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CDADITagger: An Approach Towards Content Based Annotations Driven Image Tagging Integrating Hybrid Semantics
Considering the rapid growth of multimedia data, especially images, image tagging is considered the most efficient way to organize or retrieve images. The significance of image tagging is growing extensively but the frameworks employed for tagging these images aren't sophisticated. These images aren't properly tagged because of a lack of resources for tagging or manual tagging is a challenging task considering such voluminous data. Already existing frameworks take both the image data and tag-related textual data but ultimately resulted in mediocre or unpalatable performance as they are dataset centered. To overcome these limitations in existing frameworks we proposed an image tagging mechanism, CDADITagger capable of automatically tagging images efficiently and much more reliable compared to existing frameworks. This framework can tackle real-world applications like tagging a new unknown image as the framework isn't powered by dataset alone but is designed to inculcate images from search engines like Google, Bing, etc. to have comprehensive knowledge of real-time data. These images are classified using CNN and tag-related textual data is classified using decision trees for enhanced performance. While tagging images from the classified tags, are sorted based on the semantic computation values, only the top 50% of the instances classified are selected. The tags which are more correlated to the image are ranked and finalized. The proposed semantically inclined framework CDADITagger outshined the well-established frameworks with an accuracy of 96.60% and a precision of 95.84% making it a more reliable approach. 2022 IEEE. -
An Effecient Approach to Detect Fraud Instagram Accounts Using Supervised ML Algorithms
Nowadays social media plays a vital role in different fields including business, economic communication and personal. Many person get profit from the different origins of availability of data from these social media, but cyber-crimes are increasing day by day. A person can generate many fake accounts and hence pretenders can easily be made. Instagram, as one of the popular types of online social media site, carries big information and messages through the posts. Most of the person use Instagram as a digital life marketing place because it is a one of the big social media site. The goal of the research paper is to recognize and stop fake IDs and pages. Because through the professional pages of Instagram, many fake cases and things are occurring present days. So the main thing is to recognize fake pages and fake accounts also. In this paper, we work on various IDs of Instagram. We want to observe an ID is real or not using Machine Learning techniques namely Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, Support vector machine, Decision tree, Random Forest. 2022 IEEE. -
Web Platforms for Fintech Products
Internet marketing and digital marketing are not synonymous in the minds of the majority of the population, yet this may not be true. Given the rise in popularity of digital marketing as a marketing tactic, it is critical to comprehend the distinctions between the two methods. Even while it should be evident that they might be connected, there is very little difference between them. Internet marketing is merely a subclass of digital marketing, as well as the extent of digital marketing encompasses much more than internet marketing. This paper discussed digital marketing technologies, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of employing digital marketing and digital finance tools in general. In order to remain competitive, businesses must overcome obstacles and seize possibilities presented by digital marketing technologies. Lastly, it's critical to prioritise digital marketing and make use of digital finance techniques in order to maintain a good performance without wasting time or money. 2022 IEEE. -
Sentiment Analysis on Amazon Product Review
Users throughout the world may now access massive amounts of data thanks to the internet and social media platforms. [5] In every facet of human existence, electronic commerce (e-commerce) plays a crucial role. E-commerce is a marketing approach that enables businesses and consumers to buy and sell things via the internet. When buyers look for product information and compare alternatives online, they generally have access to dozens or hundreds of product reviews from alternative shoppers. Machine learning is the most appropriate approach to training a neural network in today's age of practical artificial intelligence. So implementing a model to polarize those reviews and learn from them would make passing hundreds of comments a lot easier. [24] The interpretation will be a very basic product with positive, neutral, and negative polarization. The product is checked. This study suggests a sentiment evaluation model for shopper reviews based on the object and emotive word mining for emotional level analysis using machine learning approaches. 2022 IEEE. -
Building an International Entrepreneurship Index using the PSR framework
This paper builds an International Index for Entrepreneurship (IIE) for the year 2018, by using a conceptual framework named PSR (Pressures-State-Response) to encapsulate the contextual aspect of entrepreneurship globally. In the past, the indices have used a methodological framework of composite indices. This paper uses the PSR framework to show how these indicators fall into the categories of pressure, state, and response, and concentrates on how these subsystems are interrelated. The study considers 41 countries for the construction of the index. We also check the correlation between the IIE and other growth indicators such as the corruption perception index, the economic freedom summary index, GDP per capita, and trade openness using suitable statistical tools.The correlation analysis demonstrates that the IIE and the Economic Freedom Summary Index have a positive association. 2022 IEEE. -
Prediction of Stock Prices using Prophet Model with Hyperparameters tuning
As part of the data analytical process, predicting and time - series are crucial. In academics and financial research, anticipating share prices is a prominent and significant subject. A share market would be an uncontrolled environment for anticipating shares since there are no fundamental guidelines for evaluating or anticipating share prices there. As a result, forecasting share prices is a difficult time-series issue. fundamental, technical, time series predictions and analytical strategies are just a few of the various techniques and approaches that machine learning uses to execute stock value predictions. This article implements the stock price prediction, Researchers compared the model of the prophet with the tuned model of the prophet. By utilizing the tuning of hyperparameters using parameter grid search to improve the performance of the model accuracy for the best prediction. The findings of the study demonstrated that tuned model of the prophet with hyperparameters tuning which results in model accuracy and based on the experimental findings mean squared error (MSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) has significant improvement. 2022 IEEE. -
Challenges of Digital Transformation in Education in India
Online learning has been present since the 1960s and has risen in popularity over time. World-class universities have been using online teaching-learning methodologies to fulfill the needs of students who reside far away from academic institutions for more than a decade. Many people predicted that online education would be the way of the future, but with the arrival of COVID-19, online education was imposed upon stakeholders far sooner and more suddenly than expected. When the COVID-19 pandemic broke out, educational institutions began to explore digital ways to keep students studying even when they couldn't be together in person as governments enacted legislation prohibiting large groups of people from gathering for any reason, including education. The future of such a transition looks promising. However, transitioning from one mode of education to another is not easy. Historically, when educators adopt new tools, learning still continues in the conventional manner. Based on the responses of 176 students, this paper studies the challenges of Digital transformation in the Education sector. The research is extremely beneficial in evaluating the scope of societal opposition to change. 2022 IEEE. -
Predicting Employee Attrition Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Employees are considered the foundation of any organization. Due to their importance, the Human resources department implements various policies to sustain them. Yet the attrition rate in any organization is increasing yearly. The attrition rate signifies the number of employees who leaves a firm without being replaced. It is regarded as a well-known issue that requires the administration to make the best choices to retain highly competent staff. It is interesting to note that artificial intelligence is frequently used as a successful technique for foreseeing such an issue. This review paper aims to study the different machine learning approaches that predict employee attrition and factors influencing an employee to attrite from an organization. A Hybrid model comprising the various ensemble models is proposed to predict attrition at its earliest. The forecasted attrition model aids in not only taking preventive action but also in improving recruiting choices and rewarding top performers who contribute to the company's success. 2022 IEEE. -
Neural Network based Student Grade Prediction Model
Student final grade GPA is the collective efforts of their previous and ongoing efforts of each semester examination may predict accurately using the neural network which receives the input weight of each matrix element of variables to next neuron. The GPA prediction based on regular class performance and previous grades with background variables were found much significant. This research tries to explore the model comparison and evaluate student grade prediction using various neural network models. The single-layer half i.e., successful student model predicts 90 total accuracies than the single layer with five hidden layer neurons (88.5 percent). The multi-layer with two hidden layers (7,3) is 84 percent accuracy is less than one percent accuracy than multilayer with three hidden layers. Similarly, the multilayered with four hidden layered 25,12,7,3 model predicts the least accuracy (77 percent accuracy) for student grade. Similarly, the passed student prediction model has less accuracy than both students' 86 percent. 2022 IEEE. -
Technologies in Transportation Engineering
Deteriorating quality of the air, traffic congestions, and rising accident rates have all resulted from an ever-increasing number of vehicles in Indian cities. As a result of a variety of issues, current public transit systems often fall short or are considered unreliable. The present paper deals with multiple ITS architecture and to be specific four major parts of the ITS. These four major parts are Advanced Public Transportation System (APTS), Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS), Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS), and Emergency Management System (EMS). Thus, the framework and produced models of four key divisions of ITS have been evaluated in order to conduct a comparative study of the many models currently being developed in respective investigations. 2022 IEEE. -
Customer Segmentation and Future Purchase Prediction using RFM measures
Winning in the E-Commerce business race at a competitive age like this requires proper usage of Customer data. Using that database and grouping it in similar segments in terms of spending expenditure, observation time, sex, and location so that every customer falls in a segment of characteristics. This mechanism is called Customer Segmentation. In the modern era of highly compatible technological advancements, Machine Learning Algorithms are being vastly used to bring solutions to these difficult yet essential services. In the field of research methods like simple clustering based on purchase behaviour, buyer targeting or automated customer promotion mechanism by dividing into two major categories, have been worked on. However, ensemble algorithms have come handy where different clustering algorithms are combined to deliver best segmentation. Lately combination techniques like clustering and classification mechanism have also delivered good results where, not only segmentation is done but also classification of existing and new customers are possible into the clusters. Depending on that an effective customer relationship management can really benefit the company to a huge extent. Unlike other studies where clustering was performed directly on RFM table, a different approach was taken in this study where, one dimensional clustering was done individually on Recency, Frequency, Monetary columns, then an overall score was calculated and customers were classified into three segments. However, for a new customer depending on his purchase behaviour he/she also can be classified into any of the categories. 2022 IEEE. -
