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On Some Graphs Whose Domination Number Is thePerfect Italian Domination Number
Perfect Italian Domination (PID) is a vertex labelling of a graph G by numbers from the set such that a vertex in G labelled 0 has a neighbourhood where the summation of the labels of the vertices in it is precisely 2. The summation of labels on the vertices of the graph which satisfy the PID labelling is known as its PID number, and is the minimum possible PID number of a graph G. We find some characterization of graphs for which . We also find a lower bound for |V(G)|, which satisfies the same. Further, we discuss the graphs that satisfies or . A realisation problem is used to prove that PID cannot be bounded by a scalar multiple of the Domination number. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
Some characterizations of Gallai graphs
Gallai graph of a graph G is a graph whose vertices are the edges of G and the adjacency of the vertices depends on whether they are part of a triangle or not in G. We find some forbidden subgraph characterization of graphs for which Gallai graph is either a trivially perfect graph or a 3-sun-free graph or an interval graph. 2020 Author(s). -
A survey of the studies on Gallai and anti-Gallai graphs
The Gallai graph and the anti-Gallai graph of a graph G are edge disjoint spanning subgraphs of the line graph L(G). The vertices in the Gallai graph are adjacent if two of the end vertices of the corresponding edges in G coincide and the other two end vertices are nonadjacent in G. The anti-Gallai graph of G is the complement of its Gallai graph in L(G). Attributed to Gallai (1967), the study of these graphs got prominence with the work of Sun (1991) and Le (1996). This is a survey of the studies conducted so far on Gallai and anti-Gallai of graphs and their associated properties. 2021 Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University. -
A STUDY ON PERFECT ITALIAN DOMINATION OF GRAPHS AND THEIR COMPLEMENTS
Perfect Italian Domination is a type of vertex domination which can also be viewed as a graph labelling problem. The vertices of a graph G are labelled by 0, 1 or 2 in such a way that a vertex labelled 0 should have a neighbourhood with exactly two vertices in it labelled 1 each or with exactly one vertex labelled 2. The remaining vertices in the neighbourhood of the vertex labelled 0 should be all 0s. The minimum sum of all labels of the graph G satisfying these conditions is called its Perfect Italian domination number. We study the behaviour of graph complements and how the Perfect Italian Domination number varies between a graph and its complement. The NordhausGaddum type inequalities in the Perfect Italian Domination number are also discussed. 2025, Krasovskii Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics. All rights reserved. -
Vertex Removal on Perfect Italian Domination and ?pI-Stability of Graphs
Perfect Italian Domination (PID) is a domination concept where all vertices are assigned one of the labels among 0, 1 and 2 such that the sum of the labels in the neighbourhood of every vertex labelled 0 should be exactly 2. We examine a few graph classes of graphs and discuss the criticality of Perfect Italian Domination. We also define ?pI stable graphs and PID critical graphs. Following our definitions of ?pI-stable and PID critical graphs, we have grouped some graph classes. We characterise a family of trees that is ?pI-stable.. MatDer. -
Morphological and Elemental Investigations on CoFeBO Thin Films Deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition for Alkaline Water Oxidation: Charge Exchange Efficiency as the Prevailing Factor in Comparison with the Adsorption Process
Abstract: Mixed transition-metals oxide electrocatalysts have shown huge potential for electrochemical water oxidation due to their earth abundance, low cost and excellent electrocatalytic activity. Here we present CoFeBO coatings as oxygen evolution catalyst synthesized by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) which provided flexibility to investigate the effect of morphology and structural transformation on the catalytic activity. As an unusual behaviour, nanomorphology of 3D-urchin-like particles assembled with crystallized CoFe2O4 nanowires, acquiring high surface area, displayed inferior performance as compared to coreshell particles with partially crystalline shell containing boron. The best electrochemical activity towards water oxidation in alkaline medium with an overpotential of 315 mV at 10 mA/cm2 along with a Tafel slope of 31.5 mV/dec was recorded with coreshell particle morphology. Systematic comparison with control samples highlighted the role of all the elements, with Co being the active element, boron prevents the complete oxidation of Co to form Co3+ active species (CoOOH), while Fe assists in reducing Co3+ to Co2+ so that these species are regenerated in the successive cycles. Thorough observation of results also indicates that the activity of the active sites play a dominating role in determining the performance of the electrocatalyst over the number of adsorption sites. The synthesized CoFeBO coatings displayed good stability and recyclability thereby showcasing potential for industrial applications. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] 2021, The Author(s). -
A new algorithm with its randomness and effectiveness against statistical tests in data encryption
