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Platinum decorated phosphorous doped graphitic carbon nitride supported molecularly imprinted carbon fibre electrode as a nano-interface for the detection of butylated hydroxy anisole
This research generated an electrochemical sensor using a carbon fibre (CFP) paper electrode coated using platinum-decorated phosphorous doped graphitic carbon nitride (Pt/PgCN). This sensor was designed to detect butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) selectively and sensitively. The molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized onto the Pt/PgCN coated CFP surface through electropolymerization using BHA as a template and 3-thiophene acetic acid as monomer. Numerous analytical methods were used to characterise the sensor electrode, including cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. The results showed that the synergetic effect of PgCN, Pt nanoparticles, and PTAA, PgCN and Pt had a positive impact on the electrochemical detection, the sensor's linear range was determined to be between 5 10?10 M and 2.1 10?7 M. The sensor demonstrated excellent stability, good reproducibility, and high selectivity for detecting BHA. Moreover, the proposed sensor successfully detected BHA in real samples. 2024 Elsevier Ltd -
Surface-engineering of carbon fibre paper electrode through molecular imprinting technique towards electrochemical sensing of food additive in shrimps
Excessive usage of food additives needs to be extensively examined and regulated. Herein, we report the development of an exceptionally proficient and practical electrochemical sensor for the quantitative determination of 4-hexylresorcinol (4-HR) in shrimps using a molecularly imprinted conducting polymer. By electropolymerizing 2-aminothiazole (AT) on the surface of a carbon fibre paper electrode (CFP) in the presence of 4-HR imprinted polymer films were developed. Bulk-electrolysis was used to produce definite imprinting sites and regulate the release of 4-hexylresorcinol templates. Voltammetric study reveals that the synthesized conducting polymer has outstanding electroactivity towards 4-HR and enables quick electron transfer kinetics. This MIP sensor has a detection limit of 6.03 nM for 4-HR. The modified CFP electrode has been found to be extremely selective to 4-HR due to its intensive contact via intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The modified electrodes were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Optical profilometry, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. 2022 Elsevier B.V. -
The Kerala, India Experience of Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic
Kerala, a southwestern state of India, reported the first COVID-19 case in India. Its alert health department went into a detailed preparation to face the pandemic and its related effects. Kerala soon earned international attention for its handling of the COVID-19 emergency. Some of the factors that are outstanding about Kerala, apart from its achievements in education and healthcare, are decentralized governance, active public involvement, and a high level of womens participation. This chapter explores Keralas COVID-19 crisis management during the first phase of the pandemic. It explains how the welfare system of Kerala, which is the outcome of the years of accountable governance, has worked to provide a protective safety net to the people of Kerala. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. -
Kerala Development and the Attapadi Adivasi
The development experience of the state of Kerala in southwest India is based generally on democratic principles of equality and popular participation. This article focuses on the lives of the Adivasi1 people of Attapadi in the Palakkad district of Kerala. It argues that the state of Kerala largely treats the Adivasis as secondary citizens and ignores their right to be socially and economically empowered. The state of Kerala takes pride in its positive ranking on human development and social progress indexes but has not done enough to stop Adivasi infants from dying of malnutrition, and Adivasis demands for land rights have been disregarded. As a result, they are forced to live obscure lives in poverty and generally unable to influence their sociopolitical sphere. 2023 The Author(s). -
Narrating the City: Calcutta in Raj Kamal Jha???s If You Are Afraid of Heights and The Blue Bedspread
The portrayal of the city in literature is not a recent phenomenon. The city in literature has a history as old as the history of the city itself. This thesis titled ???Narrating the City: Calcutta in Raj Kamal Jha???s If You are Afraid of Heights and The Blue Bedspread??? is an attempt to understand how the city of Calcutta is portrayed in these two novels and how the city affects the people and vice versa. Every narration happens within the coordinates of time and space. Narrative is the representation of movement within the coordinates of time and space. Literary narrative is the literary or semiotic representation of movement within the coordinates of time and space. In the same manner narrating the city is the literary representation of the movement of the city and things in the city both living and non-living within the coordinates of time and space. The introductory chapter places the study in the context analysing the representation