A Review On Geospatial Intelligence For Investigative Journalism
Throughout the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine, satellite images like the vast convoy of Russian military vehicles approaching the beleaguered Ukrainian city of Kyiv, Russian aircraft deployed at Zyabrovka, Belarus and many more such visuals have been in circulation and are being used as a tool to facilitate investigative journalistic studies. Such satellite-based images are one of the latest means of accessing vital data that can help in expanding the scope and impact of investigative journalism. Geospatial intelligence uses varied graphical content to convey information about the activities that occur on the surface of the earth. It includes colour and panchromatic (black and white) aerial photographs, multispectral or hyperspectral digital imagery, and products such as shaded relief maps or three-dimensional images produced from digital elevation models. The improving technology in geospatial spectra has broadened the scope of its usage to investigative journalism which lies at the core of this review paper. Some of the path-breaking journalistic stories that have come up in the past decade - imaging of the Uttarakhand landslide in 2021 using satellite images, coverage of the Fukushima nuclear plant since 2011, and 2021 tracking of Asia's border disputes emerging due to climate change and the satellite journalism built around the blockage of Suez canal in 2021 - showcase the potential that geospatial intelligence has in the domain of journalism. All four identified stories point out how we can practice satellite-based investigative studies, especially, for scrutinizing and comparing historical records regarding cross-border issues as well as the disappearance of pastures and forests in vast open lands. However, the arena of using geospatial intelligence, enabled by satellite images, remains underutilized and limited to specific journalistic organizations, based in a few countries. This exploratory review of the four mentioned journalistic accounts identifies the contexts where such efforts are feasible, methods that are required, sources that could be tapped, associated skill sets needed for its usage, the dynamics of such investigative approaches, and their scope and limitations. This review and the conclusions drawn from the above-mentioned cases provides a direction for journalists from small organizations and low income countries to explore the potential of satellite-based images in furthering their investigative reporting with a technological edge that persists to be sovereign in the geopolitical powerplay. Copyright 2022 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved. -
Relative Efficiencies of Farmer Producer Companies in India- Slack-Based Model Approach
The concept of the farmer producer company (FPC) model has received a large momentum especially during the 20202021 farmers' protest in India. This paper examines the relative efficiencies of 46 FPCs in Kerala using non-radial data envelopment analysis (DEA) for the financial year 2018-19. We use a non-oriented slack-based model (SBM) under assumptions of constant and variable returns to scale. The results reveal that 36.96 per cent of the sample FPCs are overall technical efficient and 50 per cent of the FPCs are pure technical efficient. It is found that technical inefficiency is reported for a few FPCs due to scale inefficiency. Among the input and output targets suggested for inefficient FPCs, reduction in the 'number of shareholders' and augmentation of 'profits' reported in most cases to improve their efficiency scores. Based on the findings, we suggest the concerned stakeholders to provide additional financial and non-financial supports to the needy rather than focusing on establishing new FPCs. 2022 IEEE. -
Performance Evaluation of Time-based Recommendation System in Collaborative Filtering Technique
The Collaborative Filtering (CF) technique is the most common neighbourhood-based recommendation strategy, that provides personalized recommendation to a user for the items using a similarity measure. Hence, the selection of the appropriate similarity measure becomes crucial in the CF based recommendation system. The traditional similarity measures merely focus only on the historical ratings provided by the users to compute the similarity, completely ignoring the fact that preferences change over a period of time. Considering this, the paper aims to develop an effective Recommendation System that uses temporal information to capture the changes in the preferences over a period of time. For this, the existing exponential and power time decay functions are integrated with Cosine, Pearson Correlation, and Gower's similarity measures to compute similarity. The similarity is computed at the similarity computation and prediction levels of recommendation processes. Experimental findings in terms of MAE and RMSE on the MovieLens-100k demonstrate that performance of Gower's coefficient is better when applied with the exponential function at the similarity computation level of the recommendation process. 2022 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved. -
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning-Based Systems for Controlling Medical Robot Beds for Preventing Bedsores
Artificial Intelligence is one of the most important technologies of the modern world which is continuously changing the dimensions of almost every sector. AI and IoT have together resulted in multiple outstanding technological innovations which have also impacted the healthcare sector massively. This study has critically focused on the role of AI and robotics in the treatment outcomes for patients. This study has done deep research regarding the role of automated beds in reducing pressure ulcers or bed sores among patients who are recovering from any chronic disease. This entire study has secondary qualitative data collection for analyzing the design and microcontroller systems in automated beds. This has provided a detailed data analysis with relevant equations and tables for reaching its proposed outcomes. 2022 IEEE. -
Vision Based Vehicle-Pedestrian Detection and Warning System
Road Sense must be respected and obeyed by both the pedestrian and the driver. Moreover, urbanization has led to a steadfast rise in the fleet of vehicles, their speed, as well as non-compliance with road safety measures, and other such factors have provoked an inescapable increase of accidents in road traffic involving pedestrians. Pedestrian collisions can be predicted and prevented. At the very basic, there has to be vehicle and pedestrian detection along with speed estimation, which can be further applied to Vehicle-Pedestrian Collisions and various emerging fields like Industrial Automation, Transportation, Automotive, Security/Surveillance, or in Dangerous environments. This paper reviews the literature on vehicle and pedestrian detection based on two significant categories: pre-processing phase and detection phase, with a detailed comparative analysis. The papers reviewed cover video-based surveillance systems. 2022 IEEE. -
Implementation of Time-Series Analysis: Prediction of Stock Prices using Machine Learning and Deep learning models: A Hybrid Approach
Experts in the finance system have long found it difficult to estimate stock values. Despite the Efficient - market hypothesis Principle claim that it is difficult to anticipate share prices with any degree of precision, research has demonstrated that share price movements could be anticipated with the proper levels of precision provided the correct parameters are chosen and the proper predictive models are created. individuals who are adaptable. The share market is unpredictable in essence, making its forecasting a difficult undertaking. Stock prices are affected by more than economic reasons. In this project, Arima, LSTM and Prophet models are used to predict the future way of behaving share price, the datasets has been obtained from NSE, share price prediction algorithms have been created and tested. According to the empirical findings, the LSTM model would be used to anticipate share prices rather well over a substantial amount of time with exactness. 2022 IEEE. -
Smart Facial Emotion Recognition with Gender and Age Factor Estimation
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) in an intelligent way, which aims at creating scalable and flexible solutions. Big tech firms and businesses believe in the success of HCI as it allows them to profit from on-demand technology and infrastructure for information-centric applications without having to use public clouds. Because of its capacity to imitate human coding abilities, facial expression recognition and software-based facial expression identification systems are crucial. This paper proposes a system of recognizing the emotional condition of humans, given a facial expression, and conveys two methods of predicting the age and gender factors from human faces. This research also aims in understanding the influences posed by gender and age of humans on their facial expressions. The model can currently detect 7 emotions based on the facial data of a person - (Anger, Disgust, Happy, Fear, Sad, Surprise, and Neutral state). The proposed system is divided into three segments: a.) Gender Detection b.) Age Detection c.) Emotion Recognition. The initial model is created using 2 algorithms - KNN, and SVM. We have also utilized the architectures of some of the deep learning models such as CNN and VGG - 16 pre-trained models (Transfer Learning). The evaluation metrics show the model performance regarding the accuracy of the Recognition system. Future enhancements of this work can include the deployment of the DL and ML model onto an android or a wearable device such as a smartphone or a watch for a real-time use case. 2022 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved. -
Solar PV Tree Designed Smart Irrigation to Survive the Agriculture in Effective Methodology
The global economy benefits significantly from agriculture. However, there are significant issues and difficulties in the irrigation sector as a result of a significant regional imbalance in power supply, water availability, rainfall, and adoption of technology. The most economical approach to supporting agriculture in the modern day is through irrigation powered by renewable energy. Productivity is impacted by environmental issues, defective irrigation systems, and unknowable soil moisture content in agricultural fields. Traditional watering systems might lose up to 50% of the water used due to ineffective irrigation, evaporation, and overwatering. As a result, the proposed study will modify solar tree-based smart irrigation systems that use the most recent sensors for real-Time or old data to influence watering flows and change watering schedules to enhance the system efficiency. One application of a wireless sensor network is proposed for low-cost wireless controlled irrigation and real-Time monitoring of soil water levels using Arduino controllers. Data is gathered for drip irrigation control using wireless acquisition stations powered by renewable energy, which lowers the risk of electrocution and boosts output. 2022 IEEE. -
Data Reduction Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks with AI
Due to their numerous uses in practically every part of life and their related problems, such as energy saving, a longer life cycle, and better resource usage, the research of wireless sensor networks is ongoing. Its extensive use successfully saves and processes a considerable volume of sensor data. Since the sensor nodes are frequently placed in challenging locations where less expensive resources are required for data collection and processing, this presents a new difficulty. One method for minimizing the quantity of sensor data is data reduction. A review of data reduction methods has been provided in this publication. The different data reduction approaches that have been put forth over the years have been examined, along with their advantages and disadvantages, ways in which they can be helpful, and whether or not using them in contexts with limited resources is worthwhile. 2022 IEEE.