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RPA Revolution in the Healthcare Industry During COVID-19
Over the last year, the evolution in Robotic Process Automation (RPA) has been staggering. The automation it brings to applications has yielded efficiency, reduced operating costs, and decreased the time of research, development, and production. Industries have already integrated RPA into their workflow and are profoundly transforming into an intelligent automated industry with minimum human intervention, calling this the fourth industrial revolution. In this race of transformation, the healthcare industry is quite ahead of many other industries. It stood the test of time when COVID-19 was spreading rapidly and was also resilient against all odds. The system did experience an unprecedented crisis that depicted its weakness, fragility, and unpreparedness. The healthcare system was forced to adapt to a new paradigm. And though there was the loss of life and economy, we learned to evolve as a community to tackle this crisis. This chapter sheds light on the role of RPA and covers how these technologies can assist healthcare workers in their day-to-today activities, reviewing what the fourth industrial revolution would look like in the healthcare sector. The intelligent, automated system would provide a seamless experience of gathering information by various means, processing, and assisting healthcare workers to deliver quality treatment. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Rubitics: The Smarter GCMS for Mars
A GCMS stands for a Gas Chromatograph and Mass Spectrometer. These two instruments are used to identify compounds from both soil and atmospheric samples. The GCMS usually has a mass of around 40 kilograms and is the size of a microwave oven, but what if we could downsize it? Downsizing the GCMS means that the number of equipment and instruments that can be used and carried by a rover can drastically increase. Rubitics is essentially a GCMS, only smaller and more efficient. This paper discusses the way Rubitics functions and how a GCMS can be remodeled and used to its fullest potential. The column of the Gas Chromatograph is replaced with composite materials to increase the flexibility of the tube, thereby increasing the number of columns along with finger-like projections on the interiors, which will aid in a much more precise separation of compounds. The inert carrier gas container is changed with a more durable, strong composite that will be instrumental in reducing the mass of the cylinder, and a safer chemically unreactive material will ensure complete pure storage. Rubitics will also contain a cooling system so as to be more power-efficient and aid in obtaining precise results. The material of the oven used in the gas chromatograph will be of much more insulating capacity (thermal resistance), lighter in mass, and smaller in size. Rubitics maintains the optimum shape to provide the most temperature and energy-efficient GCMS ever. Rubitics houses a compact electronic bay with sensors and a microprocessor for analysing the different components. The detectors' values are processed in the onboard microprocessor with the help of TinyML. This light algorithm can help in reducing the bandwidth consumed in transmitting unnecessary data to the ground station through providing in-situ data filtration. The paper also contemplates using such an algorithm to improve the efficiency of GCMS. In conclusion, Rubitics will be the future of GCMS technologies and sample analysis on different planetary terrains. Due to its re-engineered structure, it occupies lesser weight, size, and space. Rubitics thereby changes the number and quality of experiments that can be performed on Mars, leading to better insights for successful future habitation. Copyright 2022 by Ms. Harshini K Balaji. Published by the IAF, with permission and released to the IAF to publish in all forms. -
Rumination, existential anxiety and professional quality of life among palliative care professionals in India
Objective: Palliative care enhances the quality of life for individuals with life-limiting illnesses, but frequent exposure to death and suffering poses emotional challenges for professionals. This study examines ruminations role in the relationship between existential anxiety (EA) and professional quality of life (ProQOL) among palliative care professionals in India. Methods: A mixed-method research design was employed. Quantitative data were collected from 500 palliative care professionals using the Event-Related Rumination Inventory, EA Questionnaire and ProQOL scale. In-depth interviews were conducted with 27 professionals with high rumination scores. Correlation and regression analyses were used for quantitative data, while thematic analysis was applied to qualitative data. Results: Persistent rumination heightened mortality awareness, exacerbated EA and negatively impacted ProQOL. Rumination partially mediated the relationship between EA and ProQOL. Four key themes emerged: (1) brooding rumination, (2) reflective rumination, (3) impact of rumination on ProQOL and (4) impact of rumination on EA. Individual differences in ruminations intensity and duration were notable. Conclusions: Findings highlight cultural and contextual challenges faced by Indian palliative care professionals, underscoring the need for targeted mental health interventions. This study supports Sustainable Development Goals 3, 8 and 4 by advocating for healthcare worker well-being, job satisfaction and improved mental health training. Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ Group. -
Rupturing Terracotta: Entangled Exchanges of the Hand and the Machine in South India
Through an examination of changing methods for making and using terracotta tile and brick this article explores the complex hybridity and productive tensions that emerged in the nineteenth century between indigenous and colonial systems of architecture and construction in South India. Outlining a general shift from handmade to mechanized processes, it further argues that a decolonial reading may provide a fruitful new approach to comprehending architectural history on the subcontinent. The article brings to the forefront how the indigenous-colonial encounter caused a rupture in the making of buildings that complicated the language and processes of architecture and construction in India forever. 2023, International Association for the Study of Traditional Environments (IASTE). All rights reserved. -
Rural consumer preference for mobile phone with reference to villages of Kolar District, Karnataka /
International Journal of Management Studies, Vol.6, Issue 2, pp.16-26, ISSN No: 2249-0302. -
Rural Tourism and Sustainable Innovation Road to Artisans Social and Economic Well-being the Charaka (Cooperative Society) Way
Rural tourism promotes rural life, art, culture, and heritage in rural areas, which benefits the local community in socio-economic development. It provides an ethnic and rustic ambience and facilitates interaction between tourists and the community for a more fulfilling tourism experience. The tourism industry contributes to the diversification of local economies by generating income, investments, and employment. Its a contemporary idea where tourism and the promotion of handicraft and craft products are combined in one place. This study focusses on the role of rural tourism in building an inclusive society. The study examines how rural tourism empowers local artisans and weavers to enhance their social and economic well-being, and the role of handloom tourism in building innovation capabilities that contribute to the regions sustainable development and creating tourist experiences through the Charaka Cooperative Society all-women cooperative. The chapter proposes new possibilities of innovation in handloom weaving and marketing as a tourist attraction. 2026 Dr Manpreet Arora, Dr Anukrati Sharma, and Dr Che-Jen Su. Individual chapters 2026 The authors. -
Ruralurban financial inclusion: Implications on the cost sustainability of microfinance lenders
Despite the higher demand for credit among the rural poor, many commercial banks and microfinance institutions (MFIs) are averse towards microfinancing activities in rural areas due to their high-cost implication compared to urban areas. Therefore, this study empirically investigates the effect of rural and urban financial inclusion on the cost sustainability of MFIs. To this end, a globally representative sample of 1729 MFIs' data covering the period 20082018 were analyzed. Contrary to the orthodox perception, our overall result revealed that lending in rural areas is more cost-efficient than in urban areas, even after considering various proxies and endogeneity issues. 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. -
Ruthenium phosphate-embedded poly-(3,4 diaminobenzoic acid)-based electrode for enhanced sensing of 2,4-dichlorophenol in water samples
2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is found to have a prevalent application in synthesizing many industrial materials, meanwhile leading to toxicological effects on human health and aquatic life. This work demonstrates the construction of a highly responsive electrochemical sensing platform for 2,4-DCP, based on ruthenium phosphate electrodeposited over poly-(3,4 diaminobenzoic acid)-loaded carbon fiber paper (Ru-Pi/PDABA/CFP). Surface modification of the conducting polymer with Ru-Pi improves electrocatalytic performance by enhancing available electrocatalytic sites and rapid charge transmission channels. The developed electrode was characterized using XRD, XPS, and SEM studies to substantiate the formation of Ru-Pi/PDABA/CFP hybrid material, and electrochemical studies further evidence the improved electrochemical performance upon electrode modification. Cyclic voltammetric studies showcased 2-fold enhanced catalytic activity of Ru-Pi/PDABA/CFP compared to the bare CFP. Differential pulse voltammetric outcome corroborated outstanding electroanalytical metrics towards 2,4-DCP, unveiling an appreciably minimal limit of detection (LOD) of 1.47 nM and a low quantification boundary (LOQ) of 4.37 nM in a wide concentration-response linearity of 5 450 nM. The interferences from foreign substances produced only negligible signal modulations (<4.6 %) on the current amplitude of 2,4-DCP, validating the sensor's excellent selectivity towards the target analyte. Further, the application of Ru-Pi/PDABA/CFP was extended for the 2,4-DCP assay in actual tap and lake water samples. 2025 -
