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A review on serverless architectures-Function as a service (FaaS) in cloud computing
Emergence of cloud computing as the inevitable IT computing paradigm, the perception of the compute reference model and building of services has evolved into new dimensions. Serverless computing is an execution model in which the cloud service provider dynamically manages the allocation of compute resources of the server. The consumer is billed for the actual volume of resources consumed by them, instead paying for the pre-purchased units of compute capacity. This model evolved as a way to achieve optimum cost, minimum configuration overheads, and increases the application's ability to scale in the cloud. The prospective of the serverless compute model is well conceived by the major cloud service providers and reflected in the adoption of serverless computing paradigm. This review paper presents a comprehensive study on serverless computing architecture and also extends an experimentation of the working principle of serverless computing reference model adapted by AWS Lambda. The various research avenues in serverless computing are identified and presented. Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. -
A Review on Synchronization and Localization of Devices in WSN
Wireless sensor networks are communication networks that deal with sensor devices that are wirelessly interconnected in order to collect and forward data between different environments. Network scaling of small sensor devices with all its limitations has a foolproof scope for future applications. The advantage of minimal infrastructural cost and applicability within challenging environments make it an attractive choice. Statistics have been shown to prove the demand for research for synchronization and localization as a research problem. WSNs are capable of dynamically building virtual infrastructure and getting synchronized with the rhythm of communication setup. Limitations in the amount of energy that can be utilized make it a necessity for the networks to be more optimal in terms of energy consumption. These challenges necessitate the need to study and analyze the recent advancements implemented in approaching synchronization and localization problems. This paper reviews recent research proposals and methodologies to identify related attributes and their relation to the system. A detailed comparative study is conducted to identify relevant patterns that influence the performance of the networks in terms of energy consumption. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
A review on synthetic approaches towards kavalactones
Kavalactones are classes of ?-pyrone and 5,6-dihydropyrone derivatives showing various biological activities, and numerous approaches have been reported for the preparation of these molecules. In this review, we discuss the different synthetic approaches towards these naturally occurring lactones, in both racemic and enantiomerically pure forms, that have been reported in the literature to date. It is hoped that this review will assist researchers in the development of additional and efficient synthetic routes towards kavalactones. 1 Introduction 2 Synthetic Approaches for the Preparation of Kavalactones 3 Conclusion. 2021. Thieme. -
A review on the efficacy of artificial intelligence for managing anxiety disorders
Anxiety disorders are psychiatric conditions characterized by prolonged and generalized anxiety experienced by individuals in response to various events or situations. At present, anxiety disorders are regarded as the most widespread psychiatric disorders globally. Medication and different types of psychotherapies are employed as the primary therapeutic modalities in clinical practice for the treatment of anxiety disorders. However, combining these two approaches is known to yield more significant benefits than medication alone. Nevertheless, there is a lack of resources and a limited availability of psychotherapy options in underdeveloped areas. Psychotherapy methods encompass relaxation techniques, controlled breathing exercises, visualization exercises, controlled exposure exercises, and cognitive interventions such as challenging negative thoughts. These methods are vital in the treatment of anxiety disorders, but executing them proficiently can be demanding. Moreover, individuals with distinct anxiety disorders are prescribed medications that may cause withdrawal symptoms in some instances. Additionally, there is inadequate availability of face-to-face psychotherapy and a restricted capacity to predict and monitor the health, behavioral, and environmental aspects of individuals with anxiety disorders during the initial phases. In recent years, there has been notable progress in developing and utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) based applications and environments to improve the precision and sensitivity of diagnosing and treating various categories of anxiety disorders. As a result, this study aims to establish the efficacy of AI-enabled environments in addressing the existing challenges in managing anxiety disorders, reducing reliance on medication, and investigating the potential advantages, issues, and opportunities of integrating AI-assisted healthcare for anxiety disorders and enabling personalized therapy. Copyright 2024 Das and Gavade. -
A review on the electrochemical behavior of graphenetransition metal oxide nanocomposites for energy storage applications
Electrochemical energy storage devices like supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries require an improvement in their performance at the commercial level. Among them, supercapacitors are beneficial in sustainable nanotechnologies for energy conversion and storage systems and have high power rates compared to batteries. High chemical and mechanical stability, huge electrical conductivity, and high specific surface area have been beneficial for selecting graphene as a supercapacitor electrode material. The excellent properties of transition metal oxides are accountable for the application in the field of energy storage. The synergistic effects of the composites of graphene derivatives with transition metal oxides will boost the performance of the devices. Recently, several studies have been done for developing supercapacitor electrodes with these nanocomposites. This review article presents an analysis of the performance of these nanocomposites with an overview of their specific capacitance, energy density, and cycling stability for supercapacitor electrode application. A brief introduction of the theory and experimental analysis of supercapacitors is also given. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
A review on the immunomodulatory properties of functional nutraceuticals as dietary interventions for children to combat COVID-19 related infections
COVID-19 is a significant threat to humanity in the present day due to the rapid increase in the number of infections worldwide. While most children may be spared of the direct mortality effects of the disease, those with weak immune systems are prone to adverse effects. Child mortality increases due to the stress caused to the health care system that disrupts essential health care needs such as immunisation and antenatal care. The use of functional foods (FF) aids in disease-prevention as they are known to have protective effects against COVID-19 by boosting childrens cellular and humoral immunity. Plant components such as glycyrrhizin, epigallocatechin gallate, allicin, and fucoidan exhibit antiviral properties against various viruses, including SARS-CoV 2. Microbial foods that are made of probiotics, can enhance immunity against various respiratory viruses. Food enriched with additives such as lactoferrin, piperine, and zinc can boost immunity against COVID-19. With proper definitive drug therapy not available for treating COVID-19 and most of the disease management tools rely on symptoms and non-specific supportive care, developing a functional paediatric formulation will prevent further deterioration in infant health. It is wise to investigate the toxicological aspects of Functional Foods components especially when formulating for children. The safe limits of ingredients should be strictly followed during FFs formulation. Stronger regulations with advanced analytical techniques can help to formulate functional foods into the mainstream in child nutraceuticals. The purpose of this review is to compile collective information on the functional nutraceuticals specifically for infants and children up to the age of 10 years that could confer immunity against COVID-19 and other related viruses. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. 2023, The Author(s). -
A review on the scope of using calcium fluoride as a multiphase coating and reinforcement material for wear resistant applications
Solid lubricants play a vital role in the smooth and safe operation of many tribological industrial applications like cutting and forming tools, rolling and sliding contact bearings, gears, cams and protective coating in gas turbine engines for aerospace applications. Generally liquid lubricants are widely used for reducing the friction between the contacting parts which reduce the wear rate and increase the life of the parts. However, these liquid lubricants become useless when they are exposed to high temperature, high pressure and vacuum environmental conditions. Solid lubricants are those materials that can suitably reduce the friction and wear between the contacting or sliding surfaces that are in extreme environments like low and high temperature and pressure. Among the different types of solid lubricants, calcium fluoride is widely used owing to its excellent lubricity at elevated temperature. This paper initially describes the criteria for selecting solid lubricant and provides a comprehensive summary on calcium fluoride solid lubricant which can be used as a coating material in various high temperature metal and ceramic matrix composites for wear resistant applications. Further, investigations related to the selection of optimized coating parameters, synerging multiphase solid lubricants and soft metals with optimal percentage, selection of filler materials, mismatch in coefficient of thermal expansion and its impact on coating life are summarised and discussed. Finally, the scope of synthesizing calcium fluoride solid lubricant from discarded eggshell powders is explored. 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
A Review on Utilization of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) Toward Green and Circular Economy
Globally, policy makers have realized the significance of infrastructure development with respect to safety and environment-friendly approach. This has resulted in reuse and recycling initiatives in various industries including construction and building sector. Further, it is imperative to understand new techniques and methods to improve the effectiveness of recycling, keeping environment and carbon emissions in check. Recently, utilization of construction and demolition waste (CDW) as precursors in synthesizing alkali-activated and geopolymer binders have caught attention of researchers as green building material. This review paper discusses the findings of the latest research and promotes the use of CDW as a potential starting or precursor material in alkali-activated or geopolymer concrete toward green and circular economy. If processed appropriately, CDW can be used to produce environment-friendly binders that can reduce our dependence on conventional binders like Portland cement, thus promoting recycling in sustainable and eco-friendly manner. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
A Revised Study of Stability Issues in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks
Adhoc or short live network has developed tremendously in the recent time, which can work without any access point or mobile towers. That means it is an infrastructure less network. Mobile Ad-hoc Networks can be referred as MANETs. The locations can be changed, and it can discover the path dynamically. In other words, the nodes move dynamically leading to the update of the topology, frequent change in topology, optimization of routing and fading the interference of multiuser are few issues connected with MANETs that affects the efficiency of the data transfer. The purpose of this survey is to reveal the various types of mechanisms which can be used to resolve the problem of routing performance related issues in MANETs. This paper also presents the classification of link stability, route repair and stable path algorithms in tabular format. 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
A Revitalising Approach towards Aging: Unveiling the Potential Use of Probiotics for Wellness in Elderly Populations
Probiotics have emerged as a potential alternative for treating various diseases affecting general population. Mounting data suggests that probiotics can be beneficial for older individuals, who often have weakened immune systems and are more susceptible to illnesses. Dysbiosis commonly occurs in elderly individuals, which is implicated as a major reason for various diseases. The effectiveness of probiotics is influenced by the specific strain and the dosage administered. Extensive studies have shown how probiotics affect prevalent issues, such as functional bowel diseases and other gastrointestinal disorders. Probiotics exert their effects by synthesizing different microbial peptides, such as bacteriocins, antibiotics, lipopolysaccharides, short-chain fatty acids, butyric acid, propionic acid and other specific secretory metabolites. The common probiotics that are found to benefit the health of elderly populations include Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium breve Further research is necessary to delve into the mechanism of action for both existing and novel probiotic strains for use in combating or aiding in diseases. Genetically, modified probiotics can be potentially used in the future to deliver immunity-restoring genes and as oral mode of vaccination in humans. Fecal microbiota transplantation has been gaining interest, used to restore gut conditions, and has also been linked to alleviating neurodegenerative diseases. The focus of this review was to present the available evidence on the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics in the elderly population; aiming to gain a better understanding of their mechanism of action and to assess the progress made in utilizing probiotics as therapeutic interventions. 2023 JHSMR. Hosted by Prince of Songkla University. All rights reserved. -
A Revocable Multi-Authority Attribute Based Encryption Scheme Based On Nonlinear Access Policy
Due to the tremendous increase of data, currently individuals and organizations are increasingly opting to store their data with third-party providers as a solution to their storage issues. Ciphertext Policy Attribute Based Encryption facilitates data outsourcing by encrypting the data at the source and uploading it to a third-party storage provider with some restricted access which is mentioned using access policy. In classical Identity-based Encryption (IBE), when a data owner needs to transmit a message to a data user, they would send it together with the data user's specific identity, such as their email address. This ensures that only the intended recipient can access and read the message. The primary issue is that the data owner must possess knowledge of the identity of each user. Other than the traditional IBE, a data owner can utilize attribute-based encryption to deliver a message to a group of individuals who have the same attributes. Here, the data owner does not need to be aware of every user's identity; instead, he can send messages using the attributes and access policies that have been provided, such as which users can access this message. This research work primarily focuses on three CP-ABE aspects: access policy, number of attribute authority, and revocation. The current access policies are insecure due to their linear character, as they always calculate shares using the same linear equation. For this particular issue in this work, a non-linear secret sharing model that enhances the security of the model is proposed. For addressing the key escrow problem, a solution using multiauthority systems were introduced. These systems involve multiple attribute authorities, each responsible for holding a specific subset of attributes for each user. And access policy will be based on non-linear secret sharing scheme. In the third aspect related to revocation, this work has addressed both user and attribute revocation so that it will make this model a perfect implementation model in terms of improved security. Some of the existing approach for revocation are re-encryption, periodic updating of ciphertext instead this work used a polynomial called Lagrange polynomial which helps to address this problem in less complex and more efficient way. These features will make the proposed scheme a real model that is secure and can be implement in any organization. -
A road map on nanostructured surface tuning strategies of carbon fiber paper electrode: Enhanced electrocatalytic applications
Impressive characteristics of carbon fiber paper (CFP) electrodes propound greater demand in electrochemical applications. CFP has a network structure composed of interwoven carbon fibers (CFs). The macroporous structure, chemical inertness, high conductivity, low cost, corrosion resistance, good electrical properties, mechanical strength, and self-standing capabilities have led to the large-scale acceptance of CFP. This review appraises the current progress of CFP based electrodes for electrocatalytic applications in the field of electrochemical sensors, electrochemical capacitors, batteries, electro Fenton oxidation, electrooxidation of alcohols, water splitting, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) together with the different fabrication strategies on the CFP substrate in an organized manner. The different modifiers used for surface tuning of CFP addressed in this review are the conducting polymers, carbon-based nanomaterials, transition metal dichalcogenides/phosphides/carbides, and nanostructured metal oxides. 2022 Vietnam National University, Hanoi -
A road map on nanostructured surface tuning strategies of carbon fiber paper electrode: Enhanced electrocatalytic applications /
Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices, Vol.7, Issue 3, ISSN No: 2468-2179.
Impressive characteristics of carbon fiber paper (CFP) electrodes propound greater demand in electrochemical applications. CFP has a network structure composed of interwoven carbon fibers (CFs). The macroporous structure, chemical inertness, high conductivity, low cost, corrosion resistance, good electrical properties, mechanical strength, and self-standing capabilities have led to the large-scale acceptance of CFP. This review appraises the current progress of CFP based electrodes for electrocatalytic applications in the field of electrochemical sensors, electrochemical capacitors, batteries, electro Fenton oxidation, electrooxidation of alcohols, water splitting, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) together with the different fabrication strategies on the CFP substrate in an organized manner. -
A road map on synthetic strategies and applications of biodegradable polymers
Biodegradable polymers have emerged as fascinating materials due to their non-toxicity, environmentally benign nature and good mechanical strength. The toxic effects of non-biodegradable plastics paved way for the development of sustainable and biodegradable polymers. The engineering of biodegradable polymers employing various strategies like radical ring opening polymerization, enzymatic ring opening polymerization, anionic ring opening polymerization, photo-initiated radical polymerization, chemoenzymatic method, enzymatic polymerization, ring opening polymerization and coordinative ring opening polymerization have been discussed in this review. The application of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles in the biomedical field and cosmetic industry is considered to be an emerging field of interest. However, this review mainly highlights the applications of selected biodegradable polymers like polylactic acid, poly(?-caprolactone), polyethylene glycol, polyhydroxyalkanoates, poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and polytrimethyl carbonate in various fields like agriculture, biomedical, biosensing, food packaging, automobiles, wastewater treatment, textile and hygiene, cosmetics and electronic devices. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. -
A road map on synthetic strategies and applications of biodegradable polymers /
Polymer Bulletin, Vol.79, ISSN No: 0170-0839 ( print) 1436-2449 (Online).
Biodegradable polymers have emerged as fascinating materials due to their non-toxicity, environmentally benign nature and good mechanical strength. The toxic effects of non-biodegradable plastics paved way for the development of sustainable and biodegradable polymers. The engineering of biodegradable polymers employing various strategies like radical ring opening polymerization, enzymatic ring opening polymerization, anionic ring opening polymerization, photo-initiated radical polymerization, chemoenzymatic method, enzymatic polymerization, ring opening polymerization and coordinative ring opening polymerization have been discussed in this review. -
A Road to Become Successful in The Fashion Industry of China: A Case Study of Zara
In this research, it was found that Zara is facing issues while maintain its profitability and also while maintaining its large stores. Existing information collected from websites and articles show that Zara provides inferior quality products, does not have factory in China, focuses less on e-commerce activities and contributes directly to environment pollution through waste generation in China. These are reasons that the organization is losing its brand image in China. To improve its current condition, it is recommended that Zara should improve its products, focus more on marketing, develop factories in China and reduce environment pollution. The Electrochemical Society -
A robust explainable machine learning pipeline for transformer health index prediction addressing data pathologies and redundancy
Power transformers are critical infrastructure assets where unexpected failures incur severe technical and economic penalties. This study proposes a robust, explainable machine-learning (ML) pipeline for predicting the transformer Health Index (HI) using routinely collected dissolved gas analysis (DGA) and dielectric measurements. To ensure model reliability, the pipeline specifically addresses data pathologiesnamely extreme skewness and heavy tailsusing YeoJohnson transformations, while mitigating multicollinearity through hierarchical correlation clustering (|r| ? 0.85) followed by a Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) screening (VIF ? 5). Four high-performance ensemblesRandom Forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoostwere optimized via randomized cross-validation. Experimental results on a dataset of 470 records demonstrate consistent generalization across all models (RMSE ? 0.022), with Random Forest providing superior accuracy (MAPE ? 1.24%). A Taylor diagram confirmed consistent generalization (correlation ? 0.730.78 and matched variance), while residual analysis showed minimal bias. SHAP explanations indicated that dibenzyl disulfide (DBDS) and interfacial tension (Interfacial V) were the most influential positive drivers of HI; water content tended to depress HI; and several gases (e.g., methane, hydrogen, acetylene, CO) contributed positively at higher concentrations. The proposed workflow was robust to skew/heavy tails and multicollinearity, required no feature scaling, and produced transparent, practitioner-ready insights that support condition-based maintenance at fleet scale. 2026 Elsevier B.V. -
A Robust Model for Quantum-Resistant Cryptography to Tackle Quantum Risks
As quantum computing advances, conventional cryptographic algorithms face developing threats, necessitating the improvement of quantum-resistant security mechanisms. Winternitz One-Time Signature (WOTS) is a promising cryptographic scheme that offers robust resistance in competition to quantum attacks. This paper explores the software of WOTS in enhancing the protection of digital communications and information integrity in a quantum computing generation. By manner of analysing the fundamental standards, sensible implementations, and ability demanding situations of WOTS, this research dreams to provide insights into its effectiveness as a quantum-resistant protection solution. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
A Sampling-Based Stack Framework for Imbalanced Learning in Churn Prediction
Churn prediction is gaining popularity in the research community as a powerful paradigm that supports data-driven operational decisions. Datasets related to churn prediction are often skewed with imbalanced class distribution. Data-level solutions, like over-sampling and under-sampling, have been commonly used by researchers to address this problem. There are limited number of case studies that attempt to evolve these data-level solutions by integrating them with computationally advanced frameworks, like ensembles. Ensembles primarily employ algorithmic diversity using a fixed set of training instances to achieve superior performance. This study aims to introduce algorithmic diversity in ensembles by modifying the fixed set of training instances using diverse sampling strategies to increase predictive performance in imbalanced learning. Data is acquired from the world's largest open hotel commerce platform company. A four-part series of experiments is conducted to analyze the effectiveness of sampling techniques and ensemble solutions on model performance. A new sampling-based stack framework called 'Stacking of Samplers for Imbalanced Learning' is proposed. The framework combines the prediction capabilities of sampling solutions to stimulate the information gain of the meta features in ensemble. It is observed that the proposed framework leads to improvement in model performance with AUC of 86.4% and top-decile lift of 4.7 for customers of the hotel technology provider. Additionally, results show that the framework records a higher information gain for meta features used in a stack, compared to commonly used stack frameworks. 2013 IEEE.