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Crafting Loyalty in the Age of Personalization: A Strategic Inquiry Into Customization and Consumer Commitment
In the fast-paced environment of the digital marketplace, customization and personalization have come to the forefront as the key drivers of consumer loyalty. Through data-driven approaches, brands can offer personalized experiences aligned with individual tastes, thus enhancing customer satisfaction and engagement. This research explores the influence of personalized and customized marketing initiatives on consumer loyalty, such as adaptive user interfaces, targeted email, and customized product offerings. With consumer expectations further enhancing themselves in terms of meaningful and relevant interactions, it is critical to explore the effectiveness of these approaches in driving long-term brand success. A quantitative approach will be utilized through a structured Google Form survey of more than 385 participants, including digital consumers and marketers. Correlation and regression will be used to explore the influence of personalization and customization on loyalty metrics such as repeat purchase, emotional brand attachment, and advocacy. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Crafting inclusive curricula: Strategies for equitable literacy education
The journey towards inclusive curriculum design is both complex and transformative, requiring a fundamental shift in addressing the diverse needs of students. This chapter explores the multifaceted nature of inclusive curriculum development as a vital pathway to achieving educational equity, particularly in literacy education. By integrating principles such as differentiated instruction, culturally relevant materials, and Universal Design for Learning (UDL), educators can create dynamic, responsive curricula that honor cultural, linguistic, and cognitive diversity. Sustaining these efforts demands collaboration among policymakers, educators, parents, and communities, along with strategic investments in teacher training, assistive technologies, and inclusive resources. This chapter underscores the necessity of proactive and sustained commitment to fostering equitable, engaging, and empowering educational environments for all learners. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Crafting an experiencescape for sustainable cultural tourism: A case study of udaipur's craft village "Shilpgram"
India, known for its rich and varied cultural heritage, hosts numerous fairs and festivals as vibrant platforms to showcase its diversity. Events like the Kala Ghoda Arts Festival, Ellora-Ajanta International Festival, Surajkund Crafts Mela, Pushkar Fair, and many others celebrate the country's artistic and cultural wealth. This book chapter explores sustainable culture and heritage development in Udaipur's craft village, 'Shilpgram.' The village hosts an annual craft fair during the peak tourist season, attracting artists across India to showcase their unique crafts, folk dances, and paintings. This chapter assesses Shilpgram's feasibility as an experiencescape model using a case study method. Interviews with key stakeholders provided insight into the destination's difficulties, strengths, and best practices. The study adds to our understanding of cultural locations' responsibilities in cultural tourism by balancing historical preservation with current expectations. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Cr2MoAlC2 MAX phase and its derivative Cr2MoC2Tx MXene for supercapacitors and electrocatalytic water splitting
The expanding research on 2D MXenes has enabled new strategies to engineer material properties via structural design. While bimetallic or double transition metal (DTM) MXenes have continued to gain attention since their emergence in 2015, their versatile structure and exceptional physicochemical properties have inspired wide exploration. This study reports the synthesis of the Cr2MoAlC2 MAX phase and its derivative Cr2MoC2Tx MXene (Tx = F/OH/O), leveraging the synergistic incorporation of Cr and Mo as dual transition metals. The structural, thermal, chemical, and surface morphology characteristics were analyzed using various techniques. Cr2MoC2Tx MXene exhibits superior pseudocapacitance performance as an electrode material, achieving a specific capacitance of 1350 F g?1 at 1 A g?1 with 84% retention over 5000 cycles. In a two-electrode asymmetric device, Cr2MoC2Tx MXene delivers a specific capacitance of 438.3 F g?1 at 1 A g?1, an energy density of ?87.66 Wh kg?1, and a power density of 1200 W kg?1. Additionally, Cr2MoC2Tx MXene demonstrates excellent electrocatalytic activity for water splitting applications, with overpotentials of 186 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 280 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), at 10 mA cm?2. This dual functionality, driven by the synergistic interaction between Cr and Mo, establishes Cr2MoC2Tx MXene as a promising material for both energy storage and hydrogen production, positioning it as a competitive candidate among state-of-the-art materials. Furthermore, this research aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7, contributing to the advancement of high-performance electrode materials for next-generation electrochemical applications. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2026. -
Cr2C MXene quantum dots for selective detection of mercury ions
Mercury (Hg), a highly toxic environmental contaminant that presents significant ecological and health risks, even at low concentrations. There is an urgent need for precise and sensitive methods for detecting Hg2+ ions in the environment. In recent years, a new class of 2D layered materials, MXene, has gained enormous attention due to their unique properties, such as high surface area, oxidation resistance, thermal and chemical stability, electrical and thermal conductivity. This study presents the synthesis and characterization of Cr2C MXene quantum dots (MQDs) derived from Cr2CTx nanolayered MXene sheets via the probe-sonication method. The Cr2C-MQDs were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDS mapping, and Zeta potential analysis. The vibrant green fluorescence material, Cr2C-MQDs, was investigated for Hg2+ detection, which exhibited high selectivity and stability with a limit of detection of 30.7 nM. The sensing mechanism is attributed to the strong affinity of Cr2C MXene quantum dots for Hg2+ ions. 2025 Elsevier B.V. -
CPAODV: Classifying and Assigning 3 Level Preference to the Nodes in VANET Using AODV Based CBAODV Algorithm
Vehicles communicate with nearby vehicles to share high routing and traffic information in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) environment. Congestion and Delay in the transmission may occur due to the density of the nodes in the network. Traffic condition depends on the vehicles in Rural and Urban environment. Increase or Decrease in vehicles speed makes significant network changes when compared to the MANET environment. Road Side Terminals (RSTs) plays a major role in bridging the connection between the sender and the receiver nodes. The traditional AODV algorithm performs better when there are shortest path and link lifetime between the nodes in VANET. Giving 3 Level Preference to the nodes as High Preference (HP), Average Preference (AP) and Less Preference (LP) gives chances to nodes that have High Preference when compared to Less Preference. CPAODV model is proposed by implementing Classifying and giving preference to the RREQ to mitigate latency to the nodes. RST sends RREQ wisely based on the early model of Route Discovery stage itself. NS2 Simulator is used to analyze the strength of the proposed algorithm using QoS metrics like Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio and End to End delay. This proposed CPAODV method performs better when compared to traditional AODV and CBAODV algorithm. 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Coyote optimization algorithm for optimal allocation of interline Photovoltaic battery storage system in islanded electrical distribution network considering EV load penetration
In current times, there is a need to do power system planning to endure situations of any kind. An islanding operation is one such unavoidable situation that may be required in many cases for both technical and economic reasons. First and foremost, this paper focuses on the determination of the best allotment of Interline-Photovoltaic (I-PV) system as per Electric Vehicle (EV) load penetration in the network. With different operational constraints, a multi-objective optimization using real power loss and voltage deviation index is formulated and solved using the Coyote Optimization Algorithm (COA).The paper highlights the computational efficiency of COA with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), in addition to various literary works, and the results suggest the superiority of COA by its global optima. The required battery energy storage system (BESS) capacity for supplying an islanded network's entire load demand for a day is determined in the second stage. The simulations were carried out on the IEEE 33-bus electrical distribution network (EDN) contemplating different levels of EV load penetration. The proposed methodology results have proved that the required energy is provided by optimal I-PV-BESS backup for a daylong islanding operation and its adaptability for practical situations. 2021 Elsevier Ltd -
COVID-19: Trend analysis for market arrival of green gram in India
The unprecedented crisis hovering over the world due to Covid-19 pandemic has structurally impacted every sector of the world economy. This paper attempts to study the impact of ongoing pandemic in the agricultural sector specific to pulses in India. This paper finds that there is a significantly negative impact of Covid-19 on the pulses market. The market arrival of pulses has declined in the recent period while market demand for pulses has increased, therefore, there exists a supply side shortage for pulses in the domestic economy of India. This paper suggests that Government of India (Agriculture Department) urgently needs to deal with this shortage in supply of domestic pulses in "mandis" (agricultural markets). In this paper market arrival for pulses particularly green gram (Moong whole) has been forecasted for the next few months in Indian Agricultural Markets with the forecasting techniques such as Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique for pre and during pandemic period by using the arrival data in agriculture markets of India from Agmarknet. The results of this study using ARIMA models and ANNs have been compared to obtain the final conclusions with higher visibility in forecasting performance, which shows that there will be a sharp decline in market arrival with an average arrival of 494 quintals per day which can be maximized up to 623 quintals per day by stimulating the modal price at maximum possible point. Therefore, the urgent need of upscaling the technical efficiency of the farmers in different agro-climatic zones is needed to meet the domestic demand with domestic supply. 2020 DAV College. All rights reserved. -
COVID-19, religious events, and indian tourism recovery: Prospects and paradoxes
The chapter delves into three objectives. Firstly, the chapter aims to find out the intersectionalities of religious events and the Indian tourism industry. For the second objective, the impact of the COVID-19 disease on religious events will be briefly discussed. Lastly, this work will discuss the various emergent prospects, themes, trends, and challenges that will emerge on the paths of the recovery of religious events and pilgrimage tourism post-COVID-19. This work is theoretical in nature and can be classified as a viewpoint article that follows a conceptual research design. Copyright 2023, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. 2023 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Covid-19, macroeconomic policies, and analysis of the inflation-unemployment dynamics in india
Indian economy could largely withstand the adversities of 2008 recession, the signs of a downturn were clearer by 2017 following the arrival of twin policies, Demonetization as well as the Goods and Services Tax. The COVID-19 pandemic has deepened the crisis leading to a significant reduction in production and total expenditure. Although India has resorted to a combination of conventional policies monetary as well as fiscal injections to face the economic crisis, it has had serious negative consequences on production and employment. We investigate the nature of relationship between inflation and unemployment during the recession and the pandemic times using the non-linear regression analysis. The results reveal that the recessionary phase has given way to a stagflationary situation owing to inflation persistence in the short run. We suggest the usefulness of a more comprehensive term structure strat?gy to deal with the adverse supply shocks and policy failures. Indian Institute of Finance. -
COVID-19 Pandemic: Review on Emerging Technology Involvement with Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is the latest technology that has a significant influence on everyones life. During the COVID-19 crisis, cloud computing aids cooperation, communication, and vital Internet services. The pandemic situation made the people switch to online mode. The technology helped to bridge the gap between the work space and personal space. A quick evaluation of cloud computing services to health care is conducted through this study in COVID situation. A short overview on how cloud computing technologies are critical for addressing the current predicament has been held. The paper also discusses distant working of cloud computing in health care. Moreover, cloud infrastructure provides a way to connect with different aid personnel. The patient data can be transferred to the cloud for monitoring, surveillance, and diagnosis. Thus, health care is provided instantaneously to all the individuals. Additionally, the study addresses the privacy and security-related issues with appropriate solutions. The paper also briefs on the different kind of services are provided by different CSPs that are cloud service providers to confront this epidemic. This article primarily focuses on cloud computing technology involvement in COVID, and secondary focus is on other technology like blockchain, drones, machine learning and Internet of things in COVID-19. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Covid-19 pandemic: How do the family businesses in India cope with the crisis?
The Covid-19 pandemic brought about a major economic breakdown throughout the world due to the shutting down of businesses and organizations. Covid-19 took a toll on India also, the second-most populous country. In India, family-run businesses are the deep-rooted, oldest, and most widespread form of business ownership. Most family businesses, while keeping the welfare of their customers, employees, and communities in mind, have resorted to remote work and halting non-essential work. The government of India took measures mainly consisting of an increased moratorium period, corporate tax cuts, lower interest on delayed tax payments, extension in return filing deadline, and other policy decisions. This study discusses the impact of Covid-19 on family businesses and how family businesses cope with the shock to the system. In addition, it covers innovative and strategic solutions adopted by the family businesses as a shield to their business against the impact of the crisis and to grow progressively overcoming the pandemic situation. 2023, IGI Global. -
COVID-19 pandemic, risk-reduction strategies and crisis management in the travel insurance sector
Travel has always been considered to be a risky affair as there are multiple uncertainties associated with it. Though the tourism industry has developed sophisticated methods to manage these risks, there are still certain uncontrollable and unforeseen circumstances that might affect the physical, emotional, and mental state of travellers. The result would be a huge financial burden for the traveller and increased frustration towards the tour operator. The concept of travel insurance was introduced to relieve travellers of such unforeseen risks while travelling. Moreover, the Covid 19 pandemic has instilled a sense of fear and doubt among the minds of travellers which affects their travel decision-making to a large extent. Destinations and tourism suppliers have introduced various risk reduction strategies and methods to resolve this issue. This paper focuses on understanding the concept of risk associated with travel, the various dimensions of risk management, and the key strategies adopted by tour operators and suppliers to minimize such risks. 2023 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. -
COVID-19 pandemic and trade flows: empirical evidence from selected Asian Pacific countries
Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on trade flows in Asia Pacific countries and explores the causality between COVID-19-related shocks and trade. Design/methodology/approach: The authors used two novel techniques, namely, two-stage instrumental-variables (2SIV) approach and Juodis, Karavias and Sarafids (JKS) causality test, to examine trade dynamics in the Asia Pacific region during the pandemic. Findings: Using the monthly trade data of 17 Asia Pacific countries between January 2020 and December 2021, the results were threefold. Firstly, the empirical analysis showed that during the COVID-19 crisis, the flow of exports tended to persist idiosyncratically in comparison to the flow of imports. In particular, a specific finding was that the persistence level in exports was about 20%25% higher than that in imports. Secondly, the authors found that the past values of COVID-19 cases and COVID-19 deaths contain information that helps to predict exports/imports over and above the information contained in the past values of exports/imports alone. Finally, the study established that the government response and stringency indexes have a Granger-causal relationship with exports and imports. Research limitations/implications: For the foreseeable future, these findings have significant policy ramifications. Firstly, if a COVID-19 crisis-like situation emerges in the future, it will be critical for countries to maintain their competitiveness throughout the crisis, like the COVID-19 pandemic, while also rebuilding trade relationships wherever possible. Secondly, because information about government responses and measures can also be used to predict future trade flows, prudent management of government responses and stringent measures will be necessary in a crisis like COVID-19 to achieve the optimum level of exports and imports. At the same time, the trading partners should give up the idea of trade protection and focus on finding a way to balance the conflicting needs of imports and exports. Originality/value: To the best of the authors knowledge, the authors, for the first time, used a 2SIV approach and JKS causality test to examine trade dynamics in the Asia Pacific region during the pandemic. In addition, the authors present the first comprehensive analysis of the evolving relationships between export and import flows and governmental policy responses under COVID-19. As a result, it contributes uniquely to both public and international economics. 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
COVID-19 pandemic and preparedness of teachers for online synchronous classes
COVID-19 pandemic has forced educational institutes to shut down, and teachers are compelled to adopt technology ardently so that the teaching-learning process does not suffer. Gradually, it is being realised that synchronous online classes are required to enhance the teaching-learning experience. The major challenge in India is the lack of preparedness of the teachers, as most teachers have little experience with technology. Nevertheless, they have to adapt themselves quickly. However, to effectively use technology for synchronous online teaching, teachers have to be technology ready and proficient with utilising the platform used for online classes. This study attempts to understand the impact of teachers preparedness on the use of online platforms for synchronous teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper integrates the technology readiness index (TRI) and technology acceptance model (TAM), also known as the TR and acceptance model (TRAM), to investigate the phenomenon mentioned above. Copyright 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
COVID-19 outbreak prediction using quantum neural networks
Artificial intelligence has become an important tool in fight against COVID-19. Machine learning models for COVID-19 global pandemic predictions have shown a higher accuracy than the previously used statistical models used by epidemiologists. With the advent of quantum machine learning, we present a comparative analysis of continuous variable quantum neural networks (variational circuits) and quantum backpropagation multilayer perceptron (QBMLP). We analyze the convoluted and sporadic data of two affected countries, and hope that our study will help in effective modeling of outbreak while throwing a light on bright future of quantum machine learning. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021. -
COVID-19 in pregnant women and children: Insights on clinical manifestations, complexities, and pathogenesis
Pregnancy changes the body's immune system to counteract the spectrum of infections, including COVID-19, which can pose complications. Pregnant women are less likely to contract COVID-19 infections than the general public. However, pregnant women are at slightly increased risk of becoming severely unwell if they do catch COVID-19, and congenital conditions in pregnant women may worsen the state of infection and lead to critical stages and even mortality. The possibility of vertical transmission has been reported in only a few cases of COVID-19; however, it was not noted in cases of SARS and MERS. Vaccination coverage in pregnant women remains a challenge. Children are the next suspected and vulnerable population to acquire infection after the first and second waves. Children are disproportionately infected compared with older populations, but the severity of infection is less compared to adults. This review highlights the complexities of COVID-19 in pregnant women and the underlying reasons why children tend to be comparatively less severely affected. Ethnicity, nutrition, lifestyle, and therapeutics influence the severity of infection in children. Low expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, indigenous virus competence, and maternal immunity is the first-line defense for children against COVID-19. Habituating herbal medicines from childhood may help support a robust and defensive immune system to counteract novel antigens and encourage healthy generations. 2021 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics -
COVID-19 Effects on Learning Behaviour of Tourism Students for Sustainable Education: The Malaysian Context
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the alarming spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) began to shock the world on 31 December 2019, and it was first detected in Wuhan, Hubei, in China when a patient presented with pneumonia. To date, the virus has recorded over 2,088,663 cases worldwide. The impact of COVID-19 would be precisely worrying as it aggravated not only tourism but also the learning behaviour of tourism students. What are the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the learning behaviour of tourism students? What lessons could be learned to make it more sustainable for the students? And finally, what would be the suggested resilient strategies for the tourism students in the post-pandemic era? There is no original study conducted to focalise investigation on revealing the negative characteristics of COVID-19 and the learning curve of university students in Malaysia. However, the main objectives of this chapter are to provide an overview of the effects of COVID-19 in the learning behaviour of tourism students for sustainable education and the factors that distress students minds and how these helped students to share the positive aspects with others. It is gradually visible that the effects of COVID-19 on learning behaviour and dangers to university students in Malaysia and their significance on students emotional change or learning behaviours are not well perceived. This chapter recommends that educational institutions produce studies to proliferate and document the pandemics impact on the educational system. It is crucial for tourism students for sustainable education in the current time. 2023 Priyakrushna Mohanty, Anukrati Sharma, James Kennell and Azizul Hassan. -
Covid-19 ct lung image segmentation using adaptive donkey and smuggler optimization algorithm
COVID'19 has caused the entire universe to be in existential health crisis by spreading globally in the year 2020. The lungs infection is detected in Computed Tomography (CT) images which provide the best way to increase the existing healthcare schemes in preventing the deadly virus. Nevertheless, separating the infected areas in CT images faces various issues such as lowintensity difference among normal and infectious tissue and high changes in the characteristics of the infection. To resolve these issues, a newinf-Net (Lung Infection Segmentation Deep Network) is designed for detecting the affected areas from the CT images automatically. For the worst segmentation results, the Edge-Attention Representation (EAR) is optimized using Adaptive Donkey and Smuggler Optimization (ADSO). The edges which are identified by the ADSO approach is utilized for calculating dissimilarities. An IFCM (Intuitionistic Fuzzy C-Means) clustering approach is applied for computing the similarity of the EA component among the generated edge maps and Ground-Truth (GT) edge maps. Also, a Semi-Supervised Segmentation (SSS) structure is designed using the Randomly Selected Propagation (RP) technique and Inf-Net, which needs only less number of images and unlabelled data. Semi-Supervised Multi-Class Segmentation (SSMCS) is designed using a Bi-LSTM (Bi-Directional Long-Short-Term-memory), acquires all the advantages of the disease segmentation done using Semi Inf-Net and enhances the execution of multi-class disease labelling. The newly designed SSMCS approach is compared with existing U-Net++, MCS, and Semi-Inf-Net. factors such as MAE (Mean Absolute Error), Structure measure, Specificity (Spec), Dice Similarity coefficient, Sensitivity (Sen), and Enhance-Alignment Measure are considered for evaluation purpose. 2022 Tech Science Press. All rights reserved. -
COVID-19 COMICS AS GRAPHIC NETWORKS OF NON-EMERGENT HEALTHCARE: A MULTIMODAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF PANDEMIC COMICS
COVID-19 comic discourses articulating lived experiences during lockdown, isolation, and quarantine constructed a creative space of self and collective care. This research article explores how the multimodality within COVID-19 comic discourses aids in constructing a networked public of graphic care. Resorting to Dannah Boyds (2008; 2011) methodological framework of networks of graphic care, comics on the themes of self-care, coping mechanisms, and mental well-being from the work COVID Chronicles: A Comics Anthology (Boileau & Johnson, 2021) is analysed. A Multimodal Discourse Analysis (MDA) is performed to decipher the visual and verbal comic devices employed in constructing this graphic network of care using Thierry Groensteen (2007) and Scott McCloud's (2008) comic theories. The analysis highlights the various visual and linguistic techniques that enhance the communicative effectiveness of COVID-19 comics as self-care tools. By intervening in the visuality of COVID-19 comics as a tool of mental healthcare on individual and collective levels, this study illustrates the potential of comic narratives as a sustainable mode of sustenance and care in times of adversity and uncertainty. Furthermore, drawing from the results, the article also proposes the potentiality of comic discourses as non-emergent healthcare tools and a pedagogical tool for the successive policy implementation of mental healthcare measures. Copyright 2025 Albeena Stephen, Reshma Jacob.