Rv1899c, an HDAC1ZBTB25-Interacting Protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Promotes Stress Resistance and Immune Evasion in Infected Macrophages
Rv1899c, a previously identified HDAC1ZBTB25-interacting protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, plays a crucial role in bacterial adaptation and immune modulation. Recombinant M. smegmatis-expressing Rv1899c (MS_ Rv1899c) showed enhanced survival under acidic and oxidative stress compared to vector controls, along with improved early intracellular growth in THP1-derived macrophages. This was accompanied by reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS), diminished cytokines associated with inflammation and downregulation of autophagy proteins ATG5, Beclin, and LC3, which ultimately skewed the immune response, suppressing the pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage population. Targeting Rv1899c with 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) impaired intracellular bacterial survival and restored IL-12B expression, while its combination with the HDAC inhibitor C1994 significantly enhanced bacterial clearance. Structural modelling confirmed the high stereochemical quality of the Rv1899c macrodomain, and computational studies identified 3-AB as the strongest ligand (?5.75 kcal/mol), stabilized through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions with key residues. Molecular dynamics simulations conducted for 200 ns demonstrated stable proteinligand interactions with consistent parameters, while MM/GBSA analysis indicated favourable binding energy (?G_bind = ?6.6 kcal/mol), largely influenced by van der Waals and electrostatic forces. Together, these findings highlight Rv1899c as a mediator of stress resistance and immune evasion and propose it as a potential therapeutic target against M. tuberculosis. 2025 by the authors. -
Ryu controller's scalability experiment on software defined networks
Software defined networks is the future of Computer networks which claims that traditional networks are getting replaced by SDN. Considering the number of nodes everyday connecting to the global village of internet, it becomes inevitable to adapt to any new technology before testing its scalability in presence of dynamic circumstances. While a lot of research is going on to provide solution as SDN to overcome the limitations of the traditional network, it gives a call to research community to test the applicability and caliber to withstand the fault tolerance of the provided solution in the form of SDN Controllers. Out of the existing multiple controllers providing the SDN functionalities to the network, one of the basic controllers is Ryu Controller. This paper is a contribution towards performance evaluation of scalability of the Ryu Controller by implementing multiple scenarios experimented on the simulation tool of Mininet, Ryu Controller and iPerf. Ryu Controller is tested in the simulation environment by observing throughput of the controller and checked its performance in dynamic networking conditions over Mesh topology by exponentially increasing the number of nodes until it supported tested on high end devices. 2018 IEEE. -
SAARC Regional Disaster Law: Need for Progressive Development
[No abstract available] -
Saccharomyces - eukaryotic probiotic for human applications
Probiotics are viable microorganisms which are meant to confer health benefits to host after ingestion. Any probiotic strain has a special characteristic to survive in the extremely acidic and hostile conditions of stomach and intestine. Among all the commercially available probiotic strains, prokaryotes constitute the bulk of it, with quite a few belonging to eukaryotic yeasts. Eukaryotic probiotics are very limited and currently there are only two yeast strains (Saccharomyces boulardii and Kluyveromyces sp.), which are approved for human consumption and are available commercially in market. S. boulardii has been reported to have tremendous therapeutic potential. The main mechanism of action for S. boulardii includes strong antagonistic effect against a number of enteric pathogens, trophic effects on the intestinal mucosa, neutralisation of bacterial toxins as well as modification of host cell signaling pathways involved in inflammatory and non-inflammatory intestinal disease. Pertaining to these advantages, S. boulardii have been reported to be exceptionally effective against diarrheal diseases and intestinal inflammatory conditions including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Increasing scientific reports confirming the therapeutic potential of eukaryotic probiotics and their advantages over prokaryotic probiotic strains have dramatically increased the worldwide interest in these probiotics. 2019 Scrivener Publishing LLC. -
Sacred gastronomy trails: Exploring the divine fusion of religion, food, and tourism
This study seeks to explain the complex relationships among these three constantly evolving fields, i.e., religion, food, and tourism. The primary objective is to examine the strong link between food and religion by breaking down culinary customs and examining how they influence the formation of gastronomic identities across a range of religious traditions. The second objective explores the connection between food and travel, with a special emphasis on the cultural relevance of pilgrimage food travels. The third goal is to broaden the investigation to include the connection between religion and travel. Through the integration of results from the three aforementioned goals, the research aims to develop a theoretical framework that elucidates the intricate relationship between these components, offering a thorough comprehension of the interdependence of religion, cuisine, and travel in forming personal encounters and cultural environments. 2024 by IGI Global. All rights reserved.. -
Sacred Roots: Rethinking Urban Landscapes via Ethnobotanical Narratives
This chapter discusses the synthesis of interdisciplinary research on the integration of sacred ethnobotanical knowledge with artificial intelligence (AI) into the present-day urban planning. This chapter draws upon a wide range of literature in the field of ethnobotany, ecotheology, urban ecology and digital innovation to explore how relationships between religious worldviews (including TEK), AI and green infrastructure can be used toward the enhancement of sustainable development of the urban. Review of current academic discourse on sacred plant landscape is emphasized above all, also examining the academic discourse on the nature of faith based ecological ethics and AI assisted urban greening strategies. I begin by reviewing ethnographic approaches and field-based studies that discuss the cultural and spiritual significance of sacred plants in Hindu, Islamic and Christian traditions, then examine service and trust as both a source and outcome for social infrastructure. It is critically analyzed how theological frameworks are ecologically applicable on the plural urban context. The review of AI integrated urban gardening initiatives provides a glimpse of how sensor data, machine learning models as well as mobile platforms are used to monitor plant health and plant biodiversity and how these can also be problematic on ethical front, justice, appropriation of knowledge and autonomy of community. The case studies from projects in Tokyo, Singapore, Ethiopia and Barcelona are placed within a global context and globally applied with a thematic synthesis in order to explore how, in practice, the coalescence of sacred ecological values and technological interventions occurs. The chapter discusses challenges of implementing policy, of cultural commodification, and of current interfaith collaboration models. The end of the review discusses the best practices and policy recommendations that can assist cities to join spiritual stewardship with digital ecological management to coalesce inclusive, biodiverse, and culturally grounded urban ecosystems. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Sacred texting : A study on social media language trends in New Delhi And Bengaluru churches /
Amity Journal of Media & Communication Studies, Vol.8 Isue 1, pp.24-35, ISSN No: 2231-1033. -
Safe cloud: Secure and usable authentication framework for cloud environment
Cloud computing an emerging computing model having its roots in grid and utility computing is gaining increasing attention of both the industry and laymen. The ready availability of storage, compute, and infrastructure services provides a potentially attractive option for business enterprises to process and store data without investing on computing infrastructure. The attractions of Cloud are accompanied by many concerns among which Data Security is the one that requires immediate attention. Strong user authentication mechanisms which prevent illegal access to Cloud services and resources are one of the core requirements to ensure secure access. This paper proposes a user authentication framework for Cloud which facilitates authentication by individual service providers as well as by a third party identity provider. The proposed two-factor authentication protocols uses password as the first factor and a Smart card or Mobile Phone as the second factor. The protocols are resistant to various known security attacks. Springer India 2016. -
Safeguarding children's rights in the digital age: A critical analysis of India's cyber laws
This chapter critically examines the legal framework governing child safety in India's digital landscape. It analyzes the IT Act, 2000, POCSO Act, 2012 and the DPDP Act, 2023, highlighting their relevance in combating cyber threats faced by children. It also discusses implementation gaps, lack of digital literacy and enforcement issues. Further, drawing insights from global practices. Thereafter, chapter emphasizes the importance of multi-stakeholder collaboration and proactive regulatory reforms to ensure a safe digital environment for minors. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Safeguarding the future through the prevention of cybercrime in the quantum computing era
Quantum computing is an emerging field that holds great promise for solving complex problems at an unprecedented speed by harnessing the principles of quantum mechanics. However, this disruptive technology also introduces new challenges, particularly in the realm of cybersecurity. Quantum computing can lead to cyberattacks such as cryptographic attacks, data breaches, blockchain vulnerabilities, social engineering, and phishing attacks. It is important to note that, at present, these risks are largely theoretical, as practical, large-scale quantum computers capable of breaking current cryptographic systems are not yet available. However, it is crucial for researchers, organisations, and policymakers to anticipate and address these potential threats in advance by developing quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms, improving security protocols, and raising awareness about the evolving landscape of cyberthreats in the quantum computing era. There is a need for preparing safeguard measures form the quantum threat by investing in quantum-safe technologies, training cybersecurity professionals in quantum-resistant techniques, and fostering collaboration among industry, academia, and government entities. As quantum computing progresses, the landscape of cybercrime is expected to evolve, necessitating the development of robust laws to mitigate potential threats. The chapter aims at understanding the intersection of quantum computing and cybercrime, highlighting the potential implications and risks associated with quantum advancements in the context of cybersecurity. The chapter also emphasises the need for proactive measures and policies to mitigate the risks posed by quantum computing to cybersecurity. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Keshav Kumar and Bishwajeet Kumar Pandey; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Safeguarding the future through the prevention of cybercrime in the quantum computing era
Quantum computing is an emerging field that holds great promise for solving complex problems at an unprecedented speed by harnessing the principles of quantum mechanics. However, this disruptive technology also introduces new challenges, particularly in the realm of cybersecurity. Quantum computing can lead to cyberattacks such as cryptographic attacks, data breaches, blockchain vulnerabilities, social engineering, and phishing attacks. It is important to note that, at present, these risks are largely theoretical, as practical, large-scale quantum computers capable of breaking current cryptographic systems are not yet available. However, it is crucial for researchers, organisations, and policymakers to anticipate and address these potential threats in advance by developing quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms, improving security protocols, and raising awareness about the evolving landscape of cyberthreats in the quantum computing era. There is a need for preparing safeguard measures form the quantum threat by investing in quantum-safe technologies, training cybersecurity professionals in quantum-resistant techniques, and fostering collaboration among industry, academia, and government entities. As quantum computing progresses, the landscape of cybercrime is expected to evolve, necessitating the development of robust laws to mitigate potential threats. The chapter aims at understanding the intersection of quantum computing and cybercrime, highlighting the potential implications and risks associated with quantum advancements in the context of cybersecurity. The chapter also emphasises the need for proactive measures and policies to mitigate the risks posed by quantum computing to cybersecurity. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Keshav Kumar and Bishwajeet Kumar Pandey; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Safeguarding Traditional Knowledge and Farmers Rights: A Balanced Approach to IP Protection
Traditional Knowledge and farmers rights are considered to be the backbone of the agriculture system that is responsible for preserving the biodiversity, cultural heritage and sustainable development practices. Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) protection is inclined towards the protection of the commercial interest rather than the rights of the creators or individuals. A balanced approach towards the protection of traditional knowledge and IPRs is required that safeguards the rights of farmers as well. The inclusive policies that enable and ensure equitable benefit sharing, protect the rights of the community, harmonize the customary laws with the IPRs are crucial in the present time. By promoting and advocating for the participatory governance, this chapter analyses the rights of farmers that foster sustainability and protect traditional knowledge simultaneously. It also examines the international legal instruments that recognize the protection of traditional knowledge. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing.