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Knowing human gaze
Studies have examined the understanding of human gaze in animals. Gaze following in human infants has been successfully demonstrated, showing that infants can follow the eye direction of another though the ability to represent the intentions of gaze behaviour emerges only after the onset of object permanence or a period over eighteen months of age. Comparative studies indicate that gaze following or gazing at humans vary in different species of animals. Wolves for example were observed to look least at human experimenters during a performance task, whereas dogs turned to look more often and monkeys looked to a lesser extent at their experimenters. It is of interest to discuss that gaze following is different from understanding gaze. Dogs have been observed to be successful in gaze following and almost at par with young children. However, the intention of another's gaze is not as clearly understood by dogs as in humans. We (Ittyerah and Gaunet 2009) have shown that the response of dogs to the gaze of their caretakers did not differ between guide dogs of the blind and pet dogs of sighted people. Both groups of dogs seemed to have responded to the head direction of their caretakers during a search task, indicating that the visual status of the caretaker did not affect the dog's understanding of human gaze. Further some breeds of dogs may respond more often to gaze, while larger inter ocular distances in large dogs could facilitate their response to visual cues. Therefore awareness of interactions between breed and physical size could contribute to studying gaze and cognition among dogs. -
Knowing Human Gaze
Studies have examined the understanding of human gaze in animals. Gaze following in human infants has been successfully demonstrated, showing that infants can follow the eye direction of another though the ability to represent the intentions of gaze behaviour emerges only after the onset of object permanence or a period over eighteen months of age. Comparative studies indicate that gaze following or gazing at humans vary in different species of animals. Wolves for example were observed to look least at human experimenters during a performance task, whereas dogs turned to look more often and monkeys looked to a lesser extent at their experimenters. It is of interest to discuss that gaze following is different from understanding gaze. Dogs have been observed to be successful in gaze following and almost at par with young children. However, the intention of another's gaze is not as clearly understood by dogs as in humans. We (Ittyerah and Gaunet 2009) have shown that the response of dogs to the gaze of their caretakers did not differ between guide dogs of the blind and pet dogs of sighted people. Both groups of dogs seemed to have responded to the head direction of their caretakers during a search task, indicating that the visual status of the caretaker did not affect the dog's understanding of human gaze. Further some breeds of dogs may respond more often to gaze, while larger inter ocular distances in large dogs could facilitate their response to visual cues. Therefore awareness of interactions between breed and physical size could contribute to studying gaze and cognition among dogs. 2012 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. -
Hand ability and practice in congenitally blind children
The assumption that blind children will improve in ability with practice in spatial tasks was tested in a group of 90 congenitally blind and blindfolded sighted children between the ages of 5 and 15 years. All the children were tested for hand preference. The children were then pre-tested and post-tested on four tasks that measured various hand skills with their left and right hands. The period of practice between the pre and post-test was four months. Results indicated a percentage gain with practice during development for the left and the right hands of the blind children. The left and right hands of both groups of children did not differ in percentage gain, indicating little or no relationship between hand preference and hand ability. The effects of practice showed gains for the blind children compared to the sighted blindfolded children in the post-test. Results are discussed with a view that use of self- referent cues can improve spatial ability in blind children. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009. -
Bands used as PR tool in malayalam movies /
In recent times Rock Bands have done an outstanding work in the Malayalam Film Industry. Rock Bands are often used as PR tool to promote the movies. Till now Bands like Avial, Vidwan, Black Letters, Thakara, Kolam, The Down Troddence, Thaikkudam Bridge etc have made an exceptional mark in the industry. The research paper intends to shed some light on these bands and how they are portrayed as an emerging trend. The youth and crowd today are immensely attracted towards these. -
Leveraging Business Intelligence to Explore AI-Driven Transformation in the VUCA and BANI World
Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven technological advancements often create competitive business models especially in the unpredictable BANI and VUCA environments. This chapter focuses on the role AI in transforming Business Intelligence (BI) while allowing efficient decision-making and strategic planning. The AI can transform a business using predictive analytics for volatility, automation to address complexity, decision support in non-linear scenarios, personalized user experiences, reliance on adaptive systems, improving employee productivity, and promoting sustainability. A detailed plan is implemented including resource allocation and timeline for the tasks. Using a mixed class agile methodology, a case study is developed for managing the pandemic crisis in the future for the BANI world. The BI-driven insights regarding mortality rates, infection spread, and economic impact help policymakers form informed and effective decisions. The results demonstrate that AI-driven BI offers improved efficiency, accuracy, scalability, and cost reduction in the BANI world. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Mathematical Modeling for Evaluating the Mechanical Properties of High Strength Concrete with Natural Zeolite and Additives
The cement manufacturing industry is a major contributor to atmospheric pollution, primarily due to carbon dioxide emissions. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop eco-friendly concrete capable of mitigating air pollution by sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide. In this context, the incorporation of Natural Zeolite in concrete has been investigated, as it can absorb environmental carbon dioxide. This study explored the effects of partial cement replacement with Natural Zeolite (5%) and varying percentages of Silica Fume, Metakaolin, and Fly Ash (5%, 10%, and 15%) on the mechanical properties and carbon sequestration potential of High Strength Concrete (HSC). Comprehensive testing was conducted to evaluate the split tensile, compressive, and flexural strengths of the modified HSC. Experimental results indicated that the addition of Natural Zeolite and Metakaolin enhanced the strength of HSC, with Mix 3 displaying a higher 90-day compressive strength compared to the reference mix. The findings suggest that incorporating Natural Zeolite and other supplementary cementitious materials in concrete has the potential to alleviate environmental pollution. The dataset, comprising 900 samples, exhibited no autocorrelation or multicollinearity issues, making it suitable for multiple regression analysis. The statistically significant regression models developed in this study can effectively predict concrete strength. (2023). All Rights Reserved. -
Use of zeolite and industrial waste materials in high strength concrete - A review
Concrete is widely used in construction material by the construction industry. It is considered as a vital material because of its properties. Different grades of concrete (M10, M20, M30, M40, M50, M60and M70) are used in construction and are chosen based on the requirements. Higher grade concrete requires cement of different properties. The manufacturing process of cement, releases a huge amount of Carbon footprints. To reduce the emission of CO2, usage of virgin cement can be minimized by partially replacing with pozzolanic materials or industrial wastes like zeolite, metakaolin, silica fume and fly ash. These materials improve the durability and strength of concrete by filling the pores and reduce the porosity and permeability of the concrete without compromising on the desired properties. For sustainable development and protecting the environment, enormous research has been done on concrete by using various industrial waste materials. This article is a state-of-the-art review of research on the use of industrial waste materials to produce High Strength Concrete (HSC). Different materials were studied to prepare HSC by using distinct methods. Different experimental tests were conducted on concrete when cement is partially replaced with industrial waste materials and are compared with conventional concrete. It is observed that the partial replacement of cement with zeolite, metakaolin, fly ash, and silica fume, the properties of concrete increases up to certain age and mixing proportions when compared to conventional concrete. It is observed that there is limited research was done on zeolite with the combination of industrial waste materials for health analysis of the structures at different w/c ratios for large production. So, further investigation is needed on the technical, environmental, economic aspects and educating the public through the use of industrial waste materials as a sustainable approach. 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Divulging the teachers job satisfaction effect on better work performance
The achievement and ruin of man's presence depends on how he functions adequately. In the event that he acknowledges what he does, with all the information and capability he has, there won't be even a solitary explanation behind him not to succeed. This study is an endeavor to research or to discover the impact of job satisfaction on teacher's better work performance among secondary teachers especially in aided and unaided sectors in Bangalore. To accomplish this objective, a survey was organized and was regulated to a sample of 1294 among the secondary school teachers, educating in aided and unaided sectors in Bangalore. In the wake of gathering the surveys, the quantitative information was arranged, coded and isolated based upon the real subjects and the individual study hypothesis. The outcomes uncovered the job satisfaction impacts on Better Work Performance. The discoveries give us a superior comprehension of the way of the theories demonstrates that job satisfaction significantly affect teachers better work performance better way of the teachers chose under the specimen concentrate on. Maybe, the execution won't not hold an affecting variable on job satisfaction in business area. IAEME Publication. -
Revising the intention of indulging customer relationship and revenue management in next of kin with B2B and B2C
This study is made for the purpose of understanding Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Revenue Management (RM) in relation with Business-to-Business (B2B) and Business-to-Consumer (B2C) aspects in the hospitality industry. The outcomes from this study are generated by doing a Quantitative and a Qualitative study in four hotels in the city of Ban galore, Karnataka, India. This study focuses on the revenue management and sales and marketing departments in the hotels and the effects that CRM and RM have on the B2C and B2B aspects concerned by these hotels. This Quantitative study comprises of a six item scale and seventy questionnaires with respondents opinions and views from the Revenue Management department and the Sales and Marketing Departments in these four hotels. This has been achieved through the examination of the dimensions in relation to hospitality sales and maintenance of relationship with the consumers and other businesses of the hotel and the revenue management aspects in the management of these hotels. Key findings of this study are based on the aspects of-measure, Acquisition, Regaining, Maintaining, Retaining and Exit strategies that are maintained by the sales and marketing and the revenue management departments of the hotel towards the Consumers and the other Businesses on which the hotels focus their marketing aspects and revenue management strategies. The other aspects of key findings are the development and maintenance of relationships with B2C market segments and the progressing maintenance and development of the old and new B2B strategies implemented by the hotels in many different ways. IAEME Publication. -
The design and analysis of helical cross - Axis wind turbine
Environmental conditions such as high turbulence, low wind speed, and persistent changes in oncoming wind direction can minimize the performance of a horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT). Some specific vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) designs can work fine in these rare functioning conditions but still, they pose an occasional power coefficient. So a unique design of a helical cross-axis wind turbine (HCAWT) was modeled which will operate under multiple wind directions such as horizontal wind stream and vertical wind stream from the underside of the turbine. The HCAWT consists of three helical vertical blades and six horizontal blades arranged in cross-axis orientation for enhancing its performance and self-starting behavior. The obtained analysis study results show that the power generated by the HCWAT was improved when compared to the Straight-Bladed VAWT. Both the turbines were placed at height of 100, 150, 200 & 250?mm in the simulation study, coefficient of power (Cp) achieved by HCAWT was 0.43, 0.52, 0.48, and 0.51 at an RPM of 554, 512, 474 and 449 respectively whereas in the case of Straight-Bladed VAWT was 0.15, 0.18, 0.13 and 0.23 at an RPM of 179, 189, 212 and 233 were obtained. 2022 Author(s). -
Unravelling Financial Resilience in India: A Multi-Group Analysis of Socio-Economic Factors
This research investigates the intricate relationship between financial literacy (FL), financial behavior (FB), and financial resilience (FR) across various socio-economic dimensions such as age, gender, income, and education. Building on previous studies, this paper focuses on how these factors may moderate the connection between FL and FR, with FB's role as a mediator. Conducted in Kerala, a region renowned for its high literacy rate, data from 270 participants was collected through an online survey using convenience sampling. The data was then analysed using IBM SPSS AMOS for Structural Equation Modelling, a widely accepted statistical tool. The analysis reveals robust evidence supporting positive relationships between FL-FB, FB-FR, and FL-FR. Additionally, FB partially mediates the FL-FR relationship. Multigroup analysis highlights distinct impacts across subgroups, emphasizing the nuanced interplay between these socioeconomic factors and financial outcomes. The study's conclusions, which highlight the urgent need for focused initiatives to improve financial literacy and promote responsible financial behaviour across a range of demographic groups, provide important new insights into financial dynamics. Such initiatives are essential for bolstering financial resilience and ensuring economic stability amidst varying socio-economic contexts and should be a priority for policymakers and practitioners. 2024, Iquz Galaxy Publisher. All rights reserved. -
Smart healthcare system design: Security and privacy aspects
SMART HEALTHCARE SYSTEM DESIGN This book deeply discusses the major challenges and issues for security and privacy aspects of smart health-care systems. The Internet-of-Things (IoT) has emerged as a powerful and promising technology, and though it has significant technological, social, and economic impacts, it also poses new security and privacy challenges. Compared with the traditional internet, the IoT has various embedded devices, mobile devices, a server, and the cloud, with different capabilities to support multiple services. The pervasiveness of these devices represents a huge attack surface and, since the IoT connects cyberspace to physical space, known as a cyber-physical system, IoT attacks not only have an impact on information systems, but also affect physical infrastructure, the environment, and even human security. The purpose of this book is to help achieve a better integration between the work of researchers and practitioners in a single medium for capturing state-of-the-art IoT solutions in healthcare applications, and to address how to improve the proficiency of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in healthcare. It explores possible automated solutions in everyday life, including the structures of healthcare systems built to handle large amounts of data, thereby improving clinical decisions. The 14 separate chapters address various aspects of the IoT system, such as design challenges, theory, various protocols, implementation issues, as well as several case studies. Smart Healthcare System Design covers the introduction, development, and applications of smart healthcare models that represent the current state-of-the-art of various domains. The primary focus is on theory, algorithms, and their implementation targeted at real-world problems. It will deal with different applications to give the practitioner a flavor of how IoT architectures are designed and introduced into various situations. Audience: Researchers and industry engineers in information technology, artificial intelligence, cyber security, as well as designers of healthcare systems, will find this book very valuable. 2021 Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved. -
Blockchain Technology for Emerging Applications: A Comprehensive Approach
Blockchain Technology for Emerging Applications: A Comprehensive Approach explores recent theories and applications of the execution of blockchain technology. Chapters look at a wide range of application areas, including healthcare, digital physical frameworks, web of-things, smart transportation frameworks, interruption identification frameworks, ballot-casting, architecture, smart urban communities, and digital rights administration. The book addresses the engineering, plan objectives, difficulties, constraints, and potential answers for blockchain-based frameworks. It also looks at blockchain-based design perspectives of these intelligent architectures for evaluating and interpreting real-world trends. Chapters expand on different models which have shown considerable success in dealing with an extensive range of applications, including their ability to extract complex hidden features and learn efficient representation in unsupervised environments for blockchain security pattern analysis. 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
A Study on Certain Topological Indices and Related Polynomials In Graphs
Topological indices are invariants of molecular graphs which are used for quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) or quantitative structure-activity newlinerelationship (QSAR) correlations. In this study, we have worked upon the bounds and exact expressions of certain specifc topological indices related with some graph newlineoperations. Further, we have determined the formulations of certain topological indices and co-indices for the total transformation graph. In addition, we have worked upon the reformulated forgotten index and obtained its exact expressions with respect to the transformation graphs and other graph product variants. We describe graph transformations, by means of which the reformulated forgotten index increases or decreases. Using these transformations, the trees, unicyclic and newlinebicyclic graphs extremal with respect to the index are characterized. We carried out newlinethe computation of equitable and non-equitable Zagreb and the relative equitable newlineand non-equitable Zagreb indices of certain chemical compounds like the polycyclic newlinearomatic hydrocarbons, the rhombus silicate, rhombus oxide and copper oxide networks using the equitable Zagreb polynomial formulations. As to demonstrate the application of our study, we have carried out the QSPR analysis of the anti-HIV and anti-Covid drugs with respect to the physico-chemical drug characteristics using the notion of Mand#8722;polynomial and topological indices, thus asserting that the indices taken under study are inherent units for the QSPR inspection of the drugs. -
Integrating Emerging Technologies: Enhancing Supply Chain Optimization Through AI, IoT, and Blockchain