of the city in literature. The definition of key concepts and a literature review are done in order to understand the narrative, city and above all the narrating of the city in literature. The second chapter titled ???Calcutta in The Blue Bedspread???, shows how the city of Calcutta is portrayed in the novel The Blue Bedspread. This chapter is divided into different subsections according to the different themes identified. The third chapter titled ???Calcutta in If You are Afraid of Heights??? shows how the city of Calcutta is portrayed in the novel If You are Afraid of Heights. The fourth and the final chapter details the general conclusions derived from the study. Calcutta is narrated differently through these two novels. The Blue Bedspread presents a city of Calcutta which is more of a realistic nature. There is an over emphasis given to the description of the places as the novel is stacked with references to the buildings and places in the city. Thus it becomes a story of the city than the story of a specific person (character) or persons viii (characters). There is a close connection between the city and the people and vice versa. The names of the characters are not mentioned in the novel and this anonymity of the main characters points to the fact that this is a novel about anybody who is influenced by the city, in this case the city of Calcutta. If You are Afraid of Heights is a magic realist portrayal of the city of Calcutta. The characters of the city oscillate between reality and fantasy. This novel is not stacked with references to the places or spaces in the city, even though there are some references to them. The Blue Bedspread is the story of the city being projected through the realistic places and on the other hand If You are Afraid of Heights is the story of the city being projected through the magic realist presentation of the places, spaces and time in the city. -
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Inter-relational dynamics of factors affecting the emergence of orphan drugs; [Dynamique interrelationnelle des facteurs influennt lergence des micaments orphelins]
Orphan drugs are medications that are produced for the treatment of rare diseases. As there is less number of patients, the drug manufacturing companies are not keen in producing these drugs. Due to high costs of research and development and low profitability, companies do not want to invest in manufacturing of orphan drugs. Several laws have been passed by Governments of different nations to encourage the development of orphan drugs and make it available to patients. This study explores the interrelation dynamics of factors that has resulted in the greater availability of orphan drugs in recent times. Ten factors: internet technology, legislation, online patient support groups, government subsidiary, biotechnological advancements, corporate social responsibility, awareness and diagnosis of rare diseases and exclusive budgeting by pharmaceutical industries for orphan drugs related research and development and production were taken for the study. With a sample size of 38 experts, the technique of decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) was used for the study. It was found that information technology, legislation, support groups, and budget were the causes and the factors awareness, diagnosis, medicine availability, subsidiary, CSR and biotechnology emerged to be the effect. 2024 Acadie Nationale de Pharmacie -
Inter-relational dynamics of factors affecting the emergence of orphan drugs; [Dynamique interrelationnelle des facteurs influennt lergence des micaments orphelins]
Orphan drugs are medications that are produced for the treatment of rare diseases. As there is less number of patients, the drug manufacturing companies are not keen in producing these drugs. Due to high costs of research and development and low profitability, companies do not want to invest in manufacturing of orphan drugs. Several laws have been passed by Governments of different nations to encourage the development of orphan drugs and make it available to patients. This study explores the interrelation dynamics of factors that has resulted in the greater availability of orphan drugs in recent times. Ten factors: internet technology, legislation, online patient support groups, government subsidiary, biotechnological advancements, corporate social responsibility, awareness and diagnosis of rare diseases and exclusive budgeting by pharmaceutical industries for orphan drugs related research and development and production were taken for the study. With a sample size of 38 experts, the technique of decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) was used for the study. It was found that information technology, legislation, support groups, and budget were the causes and the factors awareness, diagnosis, medicine availability, subsidiary, CSR and biotechnology emerged to be the effect. 2024 Acadie Nationale de Pharmacie -
Impact of Risk Perception on Use and Satisfaction with Online Pharmacies and Proposed Use of IoT to Minimize Risks
This study investigates consumer risk perceptions regarding online pharmacies and their impact on usage frequency and satisfaction. The growing popularity of online pharmacies offers benefits such as accessibility, cost savings, and privacy. However, significant risks, including the potential for counterfeit drugs and insufficient medical oversight, raise concerns. This study has measured consumer perceptions of risk, satisfaction, and usage frequency through a survey conducted in Northeast India, excluding Sikkim (online) and Sikkim (offline). The findings reveal that the fear of receiving counterfeit medications is a significant risk factor, negatively influencing both the frequency of use and consumer satisfaction. Despite this, the impact is relatively weak, suggesting that while risk perception is a concern, it does not significantly deter online pharmacy usage. The study suggests that integrating advanced technologies such as IoT, RFID, and blockchain can mitigate these risks by ensuring the authenticity of medications in the supply chain. 2024 IEEE. -
IoT innovation in COVID-19 crisis
The COVID-19 pandemic is a current global threat that surpasses provincial and radical boundaries. Due to the onset of the pandemic disease, the whole world turned entirely in a couple of weeks. Its consequences have come across the personal and professional life of human beings. The current situation focuses on precautions such as wearing a mask, maintaining social distancing, and sanitizing hands regularly. An innovative platform, and smart and effective IoT technology may be applied to follow these steps. This platform fulfills all critical challenges at the time of lockdown situations. IoT technology is more helpful in capturing real-time patient data and other essential information. IoT allows the tracing of infected people and suspicious cases and helps diagnose and treat patients remotely. It also paves the way to deliver essential medical devices and medicines to quarantined places. In the present ongoing crisis, IoT technology is inevitable in monitoring patients infected with COVID-19 through sensors and intertwined networks. The consultations are given to the patients digitally through video conferencing without meeting the medical expert in person. After the diagnosis is made digitally, IoT devices are used to track health data. Smart thermometers are used instead of traditional ones to collect valuable health data and share it with experts. The IoT robots are now a proven technology used for cleaning hospitals, disinfecting medical devices, and delivering medicines, thus giving more time to healthcare workers to treat patients. 2023 Bentham Science Publishers. All rights reserved. -
A Precise Computational Method for Hippocampus Segmentation from MRI of Brain to Assist Physicians in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease
Hippocampus segmentation on magnetic resonance imaging is more significant for diagnosis, treatment and analyzing of neuropsychiatric disorders. Automatic segmentation is an active research field. Previous state-of-the-art hippocampus segmentation methods train their methods on healthy or Alzheimer's disease patients from public datasets. It arises the question whether these methods are capable for recognizing the hippocampus in a different domain. Therefore, this study proposes a precise computational method for hippocampus segmentation from MRI of brain to assist physicians in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (HCS-MRI-DAD-LBP). Initially, the input images are pre-processed by Trimmed mean filter for image quality enhancement. Then the pre-processed images are given to ROI detection, ROI detection utilizes Weber's law which determines the luminance factor of the image. In the region extraction process, Chan-Vese active contour model (ACM) and level sets are used (UACM). Finally, local binary pattern (LBP) is utilized to remove the erroneous pixel that maximizes the segmentation accuracy. The proposed model is implemented in MATLAB, and its performance is analyzed with performance metrics, like precision, recall, mean, variance, standard deviation and disc similarity coefficient. The proposed HCS-MRI-DAD-LBP method attains in OASIS dataset provides high disc similarity coefficient of 12.64%, 10.11% and 1.03% compared with the existing methods, like HCS-DAS-MLT, HCS-DAS-RNN and HCS-DAS-GMM and in ADNI dataset provides high precision of 20%, 9.09% and 1.05% compared with existing methods like HCS-MRI-DAD-CNN-ADNI, HCS-MRI-DAD-MCNN-ADNI and HCS-MRI-DAD-CNN-RNN-ADNI, respectively. 2022 World Scientific Publishing Europe Ltd. -
What We Think Others Think and Do About Climate Change: A Multicountry Test of Pluralistic Ignorance and Public-Consensus Messaging
Most people believe in human-caused climate change, yet this public consensus can be collectively underestimated (pluralistic ignorance). Across two studies using primary data (n = 3,653 adult participants; 11 countries) and secondary data (ns = 60,230 and 22,496 adult participants; 55 countries), we tested (a) the generalizability of pluralistic ignorance about climate-change beliefs, (b) the effects of a public-consensus intervention on climate action, and (c) the possibility that cultural tightness-looseness might serve as a country-level predictor of pluralistic ignorance. In Study 1, people across 11 countries underestimated the prevalence of proclimate views by at least 7.5% in Indonesia (90% credible interval, or CrI = [5.0, 10.1]), and up to 20.8% in Brazil (90% CrI = [18.2, 23.4]. Providing information about the actual public consensus on climate change was largely ineffective, except for a slight increase in willingness to express ones proclimate opinion, ? = 0.05 (90% CrI = [?0.02, 0.11]). In Study 2, pluralistic ignorance about willingness to contribute financially to fight climate change was slightly more pronounced in looser than tighter cultures, highlighting the particular need for pluralistic-ignorance research in these countries. The Author(s) 2025. -
Smart Online Oxygen Supply Management though Internet of Things (IoT)
We are surrounded by oxygen in the air we We cannot even exist without the ability to breathe. The need for oxygen has increased during the COVID19 pandemic, and although there is enough oxygen in our country, the main issue is getting it to hospitals or those in need on time. This is simply due to a significant communication gap between suppliers and hospitals, so we plan to implement an idea that will close this gap using real-time tracking as we can track the movement of oxygen tankers by gathering the requirements. We are using an ESP32 Wi-Fi module, a MEMS pressure sensor that enables the combination of precise sensors, potential processing, and wireless communication, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, IFTTT, and MQTT protocols, to implement it successfully. The pressure sensor publishes the value of oxygen remaining from the location to the MQTT broker. 2022 IEEE. -
Resource allocation in cloud auction-based market by hybrid optimization algorithm
Effective resource allocation is essential in the rapidly changing cloud computing landscape to maximize provider revenue and user satisfaction. Through competitive bidding procedures, the auction-based market model has become a potent tool for allocating cloud resources among users. In this paper, a new method for cloud computing environments is presented: Double Auction-based Resource Allocation (DARA). The auction model and optimal resource allocation are the two main parts of the DARA methodology. The Double Auction mechanism is used as the auction model in the suggested DARA framework. In this model, resource prices and allocations are decided through a competitive auction process that involves both buyers and sellers.The highest price that buyers are willing to pay for resources is expressed in bids, and the lowest price that sellers are willing to accept is expressed in asks. There are many intricate tasks involved in this two-way auction process, including matching bids and asks, determining market prices, and handling transactions. Finding the equilibrium price requires the method to solve complex optimization problems in order to balance supply and demand. In order to overcome these obstacles, the study suggests the Hippopotamus Updated Pufferfish Optimization (HUPO) algorithm for the best possible resource distribution. The HUPO algorithm is made to handle limitations like truthfulness, resource density, execution time, and operating expenses. In order to ensure that users pay fair prices and service providers make the most money, it is crucial to implement effective resource allocation strategies that balance the cost of resources with their availability. According to the mean statistical metric, the resource density for the HUPO model is 17.862, which is greater than the values of all other traditional approaches, including BES at 14.960, AOA at 12.546, ACO at 14.274, COA at 13.693, SMO at 13.452, HOA at 13.686, and POA at 13.907. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
Addressing Security Challenges in AI-Driven Cyber Security: Enhancing Resilience While Fostering Sustainable Practices with Green Computing
The modern cyber security environment changed through increased sophistication and complexity of cyber threats that requires organizations to use artificial intelligence (AI) technologies for strengthened security frameworks. It also limits the adverse impact within the populace by a decrease in carbon dioxide emissions, energy conservation, decrease wastage of electronic gadgets and assistance to sustainability with renewable resources. Among the practices of creating the green environment are the measures of virtualization, improving the quality of the hardware to increase the energy efficiency and using the cooling technologies efficiently. The Sustainable Cyber security practices are examining the measures and innovation for minimizing energy usage by integrated cyber security tools/infrastructure, green data center/network, and practicing green software engineering. In this domain, Sustainability Cyber security employs energy conservative cryptographic algorithms and software architecture, low energy cryptographic physical devices, power-conscious security protocols; efficient virtualization by integrating these approaches, they can advance sustainability into higher security statures. Besides, the enforcement of those security practices will help to address green data center objectives like server virtualization, and other efficiency data storage products. Cyber Security algorithms will act to lessen the time construct of cryptographic operations to less computational power, and hence less energy consumption. It also looks at the direction that sustainability is likely to take in the future, which may include such policies and structures as are likely to promote green computing in cyber security. Also through this case study, we have been able to incorporate green computing into its cyber security programs for a better and environmentally friendly future. The advanced strategic planning through automation enables organizations to develop stronger defense capabilities as they adjust to security threats which keep evolving in the present-day landscape. 2026 Scrivener Publishing LLC. -
The hesitant Pythagorean fuzzy ELECTRE III: An adaptable recycling method for plastic materials
In this research article, introduce a novel decision making method called HPF-ELECTRE method by extending the ELECTRE III (ELimination and Choice Expressing REality) method with HPF (Hesitant Pythagorean Fuzzy) set. The efficiency of the new method is testing in the plastic recycling problem. One of the most hazardous domestic materials is plastic. The low biodegradability nature of plastic is a serious threat to the environment and to human life. Plastic is a synthetic chemical that do not belong to the natural world. Owing to the non-biodegradability, the only way to deal with this modern-world problem is recycling. Finding a suitable recycling method for disposing and recycling plastic materials is a major research issue. Propose the HPF-ELECTRE III method to find out the adaptable recycling method for plastics materials. The outranking in HPF-ELECTRE III method expand on concordance and discordance acceptability value values. Established method is an effective tool for decision making problems. 2020 Elsevier Ltd -
A Novel Assessment of Healthcare Waste Disposal Methods: Intuitionistic Hesitant Fuzzy MULTIMOORA Decision Making Approach
Waste produced from medical facilities systems incorporates a blend of dangerous waste which can posture dangers to humans and ecological receptors. Lacking administration of healthcare waste can prompt hazard to medicinal service specialists, patients, public health, communities and the wider environment. Hence, proper management of healthcare waste is imperative to reduce the associated health and environment risk. In this paper, we extend the MULTIMOORA decision making method with intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy set to evaluate the healthcare waste treatment methods. Intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy set is a generalized form of a hesitant fuzzy set. Intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy set considers the uncertainty of data in a single framework and take more information into account. The MULTIMOORA method consists of three parts namely the ratio system, reference point approach and the full multiplicative form. In the optimal ranking methods, the IHF-MULTIMOORA method is uncomplicated it is able to be used practically with high dimension intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy sets. For pathological, pharmaceutical, sharp, solid and chemical wastes, the preferred waste disposal methods are deep burial, incineration, autoclave, deep burial, and chemical disinfection, respectively. 2013 IEEE. -
Identifying a Range of Important Issues to Improve Crop Production
Crop yield production value update has a beneficial practical impact on directing agricultural production and informing farmers of changes in crop market prices. The main objective of the suggested method is to put the crop selection technique into practise so that it may be used to address a variety of issues facing farmers and the agricultural industry. As a result, the yield rate of crop production is maximised, which benefits our Indian economy. land conditions of several kinds. So, using a ranking system, the quality of the crops are determined. This procedure also alerts farmers to the rate of crops of low and high quality. Due to the use of multiple classifiers, using an ensemble of classifiers paves the way for better prediction decisions. The decision-making process for selecting the output of the classifiers also incorporates a rating system. The price of a crop that will produce more is predicted using this method. 2023 IEEE. -
FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION IN INDIA AND CHINA: Experiences in service delivery
[No abstract available] -
Design and Implementation of a High-Speed Level Shifter at 45nm, 90nm, and 180nm Technology Nodes using Cadence
In this work, a CMOS inverter-based level shifter in Differential Cascode Voltage Switch Logic (DCVSL) is constructed and its operation is investigated. The width and length variations of transistors at three technological nodes 45, 90, and 180 nm are compared based on the circuit behaviour. A critical analysis of the impact of supply voltage scaling on NMOS and PMOS transistors is also presented. There is also a comparison of the effects of transistor widths and lengths, as well as supply voltage variations of 1.8V, 1.5V, and 1.0V, on circuit performance. Additionally, this study compares wavelength variation and its impact on device attributes. Dynamic power, static power, energy, and delay are evaluated at the transistor and direct current levels. The Cadence Virtuoso simulation tool illustrates the variations in inverter performance under various scaling conditions. The results demonstrate that careful optimization of transistor dimensions and supply voltage can significantly enhance the performance and power efficiency of the level shifter, providing valuable insights for low-power, high-speed VLSI applications. 2025 IEEE.