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Effect Of Cooperative Learning Strategies on Self-Directed Learning and Reflective Thinking of Pre-Service Teachers
Cooperative learning (CL) research demonstrates its robustness. While acknowledging the empirical benefits, there is room for improvement in implementing CL in teacher education classrooms. Teacher educators often resist adopting CL, favouring the frontal teaching method. The cultivation of self-directed learning and reflective newlinethinking is crucial for pre-service teachers (PSTs) to evolve into lifelong learners, newlinemeeting the demands of 21st-century classrooms. Online cooperative learning (OCL) newlineplays a vital role in enhancing essential skill sets such as collaboration, digital newlineproficiency, communication, and interaction among pre-service teachers. This study newlineunfolded in two phases. The initial pilot study, utilizing a concurrent triangulation newlinemixed-method research design, delved into perceived challenges faced by teacher newlineeducators in India regarding cooperative learning implementation. The subsequent newlineexperimental stage employed a quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group newlinedesign to investigate the impact of OCL strategies on self-directed learning (SDL) and reflective thinking (RT) among Indian pre-service teachers. Following the newlineintervention with OCL modules, the researcher also assessed pre-service teachers newlinesatisfaction and perceptions towards OCL, utilizing a mixed-method research approach with concurrent triangulation. The sample for experimental stage encompassed 130 pre-service teachers from two teacher education colleges affiliated with Mangalore University, Karnataka, India. The researcher constructed OCL intervention modules for the study and experts validated it. The researcher adopted standardized instrument for measuring SDL by Acar et al. (2016), and standardised instrument for measuring RT by Kember et al. (2000). The pilot study revealed that teacher educators perceived challenges at an average rate of 63% due to teacher challenges, learner challenges, curriculum syllabus, and administrative challenges. -
Effect of Computer Learning on performance in early Architecture Education
A mixed cohort of students with different experience backgrounds join the architecture degree. While some are well familiar with the user interface of computer and 3-D digital tools, others are not. The effect of such prior knowledge and their corresponding digital and analog performance in a designed experiment was evaluated with a sample of 38 first-year students. This was done to understand the performance effects of previous computer learning in students. Computer learning of the sample was studied in terms of years of computer exposure, the number of software known, and knowledge of 3D software or SketchUp. The results suggest that none of the factors contributed to the digital performance of students. This provided suggestions regarding the computer teaching emphasis which should be placed on students having less computer learning. 2022, Rajarambapu Institute Of Technology. All rights reserved. -
Effect of compression ratio on performance and emission characteristics of dual spark plug ignition engine fueled with n-butanol as additive fuel
Renewable energy called normal-butanol is a possible alternative fuel for automobile vehicles like some other possible fuel such as compressed natural gas (CNG), liquid petroleum gas (LPG), ethanol, and methanol. Bio-butanol or normal-butanol is also a meritable energy source to substitute for regular fossil fuels. The normal-butanol has recently started to use as a possible substitute fuel to regular fuels for internal combustion engines to attain eco-friendly and capital benefits. As compared to regular energy sources in internal combustion engines, normal-butanol has some benefits, so it shows the potential to decrease tailpipe emission and an increase in positive network delivery. The current work carried out to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of dual spark plug ignition engine fuelled with normal-butanol as additive fuel by adopting 10:1 and 10.5:1 compression ratios. The experimental results reveal that when compared between 10:1 and 10.5:1 compression ratios, brake power (BP) is increased by 3.5 % and 3.2 % for normal-Butanol 35 (nB35) blend and energy efficiency increased by 2.72 % and 2.14 % for nB35 blend at a part and full load for 10.5:1 compression ratio. The n-butanol create a greater impact on tailpipe emissions that the carbon monoxide (CO) decreased by 32 %, 29 %, and hydrocarbon (HC) reduced by 2.38 % and 2.22 % for nB35 blend at a part and full load condition respectively. The experimental results on dual spark ignition engine using n-butanol as additive fuel by varying compression ratio reveals that n-butanol can be a suitable replacement energy source for the automobile sector in the nearest future. 2021. The Authors. Published by CBIORE. -