The rapid rise of technologies like AI, IoT, and blockchain is transforming supply chain management by boosting efficiency, transparency, and resilience. This paper examines how these technologies optimize supply chains, focusing on predictive analytics, real- time monitoring, and secure data exchange. AI excels in automation and decision- making, IoT enables real- time data gathering, and blockchain ensures trust and transparency. Case studies from Amazon, Maersk, Walmart, and Pfizer illustrate improvements in efficiency, risk reduction, and cost savings. Additionally, challenges like high costs, data privacy, and lack of standardization are discussed, along with future trends in edge computing, quantum computing, and digital twins. The study highlights AI, IoT, and blockchain as essential to building smarter, adaptable supply chains capable of thriving in todays global economy. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Crafting Loyalty in the Age of Personalization: A Strategic Inquiry Into Customization and Consumer Commitment
In the fast-paced environment of the digital marketplace, customization and personalization have come to the forefront as the key drivers of consumer loyalty. Through data-driven approaches, brands can offer personalized experiences aligned with individual tastes, thus enhancing customer satisfaction and engagement. This research explores the influence of personalized and customized marketing initiatives on consumer loyalty, such as adaptive user interfaces, targeted email, and customized product offerings. With consumer expectations further enhancing themselves in terms of meaningful and relevant interactions, it is critical to explore the effectiveness of these approaches in driving long-term brand success. A quantitative approach will be utilized through a structured Google Form survey of more than 385 participants, including digital consumers and marketers. Correlation and regression will be used to explore the influence of personalization and customization on loyalty metrics such as repeat purchase, emotional brand attachment, and advocacy. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Navigating GDPR compliance: Transforming digital marketing in a privacy-first world
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), implemented by the European Union (EU), safeguards the personal data and privacy of individuals, granting them greater control over how their information is used and stored. This legislation mandates businesses to maintain transparency and responsibility in handling personal data, ensuring enhanced privacy and security for users. GDPR has significantly transformed the landscape of digital marketing by redefining data collection and usage practices. It necessitates that marketers adopt clear and transparent methods to respect user rights, fostering trust and compliance. Moreover, GDPR aims to prevent digital fraud and manipulation, particularly on E-commerce platforms, by reinforcing stringent data protection measures. As a result, GDPR not only strengthens individual privacy but also compels businesses to adopt ethical data practices, shaping a privacy-first approach to digital marketing. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Emerging Technologies Driving Sustainability in Automotive Supply Networks and Smart Mobility
With environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards at the center of the international business strategies, there is an ever- growing pressure on the automotive industry to be able to guarantee ethical procurement sound carbon footprints and supply chain transparency. This paper examines the lucrative way in which Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Blockchain are soon to transform the sphere of ESG compliance and become the source of end- to- end supply chain visibility. It explores existing issues, namely, fragmentation of data, the lack of its traceability, and the inappropriateness of regulations. The study states the importance of AI to forecast sustainability threats, and the ability of the Blockchain to deliver immutable records of sourcing, logistics, and emissions. It also assesses regulatory bodies, the scale- related problems, and proposes a road map towards incorporation of such technologies, and finally, gives a model of how digital change can be implemented in the creation of responsible, sustainable, and smart networks of automobiles. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Gamification for Tomorrow: Investigating Emerging Trends and Sustainable Strategies in Complex Service Ecosystems
Gamification is transforming service ecosystems by enhancing engagement and promoting sustainability. This research examines how elements like challenges, rewards, and feedback loops are integrated into healthcare, education, and environmental management. By driving motivation and participation, gamification improves outcomes and fosters community involvement in sustainability efforts. However, its long-term impact depends on overcoming challenges such as the need for standardized frameworks, ethical concerns over user autonomy, and data privacy risks. Emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and augmented reality (AR) are reshaping gamified experiences, offering personalized and immersive solutions that encourage sustainable behavior. This study underscores the opportunities and responsibilities associated with gamification, highlighting its potential to drive innovation while emphasizing ethical implementation and adaptability to evolving technologies. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved.