Kulkarni.
Emotion analysis is an area which is been widely used in forensic crime detection domain, mentoring device for depressed students, psychologically affected patient treatment. Although significant work has been done in this area, the current system helps only in identifying the emotions but not in identifying the level of emotions like whether an individual is truly happy/sad or pretending to be happy/sad. -
Grading of Red Chilli, Cardamom and Coriander Using Image Processing
Indian cuisine is known for its wide range of spices. Spices are known as the heart and soul of Indian food. Traditionally, categories are identified based on certain chemical technology or with the help of senses gifted to mankind. In this paper, an image processing technique used to extract multiple features is presented to determine the various categories of spices consumed. This proposed work uses different varieties of common Indian spices such as Capsicum annuum (dry red chilli), Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom) and Coriandrum Sativum (coriander). While creating the image dataset, different categories of all spices were taken from southern region of India. Features are extracted from the manually created image dataset, which forms the base for classification. The result obtained using Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Naive Bayes and Random Forest classifier is found to be optimal. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
GRAFFITI AS AN ART FORM USED IN MUSIC VIDEOS OF THE BAND COLDPLAY
The study is based on the analysis of the content of two videos in the popular British band - Coldplay. The two songs taken into account are ??Every Teardrop is a Waterfall and ??Hurts like Heaven. The visual content in these songs involves a lot of graffiti art which complement the wordings of the song and go along with the beats of the music. To gain more knowledge on the visual element used in videos and find out the reason for the use of the elements in these videos, to come to a conclusion which explains the audio and video of the song by the band and also to understand how it enhances the feel of the song in a better way, the researcher goes into detail and explains the significance and use of the elements (visuals, lyrics) in the songs ??Every Teardrop is a Waterfall and ??Hurts like Heaven by Coldplay with the aid of the required research methods. The method used to study Graffiti as an art form used in music videos of the popular band Coldplay is Qualitative method which helps in getting a detailed conclusion. The researcher adopts an in-depth analysis of the songs and their visual content (graffiti art). The study is validated with the help of experts opinions through interviews and secondary data like books, journals and online material. After the analysis of the music videos with the help of expert opinions, it is interpreted to come to specific findings. Use of journals, books and online material provide facts about the origin and development of the types of music, graffiti art and visuals. This leads to a better understanding of concepts involved in the study and bring in more credibility. -
Grain-growth engineering and mechanical properties of physical-vapour-deposited InSe platelets
The present work demonstrates a novel use of physical vapour deposition for grain-growth engineering by optimizing supersaturation, which led to the evolution of stoichiometric indium monoselenide crystals, employing a custom-fabricated dual-zone furnace. The growth zone was kept at a constant temperature for different experimental runs (673-883K), while the source zone was kept at a stable temperature of 1123K. In this way, the temperature difference ?T = 240-450K resulted in a significant increase of the mass transport between the zones so as to accomplish bulk crystallization. At comparatively low supersaturation (?T = 240K), the presence of nodules and flakes was observed. When ?T = 250K, multiple grains were formed owing to temperature asymmetry at the rough vapour-solid interface. A further increase in supersaturation (?T = 330K) facilitated polyhedral grain growth, with distinct grain boundaries. A subsequent increment in ?T (400K) led to evolution of the polycrystalline morphology to well developed hexagonal platelets owing to adsorption of atoms on surface steps and kinks in accordance with the leading-edge growth mechanism. Energy-dispersive analysis by X-rays and X-ray diffraction experiments were carried out to confirm the structure and phase of crystals. Microindentation studies were done to assess the hardness and mechanical stability of the as-grown crystals in response to external loads in order to explore their suitability for solar cell applications. The investigations of bulk vapour phase transport, morphology and strengthening of InSe platelets provide pathways for the production of crystalline textures with versatile properties. International Union of Crystallography 2017. -
Grandparenting in Urban Bangalore, India: Support and Involvement From the Standpoint of Young Adult University Students
A variety of caregivers, including grandparents, help raise children. Among grandparents, most Western samples evidence a matrilateral (i.e., mothers kin) bias in caregiving, and many studies show more positive impacts and stronger relationships with grandmothers than grandfathers. The aim of the present study is to test competing hypotheses about a potential laterality bias and explore contrasts between grandmothers and grandfathers in a sample of urban young adult university students in Bangalore, India. A sample of 377 (252 women) relatively mobile and high socioeconomic status individuals 17 to 25 years of age completed a survey consisting of sociodemographic and grandparenting questions. Results reveal generally little evidence of either a patrilateral or matrilateral bias, though findings varied for some outcomes. As illustrations, there were no differences in residential proximity or the most recent time when a participant saw matrilateral or patrilateral grandparents, whereas maternal grandmothers were more approving of ones choice of a life partner than were paternal grandmothers. In inductively coded responses to an open-ended item about the roles of grandparents, maternal grandmothers were more often identified as guides and less often deemed non-significant than paternal grandmothers, while paternal grandfathers were less often viewed as guardians and more often noted for their influence compared with maternal grandparents. Findings also revealed differences between grandmothers and grandfathers, such as grandmothers playing more prominent roles in community and religious festivals. Findings are interpreted within changing residential, work, education, and family dynamics in urban India as well as a primary importance on parents relative to grandparents. The Author(s) 2019. -
Graph Convolutional Networks for Predicting Postpartum Depression: A Symptom-Based Analysis
Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a serious mental health condition affecting new mothers and aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3: Good Health and Well-being, which stresses early detection and intervention. This research investigates the use of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs)specifically, Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs)to predict PPD by modeling the interdependencies among symptoms. A preprocessed dataset of 1,503 records was utilized, involving categorical encoding, missing value imputation, and feature standardization to enhance model reliability. The GCN model was built using a K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)-based graph structure, enabling the network to learn intricate relationships between symptoms. Experimental results showed that the GCN achieved an accuracy of 89%, identifying key predictors such as trouble sleeping, guilt, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and anxiety. The use of SHAP explainability tools further validated these predictors, enhancing interpretability and revealing the models decision-making process. While traditional models like Random Forest achieved higher classification accuracy (95%), GCN offered valuable insights into the underlying structure and relationships among symptoms, supporting its potential in mental health diagnostics. Future work may explore hybrid architectures and larger datasets to further improve the models predictive performance and contribute to AI-driven early screening strategies for PPD. 2025 IEEE. -
Graph Neural Networks in Recommendation Systems for Superior User Experiences
Recommender systems are now an essential tool for traversing huge amounts of online information, especially as user tastes change in dynamic settings. They can be classified into different types based on their use, such as collaborative filtering and content-based recommendation. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), however, are best suited to learn from graph-structured data and have become a revolutionary technology in building recommendation systems based on their capacity to capture intricate relationships and dependencies in graph-structured data. Unlike traditional methods, GNN-based recommendation systems capture both local and global connectivity patterns in user-item interaction graphs, enhancing prediction accuracy and robustness. This study looks at key types of Graph Neural Networks, known as GNNs, and includes Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs), Graph Attention Networks (GATs), and GraphSAGE. Each type is good at tackling specific challenges like making personalized recommendations, handling cold-start problems, and managing large-scale data effectively. Big companies across different industries are using GNNs to enhance their services. For example, e-commerce giants like Amazon and Alibaba, and streaming platforms like Netflix and Spotify, use these networks to boost user engagement and satisfaction. The study also covers strategies for applying GNNs. This includes constructing user-item bipartite graphs, including domain-specific features, and employing contrastive learning methods to improve functionality. By combining theoretical concepts with real-world usage, we hope to offer an informed view of GNNs in recommendation systems. In addition, metrics like Precision, Recall, and Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (nDCG), providing implementable recommendations for future development in this fast-moving field, will be addressed. 2026 by John Wiley & Sons Inc. All rights reserved.