Effect of Chicken Feather Hydrolysate on Growth of Spinach through Soil Amendment Method: Unraveling A Potential Liquid Biofertilizer
The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of chicken feather hydrolysate for promoting the growth of Spinacia oleracea L., a commonly consumed leafy green vegetable. An earlier isolated and identified keratinolytic bacterial species Bacillus tropicus was utilized for the preparation of chicken feather hydrolysate through submerged fermentation. Minimal media which was supplemented with chicken feather was used for the preparation of hydrolysate. The bacterial strain degraded chicken feather within 4 days of incubation after which the feather hydrolysate was collected and tested to check plant growth promoting activity through the seed germination trials and greenhouse study. Upon characterization of feather hydrolysate, it was found that the hydrolysate was a cocktail of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK) as well as other micro elements needed for plant growth. Four different concentrations of feather hydrolysate were employed for both the seed germination and greenhouse study which ranged from 25% (v/v), 30% (v/v), 35% (v/v) and 40% (v/v) including a control group (CN) which was not supplemented with feather hydrolysate. The hydrolysate supplementation brought about plant growth in all the four test concentrations with 35% (v/v) giving the highest result of 14 cm and 27.6 mg/g for tested parameters like plumule length and total chlorophyll content, respectively. The same concentration supported maximum seed germination and highest radicle extension for the germination studies as well. This study investigates the efficacy of chicken feather hydrolysate in promoting spinach growth, elucidating its potential as a fertilizer. The Author(s) 2024. Open Access. -
Effect of Chelating Agent Concentration on the Pseudocapacitive Performance of V2O5 Flakes Prepared by the Hydrothermal Process for Supercapacitor Applications
Vanadium pentoxide (V?O?) flakes were synthesized via a hydrothermal method by varying the amount of lemon juice (5mL for sample-1 and 10mL for sample-2) as a natural chelating agent. Structural and morphological analyses were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confirming crystalline V?O? with flake-like morphologies influenced by chelating agent concentration. Electrochemical performance was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic chargedischarge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a 3M KOH electrolyte. Sample-2 exhibited a Significantly higher Specific capacitance of 1536 F?g?1 (CV at 1mVs?1) and 212.37 F?g?1 (GCD at 1 A?g?1) compared to sample-1, demonstrating that increasing lemon juice concentration enhances the capacitive behavior of V?O? flakes by improving ion diffusion and electroactive surface area. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedade Brasileira de Fica 2025. -
Effect of calcium sulfoaluminate additive on linear deformation at different humidity and strength of cement mortars
The effect of calcium Sulfoaluminate additives (CSA) on the compression and bending strength of mortar, as well as linear deformation of prism samples at different environmental humidity was studied. Test results indicate that bending strength of mortars with CSA and the referent at the age of 28 days are practically equal. Compressive strength of mortars with CSA reduced by 20... 23% for all dosages of CSA. Relative linear deformations depend on the humidity of the environment. At a humidity of 100%, the relative linear deformations are positive and the expansion increases with increasing dosage of the expanding additive. When hardening in dry air at a humidity of 55%, the greatest shrinkage deformations were observed for mortars with CSA. We can conclude that the expanding effect of CSA is fully manifested at high humidity, i.e. under construction conditions, this means very high-quality moisture care for concrete structures. The Authors 2020. -
Effect of calcination temperature on surface morphology and photocatalytic activity in TiO2 thin films prepared by Spin Coating technique
TiO2 thin films were deposited on glass substrate using Sol-Gel derived precursor by Spin Coating technique at different calcination temperatures. Structural identity of the prepared films was con-firmed by powder X-ray diffraction measurements. Morphology of the films was monitored using Atomic force microscopy and it was observed that calcination temperature of 400 C favored TiO2 nano-fibers. Photocatalytic activity of the films was checked by observing the degradation of herbicide Atrazine in UV region and the percentage of degradation was analyzed by HPLC method. 2014 BCREC UNDIP. All rights reserved. -
Effect of biofertilizers on the survival and growth of air-layered saplings of West Indian cherry (Malpighia glabra L.)
This study evaluated the efficacy of air layering in combination with biofertilizer treatments for the successful propagation of West Indian cherry (Malpighia glabra L.) during 20222023 at the North Farm, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Air layering was performed on a 9-year-old tree using 1-year-old, pencil-thick shoots of 60 cm length. Once rooted, the air layers were gradually detached from the mother plant and transplanted into polybags. Biofertilizer treatments were applied to the potting medium and as soil drenches, including Trichoderma viride (3 g L-1), vermiwash (1 %), humic acid (20 g L-1), Azospirillum brasilense (2 g kg-1 planting medium), plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR; 10 g plant-1) and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM; 100 g plant-1), along with an untreated control. Data recorded at 60 days after detachment (DAD) showed that vermiwash @ 1 % (T3) significantly enhanced shoot and root growth parameters. It resulted in the highest plant height (45.23 cm), number of leaves (38.22), number of shoots (6.45), survival percentage (81.04 %), root length (13.80 cm), primary roots (26.31), secondary roots (78.23) and root diameter (4.88 mm). The improved performance under vermiwash treatment is attributed to its rich content of plant growth regulators, enzymes, micronutrients and beneficial microbes, which positively influenced both vegetative and root development. The results underscore the potential of integrating air layering with nutrient-enriched organic treatments like vermiwash to enhance the propagation efficiency and field establishment of West Indian cherry. The objective of this study was to identify an effective biofertilizer-based strategy to enhance survival, growth and nursery establishment of air-layered West Indian cherry saplings. Copyright: The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) -
Effect of basalt fiber hybridization on mechanical properties of silk fiber reinforced epoxy composites
Poor mechanical properties and constraints on production presently limit the utilization of bio-based reinforcing agents to non-structural and structural automotive elements. The conjugation of natural fibre with volcanic rock fibre provides a way to improve the mechanical properties of composites over natural fibre alone. In this study, physico-mechanical properties of hybrid fibre (silk and basalt) reinforced epoxy composites were found by experimentation following acceptable ASTM standards. Hybrid composites were produced by combining silk/basalt fibres in the ratio of 50:0, 25:25 and 30:20, whereas overall weight fraction was maintained at 0.5. The experimental results showed that the performance of combined fibres were superior compared to that of silk fibre bolstered epoxy composites. Among the 2 varieties of hybrids, the silk/basalt (25:25 by weight ratio) combination offered the very best hardness, strength, modulus, and toughness to the epoxy matrix owing to the similar modulus and synergistic interaction between the two reinforcing fibres. The results also steered that the morphology and surface adhesion affected the strength of the hybrid composites. These observations give insight into the advantages of various fibre reinforcements to the mechanical performance of epoxy matrix which is considered to be brittle. The failure mechanisms and the adhesion between fibres and matrix were studied by analysing the photomicrographs of broken coupons. 2020 Elsevier Ltd. -
Effect of background music and the cultural preference to music on adolescents task performance
There is a plethora of research assessesing the effect of background music on task performance; however, these results have largely been inconclusive and divided. Music is a powerful medium that possesses a lot of positive benefits. This paper addresses the gaps in the existing literature and attempts to explore the effect of background music on adolescents performance in a reading comprehension task. It also examines the role of culture in the said effect of performance, by assessing whether ones own culture leads to a better performance when compared to both silence and music from a different culture. To this end, an experimental study was conducted on 34 adolescents between the ages of 1314 (M = 13.50, SD = 0.50). The results indicate that a strong positive effect is achieved on task performance when background music is present, especially one that identifies with the participants cultural background. 2020, 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
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Effect of audiovisual aids and blended teaching on english performance and self-confidence of IX standard students in government schools of Manipur
For a productive teaching-learning process, proper planning and direction is required since the process in itself is the key to a person's progress and development. Accordingly, resources which aid in the teaching and learning process should be selected judiciously and in harmony with the concept in question. Audiovisual aids are sensory objects and images which stimulate and emphasize the learning process. The use of visual aid in teaching has the potential to increase "human bandwidth": the capacity to absorb, to comprehend, and to effectively synthesize the information into new knowledge. Blended teaching is a kind of e-learning which utilizes a scope of instruments and instructive guides to make a learning environment interactive synchronously or asynchronously and improves the learning procedure by offering projects and courses electronically by means of various mixed media specialized devices. The result indicates that there is an impact of the use of audiovisual aids and blended teaching in English performance and self-confidence of the students. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. All rights reserved. -
Effect of annealing and oxygen partial pressure on the RF sputtered WO3 thin films for electrochromic applications
the electrochromic thin layer of Tungsten trioxide (WO3) was RF sputtered on FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) slide. In a reactive Ar + O2 gas environment with varying oxygen partial pressures, the deposition continued. The samples were air annealed at 400 C for 2 h after being deposited at room temperature. SEM, XRD, UVVisible spectrometer, and electrochemical analyzer characterization methods were employed to analyze the surface, structural morphology, optical, and electrochromic behaviour of the deposited material after annealing. The Optical Bandgap and Transmittance were found to be of a higher value for air annealed samples than RT deposited samples because RT deposited samples are amorphous whereas air annealed samples exhibit crystalline nature with Oxidation, reduction peak currents variation with respect to the temperature. 2021 -
EFFECT OF ANIMAL-ASSISTED THERAPY ON DEPRESSION, MEMORY, ATTENTION, AND EMOTION REGULATION
Introduction: The mere presence of a dog in a therapeutic setup is known to bring about more positive outcomes when incorporated in therapy, dogs can bring about multifarious benefits which are not entirely tapped upon. Aim: This research aimed to study the effect of animal-assisted therapy (AAT), with therapy dogs, on depressive symptoms, emotional regulation, memory and attention of individuals. Method: A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental research design was used. Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL) for memory and attention, Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) were used for pre and post-testing 1 week before and post the intervention. Results: The findings reveal a positive impact of AAT on the given domains of memory, attention, emotion regulation and depressive symptoms, in the experimental group. No significant changes were obtained for the control group. Discussion: The results help validate the module of AAT to improve an individuals cognitive functioning and alleviate depressive and emotional dysregulations. Further implications are discussed. 2023, Institute for Human Rehabilitation. All rights reserved. -
Effect of Animal Assisted Therapy among Children with Autism
Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) is still at a very infancy stage of growth as a therapy mode in India. People are slowly getting to know of this and its positive effects for different populations like special kids, people in their old age, and terminally ill patients amongst the many others. Hence the choice to experience this is now gradually increasing in cities that provide AAT. In this present study the aim was to assess the effectiveness of AAT among children with autism. Specifically the focus was to see if AAT does affect the dimensions of communication, social and motor skills in children with autism. To do the same, a case study method was employed in order to derive an in-depth knowledge of the changes and improvements in the child. A multiple technique of data collection was employed wherein data was obtained via semi-structured interviews, observation and medical reports. The data obtained were transcribed and coded and put through a case analysis. The results obtained state that there have been improvements in the dimension of communication and social skills in the autistic children who were a part of this study. Motor skills however have not been significantly enhanced in almost all of them or rather the changes have not been very substantial. In view of the people providing information, the positive shift in these areas could be attributed to AAT but not solely as there could be other therapies and techniques that could have played a role in it. Key Words: Animal Assisted Therapy, Autism, Communication Skills, Social Skills, Motor Skills. -
Effect of alkyl chain length on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in a simulated hydrochloric acid medium by a phosphonium based inhibitor
The corrosion inhibiting effect of three synthesised phosphonium containing ionic liquids of varying alkyl chain length, namely, butyltriphenyl phosphonium bromide (BTPPB), hexyltriphenyl phosphonium bromide (HTPPB) and hexadecyltriphenyl phosphonium bromide (HDTPPB) on mild steel, was evaluated in 1 M HCl medium. The corrosion inhibition performance was studied by gravimetric method, potentiodynamic polarization studies, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and quantum chemical studies (DFT). However, the results of the SEM, AFM and contact angle tests confirmed that the protective layer formed on the mild steel. Furthermore, assessed the theoretical calculations for exploring the inhibition mechanism. A maximum of 95.77% inhibition efficiency was achieved using 250 ppm of HDTPPB. The obtained results showed that HDTPPB has greater inhibition ability than BTPPB and HTPPB. Adsorption studies obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Moreover, the increased alkyl chain length of ionic liquids did increase their inhibition efficiency. 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Effect of alkali treated palmyra fibers on strength and durability properties of binary blended concrete
The exponential growth in urban as well as industrial development has led to growing interest in waste management and utilizing industrial byproducts. The palmyra fiber is an abundantly available fiber extracted from the palmyra palm tree whose potential as reinforcing material is less explored. This study investigates the influence of alkali treated palmyra fibers on the strength and durability properties of binary blended concrete with 80% cement and 20% ground granulated blast-furnace slag. The alkali treated palmyra fibers of 50mm length were added in three different proportions of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% by mass of binder materials to produce M30 grade of concrete. The workability of binary blended concrete was reduced with the addition of alkali treated palmyra fibers. Comprehensive investigations were carried out on both mechanical (compressive, split tensile, and flexural strength) and durability properties (sorptivity, resistance to sulphate and acid attack). Additionally, the performance under impact loading was also evaluated. The results reveal that compressive strength nominally reduced by 312% with the addition of fibers, while tensile strength and flexural strength increased with every increment in fiber content. The inclusion of palmyra fibers considerably increased impact resistance, ranging from 300 to 600% compared to conventional concrete. Also, palmyra fiber reinforced concrete exhibited better resistance to sulphate attack. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Effect of age and gender on dietary patterns, mindful eating, body image and confidence
The emergence of Diet Culture came into existence with the era of pop culture, which emphasized the idea of body improvement by embracing the portrayal of unrealistic beauty standards set by the thin-ideal media. This growing and trending culture gained its popularity in India with the COVID pandemic and the imposed lockdown, wherein the prevalence of obesity and binge eating resulted from counter-regulatory eating behaviors and restrictive food intake to a greater extent of skipping meals to achieve the desired body type. The present empirical investigation focuses on understanding the gender and age-based differences (between the ages 18 to 55) among Indian population on dietary patterns, body image, mindful eating and physical appearance confidence using 2 3 factorial design. The tools used were Eating Behavior Pattern Questionnaire (EBPQ) [43], Body Self- image Questionnaire (BSIQ) [40], Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ) [18] and Personal Evaluation Inventory (PEI) [44] were administered on a sample size of 120, selected using convenience sampling technique. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0. Results of the study reveal non-significant age and gender differences for mindful eating and appearance confidence. Significant age- differences were observed for Snacking and convenience F(2,114) = 6.22, p <.05; social dependence F(2,114) = 3.87, p <.05 and height dissatisfaction F(2,114) = 8.79, p <.05. And, significant gender differences were observed for Meal Skipping F(1,114) = 6.46, P <.05; snacking and convenience F(1,114) = 4.19, p <.05; fatness evaluation F(1,114) = 5.94, p <.05 and fitness evaluation F(1,114) = 5.33, p <.05. The only significant interaction effect observed was for social dependence dimension F(2, 114) = 3.96, p <.05. Thus, high exposure to social media and diet-related content contributed significantly to changing dietary patterns, and how they look, feel or perceive their body. 2023, BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature. -
Effect of a surface polarized layer on the optical properties of a nematic cell
The optical properties of a cell of nematic liquid crystal presenting a tilted surface polarization submitted to an electric field are theoretically investigated. The origin of the surface polarization is assumed to be related to the interaction of the nematic molecules with the substrate and to the polar order due to the cell filling procedure. The analysis shows that the coupling of the surface polarization with the external field has different effects on the two surfaces limiting the sample. On one of them, the coupling gives rise, in an unbounded sample, to a continuous variation of the easy angle, whereas on the other one it is responsible for a first-order like transition of the easy axis orientation. For a sample of finite thickness our analysis shows that in the presence of a coupling between the two surfaces, operated by the elastic properties of the liquid crystal, the abrupt variation of the easy axis on one of the surfaces induces also on the other surface a discontinuity on the nematic surface orientation. The optical transmission of the cell versus the amplitude of the applied voltage, for an impinging monochromatic linearly polarized light, presents a discontinuity for the critical voltage at which the first-order transition of the surface tilt angles appears. 2023 Elsevier B.V.