In the world where security is one of the main concern, we are still not able to make our data secure. Privacy is one of the major concerns in todays world, where all the organization are dealing with data leak problem, data theft, data intrusion. We came up with a mathematical model to encrypt and decrypt data securely. In this paper we have came up with a technique to encrypt and decrypt data using non-deterministic random numbers and generating two cipher text for each data unit (character) and verified the randomness of our cipher text using chi-square test, Gaps test. IJSTR 2020. -
Decoding Breast Cancer Mutational Signatures: A Hybrid ElasticNetXGBoost Approach Using Gene Expression Data
TP53, PIK3CA, and MUC16 are somatic mutations that are useful in breast cancer progression and prognosis, but direct mutation profiling based on sequencing is not always practicable in practice. The data about gene expression can contain indirect transcriptomic patterns linked with mutational underlying states. This paper proposes an expression-based machine learning model to predict the status of mutations using METABRIC breast cancer cohort. Instead of directly estimating genetic changes, the suggested method estimates statistical relationships between transcriptomic phenotypes and binary somatic mutation states. A multi-stage gene features selection pipeline using variance filtering, mutual information ranking, and correlation pruning was used to reduce the number of genes (19,000). A hybrid predictive architecture was trained using these features that combined ElasticNet logistic regression and XGBoost that allowed balancing between linear regularization and nonlinear interaction modeling. The hybrid model with a combination of five-fold stratified cross validation yielded mean ROC-AUC of 0.94 (TP53), 0.92 (PIK3CA), and 0.90 (MUC16) with the stability of the calibration and equal error rates. Coefficient analysis and SHAP-based explanations were used to investigate the interpretability of the models to describe the expression patterns on mutation status. The suggested framework is a hypothesis-generating, complementary method of transcriptomic analysis, which must be reevaluated by external validation to determine the wider generalizability. 2026, International Journal of Prognostics and Health Management. All rights reserved. -
Counseling and Psychotherapy in India: Radha's Story
This chapter discusses the case of Radha, who presented with depression and infertility. The focus of counseling was to alleviate Radha's psychological distress, help her redefine her identity, and explore alternatives to infertility in the individual and marital context. The counselor's suggestion to use traditional healing practices, especially Pranayama, greatly helped the client, as she used these practices as for preventive coping. Handling the sensitive issue of infertility was challenging for the counselor, especially dealing with the ingrained cultural resistance to infertility and the client's value system that contributed to her own psychological state. Classical approaches to counseling and psychotherapy are indeed useful but require contextualization and an understanding of eclectic practice. Along with eclectic practice, integration of alternative systems of care, such as traditional healing practices, is seen as essential in the practice of counseling and psychotherapy in India. 2015 by the American Counseling Association. All rights reserved. -
Legal and Bioethical View of Educational Sectors and Industrial Areas of 3D Bioprinting
Recent advancements in three-dimensional printing (3D printing) within the medical field, particularly in the realm of 3D bioprinting, have shown tremendous potential in transforming various medical therapies, offering new approaches to treat organ failure and injury. However, amidst this optimism, several significant ethical and legal challenges remain unresolved before the application and transplantation of 3D bioprinted technology and organs in human subjects can become a reality. This chapter focuses on exploring the ethical and legal constraints associated with 3D bioprinting technology from both educational and industrial perspectives, recognizing their crucial roles as cornerstones for future applications. Furthermore, the analysis of 3D bioprinting technology will be conducted through the lens of the fundamental medical ethics principle, Primum non nocere; First, do no harm. Moreover, the pressing need for effective and timely standalone laws to regulate the subject of 3D printing is emphasized. This urgency arises from the grave concerns posed by the future implications of this technology on Indias scientific research and medical practice. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive examination of the ethical and legal challenges posed by 3D bioprinting technology. By considering both educational and industrial perspectives, this research seeks to shed light on the complexities surrounding the application and transplantation of 3D bioprinted organs. Additionally, the analysis through the principle of Primum non nocere will contribute to the understanding of the ethical implications inherent in this innovative technology. Ultimately, this study advocates for the formulation of appropriate regulations and guidelines through the implementation of effective standalone laws, ensuring the responsible development and utilization of 3D printing technology in the realm of scientific research and medical practice in India. 2024 Scrivener Publishing LLC. -
ELCCFD: An Efficient and Enhanced Credit Card Fraud Detection using Enhanced Deep Learning Principle
Credit card fraud poses a serious threat to financial institutions and their customers; hence, stringent detection protocols are necessary. This study introduces an approach known as Enhanced Learning for Credit Card Fraud Detection (ELCCFD) to enhance the accuracy of credit card fraud detection. To improve the fraud detection process, the proposed method combines the strengths of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), AlexNet architecture, and Gradient Boosting Machines (GBM). The proposed approach begins with cleaning up the credit card data to get useful features, then trains a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) using AlexNet to figure out complex patterns and representations on its own. This study generates a complete set of features by merging the CNN's output with features generated using GBM. The final model is trained by using a combination of deep learning and other conventional machine learning techniques to achieve the best results. Experimental findings on benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the ELCCFD methodology, achieving an accuracy rate of 98%. This study combines AlexNet with GBM to get a model to capture the complex patterns and is easier to understand with the feature importance analysis. With its strong accuracy and reliability, the proposed methodology offers a strong option to fight credit card fraud, and it shows the potential for actual use in financial systems. 2024 IEEE. -
A Systematic Review of AI Privileges to Combat Widen Threat of Flavivirus
In order to prevent the extraordinary spread of sickness caused by Flavivirus, the healthcare business as well as public health are working tirelessly. Individual lives have been affected, but mosquito-infested public locations have made a considerable influence on the general publics health. Site adaptability, climate change, and inadequate healthcare services and surveillance all contribute to the spread of the virus. The potential dangers of this virus, on the other hand, have been uncovered through extensive and ongoing research in the healthcare business. Modern healthcare facilities may benefit from the reasoning capabilities and ever-evolving analysis techniques provided by artificial intelligence. More conclusive findings have been demonstrated in the realm of AI applications in healthcare domains such as cancer, neurology, and cardiology. A number of research works have justified the use of AI-oriented algorithms for intelligently handling unstructured and huge healthcare data. When it comes to using artificial intelligence (AI) to identify, forecast, diagnose, and treat disease using data from public health and biological databases, the current effort aims to undertake an extensive examination. There may be issues in integrating assistive technology into the current healthcare system, as well. Because of this review, we hope that by merging AI research with clinical and public health specialists, critical knowledge may be extracted from data in order to unchain the relevant information of Flavivirus disease from its chains. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Effect of audiovisual aids and blended teaching on english performance and self-confidence of IX standard students in government schools of Manipur
For a productive teaching-learning process, proper planning and direction is required since the process in itself is the key to a person's progress and development. Accordingly, resources which aid in the teaching and learning process should be selected judiciously and in harmony with the concept in question. Audiovisual aids are sensory objects and images which stimulate and emphasize the learning process. The use of visual aid in teaching has the potential to increase "human bandwidth": the capacity to absorb, to comprehend, and to effectively synthesize the information into new knowledge. Blended teaching is a kind of e-learning which utilizes a scope of instruments and instructive guides to make a learning environment interactive synchronously or asynchronously and improves the learning procedure by offering projects and courses electronically by means of various mixed media specialized devices. The result indicates that there is an impact of the use of audiovisual aids and blended teaching in English performance and self-confidence of the students. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. All rights reserved. -
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Optimizing Sustainable Agriculture Through Customized Crop Management Approach
Sustainable agriculture is essential for actively addressing the dual challenges of global food security and climate variability. This study deploys an intelligent, data-driven approach to tailored crop management, positioning it as a dynamic framework for optimizing cultivation by enhancing soil quality and climate resilience. Recognizing soil quality as a foundational element of sustainable agriculture, this paper highlights its critical role in nutrient cycling, water retention, and organic enrichment. Through strategic interventions such as precision crop rotation, conservation tillage, cover cropping, and organic amendments, this approach maximizes soil porosity, health, and fertility while mitigating environmental degradation. By operationalization tailored crop management as an adaptable and scalable system, this research advances the synergy between agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. Leveraging AI-driven insights, predictive modeling, and modular frameworks, these strategies empower global efforts toward food security, ecological balance, and climate-adaptive farming solutions. 2025 IEEE. -
Influence of career re-entry enablers on job search outcomes: COVID strengthening the disparity virus?
Women in India when faced with the predicament of managing their homes and work, many a times are forced to take a break from their job. On completion of their personal responsibilities when they contemplate re-entering work, they face numerous hindrances. Covid has only raised additional concerns in their career landscape. In this context based on the social cognitive career theory that adopts human agency perspective we theorize that women are not mere bystanders but themselves contribute to their life outcomes through their self-efficacy and resultant job search efforts. Using the components in the SCCT model (Social cognitive career theory) of career self-management (CSM), data from 385 respondents was analysed using Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structure Equation Modeling. The study confirmed the direct and indirect relationship between self-efficacy in job search behaviour, outcome expectations, search goals, search actions and the final job search outcome measured through the number of offers received. Implications of this study to the managers, family and society are also discussed. 2021 Ecological Society of India. All rights reserved. -
Exploring the mediating role of job and life satisfaction between workfamily conflict, familywork conflict and turnover intention
Purpose: This study investigates the influence of work-to-family and family-to-work conflict on turnover intention (career break), mediated through job and life satisfaction among Indian women in the service sector, using role conflict theory as the base. Design/methodology/approach: A total of 421 usable responses from women who had taken a career break were collected using a 36-item scale from six major metro cities in India through social and digital media platforms. A purposive-cum-snowballing sampling method was adopted. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) through AMOS. Findings: Findings suggest that job satisfaction (JS) is a significant predictor of turnover intention, both when work spills into the family domain, and family responsibilities spill into the work domain, thereby confirming the mediating influence of JS. Interestingly, life satisfaction (LS) only seems to mediate between inter-domain conflict and turnover intention partially. Research limitations/implications: This is a descriptive study, and is thereby limited in terms of its generalizability, specifically as it included respondents only from six major metro cities in India. Practical implications: The extended work-family conflict model could help managers structure organizational interventions that support women to deal with the challenges of managing the demands of both work and family domains, thereby reducing the negative influence on JS. Such initiatives could help reduce career breaks among women. Originality/value: We explored the cause of career breaks among Indian urban women employed in the service sector, using the extended model of inter-role conflict and their attitudes towards both life and job. 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Influence of family-work conflict on career break decision among Indian women: when family ties, tie you down!
The study is an attempt to understand the influence of the constructs in the family domain on the career break decision of women employed in the service sector in India a country facing a conundrum of rising female literacy and falling workforce participation. This study proposes a model that explores the direct and indirect relationship between the antecedents of family-work conflict and intention to quit. Data from a sample of 346 women, who had experienced career-break in service sector, was collected through purposive sampling. The researchers probed the relationship between family-work-conflict and intention to quit and mediating influence of job and life satisfaction. Hypotheses were tested though structural equation modelling. Results confirmed that role-overload and gender-stereotyped beliefs were found to be the most significant constructs. Job satisfaction came across as having mediating effect. Stakeholders need to facilitate a path that permits her to continue to nurture her family without having to give up her dreams. 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
"On the same page, but in different books?" exploring pedagogical beliefs of various stakeholders in management education
The declining MBA enrolment numbers and campus placements are indicators of an alarming situation in India. The key stakeholders comprising of teachers, students, and corporates desire the same outcome, which is students with high employability. This implies everyone is on the same page, but the falling salary packages and rising unemployment make one wonder if this page is from a different book for each stakeholder? Through this study, we tried to bring in more clarity on the perception of the stakeholders in such B-schools regarding their choice of pedagogy to be employed. Drawing on the body of literature and peer group discussions, this study identified 15 pedagogical methods employed in higher education. Thus, to explore the preferred pedagogy, an exploratory research was designed and owing to the categorical nature of the data collected over a seven-month period, correspondence analysis was applied. Data analysis confirmed the existence of a huge perceptual gap amongst the stakeholders about the appropriate pedagogy to be used in management education. Student engagement and application based learning emerged as the two most important dimensions of pedagogy in this study. The results and findings can be extended further to understand causes for this perceptual gap and identify measures to bridge the same to ensure that these B - schools yield job ready students resulting in MBA regaining its lost glory. 2019, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved.