Browse Items (16481 total)
Sort by:
-
Assessing the environmental consequences of artificial illumination on marine ecosystems: Legal and ecological perspectives
Fishing has been traditionally practiced using sustainable methods and eco- friendly techniques which ensured the conservation of fish diversity and its population. The traditional fishing techniques used were hand-lining, spearfishing, gleaming, harpoons and spears. However, with technological advancements LED fishing techniques has gained prevalence among fishermen due to their high-intensity LED lights (Light-Emitting Diodes) for fishing. This method enables them to catch fish in larger quantities. Such LED lights can penetrate deeper into the water and illuminate larger areas than traditional methods, disrupting the natural behavior of marine organisms. As a result, this practice leads to a significant decrease in fish populations, adversely affecting marine ecosystems. Although LED fishing offers certain advantages, such as improved efficiency and reduced fuel consumption, it raises serious concerns regarding its socio-legal and environmental impact and highlights the need for effective legal and regulatory frameworks. In this background, the current study explores the socio-economic impacts on fishing communities, which are disproportionately affected by the introduction of this technology. Further, the research delves into the ecological consequences of LED fishing, including its potential to disrupt fish behaviour, alter food chains, and damage sensitive marine ecosystems. It will also analyze the legal and regulatory challenges associated with managing LED fishing and examine the existing Legal framework that is applicable in international and national Contexts. Finally, the paper will propose a framework for sustainable LED fishing. Copyright (c) 2026 The Authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. -
Assessing the Environmental and Health Impacts of Cashew Processing: Pathway Analysis of Pollution Sources, Emissions, and Intervention Strategies
This study investigates the environmental and health impacts of cashew processing in Kollam, Kerala, renowned globally as the Cashew Capital of the World. While the cashew industry is a significant economic driver, providing employment to thousands primarily women and boosting Kerala's export revenue, its environmental footprint has raised growing concerns. Cashew processing generates considerable waste, including emissions from the roasting process, shell waste, and pollutants, which affect air, water, and soil quality. These environmental issues pose a threat to nearby ecosystems and raise health risks for workers and local communities, including respiratory, skin, and cardiovascular conditions due to exposure to toxic fumes and chemical residues. This study aims to balance economic advantages with environmental sustainability by conducting a pathway analysis of pollution sources, emissions, and potential interventions. Employing a mixed-method approach that includes stratified sampling and statistical techniques such as Chi-Square Tests and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the research assesses pollution levels, health impacts, and current sustainability practices within the industry. Through a comprehensive evaluation, the study offers actionable recommendations for mitigating the environmental impact of cashew processing. This analysis provides a foundation for policy reforms and green technology adoption, ensuring the long-term viability of Kollam's cashew industry while safeguarding public health and ecological balance. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Assessing the Efficacy of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Applications in Predictive Policing: A Systematic Review Method
Artificial intelligence (AI) has gained attention for its potential to improve law enforcement operations through proactive policing. Advancements in data science have shown the potential benefits of applying machine learning (ML) in the criminal justice sector. Therefore, research in improving methods to forecast the likelihood of criminal reoffending is quickly growing. Creating a cutting-edge model for using ML to predict recidivism is challenging. We picked 12 out of 79 studies from Scopus and PubMed online databases in a comprehensive review that ensures the models can be replicated across various datasets and are suitable for predicting recidivism. Using two specific measures, the 12 research compared different datasets and machine learning algorithms. This study demonstrates that each approach achieves strong performance, with an average accuracy score of 0.81 and an average area-under-the-curve score of 0.74. This systematic research emphasizes essential factors that could enable criminal justice professionals to consistently utilize forecasts of recidivism risk generated by machine learning approaches. The factors include performance indicators, transparent algorithms or explainable AI approaches, and high-quality input data. 2026 Sofia Khatun, K. Sivananda Kumar. All rights reserved. -
Assessing the Effectiveness of Implied Volatility in Predicting Realised Return Volatility for Informative Decision-Making: Insights from the Nifty Bank Index
Implied volatility (IV) is crucial in option pricing models and serves as an essential tool for volatility traders to make informed decisions. However, its effectiveness in predicting realized return volatility is still debated. This study investigates the efficiency of implied volatility in forecasting realized return volatility in the Indian financial markets, specifically using Bank Nifty index options and also assesses the predictive capability of implied volatility against the realised volatility estimator. Utilizing data spanning five years, from January 2018 to December 2022. Finding of this study reveal that implied volatility significantly forecasts realized volatility, highlighting its efficacy as a forecasting tool. Moreover, historical volatility fails to enhance predictive power when combined with implied volatility. Nonetheless, caution should be exercised in generalizing these results to other markets or time periods, as further research is warranted. The study contributes to the ongoing discourse on implied volatility efficiency, offering practical insights for options traders and adding to the body of knowledge in financial economics. 2024, Iquz Galaxy Publisher. All rights reserved. -
Assessing the Determinants of Metaverse Adoption for E-Commerce Retailing
The advent of metaverse technology has impacted the retail sector, shaping e-commerce platforms into a new form of metaverse-based online shopping environments. The metaverse e-commerce experience is new to shoppers, making it crucial to comprehend consumer reactions to this technology in the context of retail. This study explores the shopping intention and potential use of the metaverse for shopping using the UTAUT2 model and metaverse-based context-specific antecedents. Using a structured questionnaire, data from 1340 consumers were collected and analyzed through PLS-SEM. The findings indicated that factors such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, hedonic motivation, and facilitating conditions influence shopping intention in the e-commerce metaverse. The metaverse-related antecedents, namely, a sense of immersion and imagination, have a positive influence, whereas technological anxiety and perceived security and privacy concerns have a negative impact on e-commerce shopping intention in the metaverse. It was also found that shopping intention influences the potential use of metaverse for shopping and that stickiness to traditional shopping negatively moderates this relationship. This unique research explores consumer buying behavior in the metaverse. It provides marketers, e-commerce managers, designers, and developers of metaverse platforms with the antecedents of the potential use of the metaverse for shopping insights. Consumer policymakers can also draw insights from this study. 2024 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Assessing stimulusorganism responses in impulse buying among young consumers on online platforms using a hybrid BWM-ISM approach
With the advent of online buying habits, this study employs three stages (identify, rank, and decode relationships) approach to investigate the enablers of online impulse buying behavior (OIBB) among young consumers. First, literature review in the backdrop of stimulusorganismresponse (SOR) framework was used to identify and experts opinions were used to validate 21 enablers of OIBB. Next, hybrid multi-criteria decision-making approaches, namely the bestworst method (BWM) was used to assign weights and rank; and interpretive structural modeling (ISM) to decide mutual relationship among the top ranked enablers. Results indicate that promotion, product variety, and product quality are the top ranked enablers of OIBB among young consumers. The study develops a hierarchical model to simplify complex relationships among key enablers, clarifying impulse buying through the first-time use of the BWM-ISM approach in OIBB research. This enables marketers and e-commerce sellers to better prioritize critical enablers of OIBB. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2024. -
Assessing Security and Privacy Concerns in LLM Applications: Legal and Social Concerns
Large language models (LLMs) like Open AI's GPT- 4 have transformed many industries, including natural language processing. But, still the applications of these need a properly secure mechanism as it is getting attached to everyday technology at on an extensive rate and large security & privacy risk are encapsulated in its use which must be controlled for safe and ethical use. LLM models are trained with an avalanche of data, often from web- scraped sources that could be handling personal and sensitive content. This may inadvertently have the LAZ model hold on to, and possibly leak, some private data of users who use the API. Having measures to address them through comprehensive strategies and conforming with regulations are important in the responsible usage of LLM applications. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Assessing Role of Banking Sector in Financial Inclusion Process in India
Vels Management Journal, Vol-1 (2), pp. 54-71. -
Assessing Player Interaction for a Social Networking Cooperative Educational Game
Cooperative interaction in educational games, designed to stimulate teamwork, joint creativity and knowledge sharing, also carries potential security threats. One of the key dangers is data leakage. Player interaction involves the exchange of information, and in case of insufficient protection of the system, confidential data, such as personal information, game progress results or individual strategies, may become available to unauthorized persons. This may result in misuse of information, damage to reputation and violation of player privacy. The impact on the game space is also a threat. By interacting, players can change the game world, for example, by entering incorrect data, moving objects to an inappropriate location, or modifying the rules of the game. This can lead to a violation of the balance of the game, incorrect results and a deterioration in the learning effect. Substitution or falsification of game elements is no less dangerous. Attackers can introduce fake elements into the game space, for example, incorrect reviews, changed rules or incorrect data. This can lead to incorrect conclusions, distort learning outcomes, and undermine confidence in the game. In addition, the use of interaction tools can become an object of attack. Attackers can hack and modify tools, such as communication platforms or data storage systems. This can lead to data theft, incorrect operation of tools and malfunction during the game. It is shown that formal descriptions of the choice of a game strategy can exist in a game. Indicators that are essential for cooperative interaction are determined, and examples of their calculation for the case with remote interaction through a social network are given. The article contains information about collaborations, which can be used to assess and choose the direction of development in projects that use game cooperative strategies to implement tasks other than training. The project highlights aspects of cooperative interaction that affect the formation of game strategies in an educational project. Of particular interest are projects in which a social network is the tool and medium of interaction. The objectives of the project are to identify easy-to-use indicators that show the features of cooperative interaction within an educational game. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Assessing Player Interaction for a Social Networking Cooperative Educational Game
Cooperative interaction in educational games, designed to stimulate teamwork, joint creativity and knowledge sharing, also carries potential security threats. One of the key dangers is data leakage. Player interaction involves the exchange of information, and in case of insufficient protection of the system, confidential data, such as personal information, game progress results or individual strategies, may become available to unauthorized persons. This may result in misuse of information, damage to reputation and violation of player privacy. The impact on the game space is also a threat. By interacting, players can change the game world, for example, by entering incorrect data, moving objects to an inappropriate location, or modifying the rules of the game. This can lead to a violation of the balance of the game, incorrect results and a deterioration in the learning effect. Substitution or falsification of game elements is no less dangerous. Attackers can introduce fake elements into the game space, for example, incorrect reviews, changed rules or incorrect data. This can lead to incorrect conclusions, distort learning outcomes, and undermine confidence in the game. In addition, the use of interaction tools can become an object of attack. Attackers can hack and modify tools, such as communication platforms or data storage systems. This can lead to data theft, incorrect operation of tools and malfunction during the game. It is shown that formal descriptions of the choice of a game strategy can exist in a game. Indicators that are essential for cooperative interaction are determined, and examples of their calculation for the case with remote interaction through a social network are given. The article contains information about collaborations, which can be used to assess and choose the direction of development in projects that use game cooperative strategies to implement tasks other than training. The project highlights aspects of cooperative interaction that affect the formation of game strategies in an educational project. Of particular interest are projects in which a social network is the tool and medium of interaction. The objectives of the project are to identify easy-to-use indicators that show the features of cooperative interaction within an educational game. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Assessing performance of alkali-activated bricks incorporated with processed surgical masks
Since last few years the world is facing tremendous surge in the use of surgical masks due to the COVID19 pandemic. The uncontrolled disposal of surgical masks in the environment will pose serious threat to the living organisms due to plastic pollution. On the other hand, the construction industry is hugely dependent on natural resources, leading to increase in carbon footprint. Therefore, it necessary to investigate novel construction materials with sustainability perspective. In present study, alkali-activated bricks were synthesized with rice husk ash (RHA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), sand, and sodium silicate (SS). To this, processed surgical masks (PSM) were added in varying doses of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% by volume of the mix. The results revealed that addition of PSM significantly improved the strength properties of the bricks with a maximum compressive strength of 6.85 MPa at inclusion of 4% PSM. At the same time, it has reduced the density of bricks with a minimum value of 1.54 g/cm3 at inclusion of 4% PSM. The incorporation of PSM has slightly increased the water absorption and porosity of the bricks, with a maximum increase of 4.76% and 7.75% for bricks with 4% PSM, when compared to bricks with 0% PSM, respectively. The accelerated ageing test showed that after three cycles of wetting and drying the bricks exhibited loss in compressive strength in the range of 55.2%58.6%. The microstructure results revealed the bridging effect of fibrous mask particles in improving the load transfer in polymer matrix, and thereby reducing the brittle tensile failure in bricks. The pushover analysis showed the benefit of PSM in improving the performance of the infill walls due to improvement in brick strength and reduction in its self-weight, and therefore, it can be considered as a potential material for use in construction of buildings in seismically vulnerable areas. 2023 The Author(s) -
Assessing perceptions of COVID-19 self-protective measures: a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach
Purpose: This study aimed to develop scales to assess perceptions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) self-protective measures (SPMs) and examine the psychometric properties based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Design/methodology/approach: A total of 412 participants from Bangalore, India, randomly volunteered to participate in this research. The questionnaire consisted of items related to the TPB scales and demographic details. Findings: A structural equation model showed a reasonable model fit. In total, 70% of the individuals' behavioral intentions of following COVID-19 SPMs were predicted by perceived benefits, barriers, social norms and social influence. Participants' age impacted on perceived benefits and perceived social influence and individuals' behavioral intentions of following COVID-19 SPMs, with a 13.6% difference in model prediction. Originality/value: The TPB can be used as a strong psychometric property to assess behavioral determinants of COVID-19 SPMs. 2021, Sangeeta Mehrolia, Subburaj Alagarsamy and Jeevananda S. -
Assessing oral acute toxicity and histopathological effects of Strelitzia reginae Aiton leaf extracts in Zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton)
Strelitzia reginae, commonly known as the Bird of Paradise, is a decorative shrub endemic to southern Africa. This study marks the first comprehensive investigation into the safety of S. reginae leaf extract through oral acute toxicity assessments and histopathological examinations in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). The interest in this research arises from the historical use of S. reginae components by various indigenous South African societies to treat conditions like swollen glands and sexual problems. GC-MS analysis was used along with traditional methods to look at the phytochemical parts of S. reginae. The results showed the presence of several substances, such as eicosane, hexacosane, 1-octadecene, and neophytadiene. Notably, the analysis also identified certain chemicals with potential cytotoxic properties, such as octacosane and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Drawing upon the biological similarities between Zebrafish and humans, who share a majority of their genes, this study represents the first attempt to evaluate the toxicity and histopathology of S. reginae using D. rerio as the test model, aligning with the OECD recommendations outlined in Article 203. The oral acute toxicity tests were done using ethanolic leaf powdered extracts of S. reginae. Higher concentrations (1200 mg/L) were toxic, but lower doses were less harmful to D. rerio. As observed in the histopathology examination, exposure to higher concentrations of S. reginae extract induced severe histological abnormalities in the Zebrafish's gills, liver, kidneys, intestines, and brain. This work contributes greatly to our understanding of S. reginae's safety profile and its potential therapeutic applications for enhancing well-being. 2024 Horizon e-Publishing Group. All rights reserved. -
Assessing Opportunities and Constraints of Community Engagement in Tourism Development at Hampi
Community Based Tourism will create a momentous milestone in improving the participation level of local communities in the arena of Heritage tourism as well as all the various branches of the travel and expedition industry. Whose heritage is being preserved, by whom, and for what purposes? (Shepherd 2006). This study particularly gives due emphasis on evaluating the level of participation from the resident???s part by assessing various development strategies offered by the respective authorities. The study also tries to address all the possible streams where the community can easily thrive and it also addresses the major obstacles which restricts their entry, indicating an inclusive approach towards community participation through community based tourism (CBT). Lack of cooperation among stakeholders was identified as challenges of CBT, (Tamir 2015). Tourism market of Hampi is developing year by year but the standard of living of the underprivileged community is always remains the same without any improvement and this is the core problem mentioned in the study. Quantitative research technique was used for the study with the help of a structured questionnaire which was used for collecting data. The collected data was analyzed with the help of quantitative data analysis software, SPSS. This research tries to bring out the various reasons behind the low level of community involvement in tourism industry with relevant evidence from the analyzed data. The study indicates the hopelessness of the community towards the major development strategies forwarded by the authorities especially Hampi Master Plan. It also addresses the poor level of education and lack of information about the potential of tourism employability and its scope in the field of community development. A unique relic of medieval commerce and religious faith into a lifeless ruin, (John and Michell2012) this study pinpoints the inefficiency of the tourism boards and poor functioning of other responsible authorities too. It VII also invokes the possibilities of promoting Agro-Tourism along with the existing Heritage tourism. There is enough scope for further study in the light of execution of CBT model as well as assessing the scope of Agro tourism in Hampi. This suggestion is propounded mainly because of the structural phase of the economy that is more than 70% of the working population is involved in agriculture and its allied sectors. There is a noticeable gap between the expectations of the local residents and what they are actually receiving from the authorities moreover, these entire gaps may hamper the idea of inclusive approach. If effective training and regular awareness creation program is initiated by the responsible authorities, it will create a better platform for inclusive approach. -
Assessing Land Use Transformation in Kanhangad Town: A Special Emphasis on Wetland Ecosystems
Kerala, renowned for its lush landscapes, is facing environmental challenges due to rapid urbanization, particularly in Kanhangad. This area, notable for its unique wetland ecosystem crucial for biodiversity and human livelihoods, is experiencing a conflict between residential development and wetland conservation. A comprehensive study in Kanhangad, employing diverse data sources such as open-source data, Google Earth Satellite Imagery, OpenStreetMap, and tools like ArcGIS, provides a detailed analysis of land use and its environmental impacts. The study combines digital data analysis with physical surveys to understand the ecological and developmental status comprehensively. The study reveals a dominant trend in Kanhangad's land use, with residential areas comprising 52% of the total land, mostly large, detached single-family homes. This reflects a societal shift towards viewing homes as status symbols, contributing to natural resource depletion. The research underscores the need for sustainable, low-cost housing, suggesting vertical housing as a potential solution to balance residential demands with environmental conservation. Kanhangad's wetlands, essential for local biodiversity and livelihoods, face threats from urban development and infrastructural expansion. The study shows a drastic reduction in wetland area, from 12.9 km in 2004-05 to just 1.66 km by 2020-21, indicating severe ecological degradation. Despite the Kerala Conservation of Paddy land and Wetland Act of 2008, which aims to protect these ecosystems, its limited effectiveness is evident from the ongoing depletion of wetlands. This situation calls for stricter enforcement of environmental regulations and greater public involvement in conservation efforts. Furthermore, the research examines the Kerala Paddy and Wetland Conservation Act-2008, analysing its role and effectiveness in local environmental governance. The Act, focusing on prohibiting wetland and paddy land conversion, is vital for regional conservation. However, gaps in its implementation are highlighted, especially considering the exacerbation of the 2018 and 2019 Kerala floods due to land conversion practices. The study emphasizes the urgent need for more robust environmental protection measures. 2024 by authors. All rights reserved. -
Assessing Individual Intention in Adoption of Green Loans for Solar Rooftop Projects
Amidst a global surge in environmental consciousness, this study investigates the adoption dynamics of green loans for solar rooftop projects, capitalizing on the increasing awareness of individuals seeking to embrace environmentally friendly technological innovations. Against the backdrop of escalating environmental concerns, this research explores the intricate relationships between financial considerations, heightened environmental awareness, regulatory support, and access to information in shaping individual intentions to adopt green loans for solar rooftop initiatives. Leveraging a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach and a sample size of 225 respondents, this study provides nuanced insights into the factors influencing sustainable financial choices, contributing to the ongoing discourse on the intersection of green financing, renewable energy, and individual decision-making. The findings hold implications for policymakers, financial institutions, and individuals striving to align their financial practices with eco-conscious initiatives to pursue a sustainable future. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Assessing Human Stress Through Smartphone Usage
Stress occurs in a human being when they are faced with exigent situations in life. Assessing stress has been always challenging. Smartphones have become a part of everyones day-to-day activity in the present time. Considering humansmartphone interaction, sensing of stress in an individual can be assessed as todays youth spends most of their time with smartphones. Taking this into consideration, a study is carried out in this paper on assessing stress of an individual based on their interaction with the smartphone. In this work, humansmartphone interaction features, like swipe, scroll, and text input, are examined. Text input is incorporated by disabling the autocorrection and spelling checker features of the keyboard. Moreover, sensor data is used by Google activity recognition API to analyze the physical activity of the individual to assess the stress level. 2019, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Assessing Housing Preferences and Living Conditions of Migrant Workers in the Fringe Areas of Bengaluru City, India
This study investigates the housing preferences and its impact on living conditions of migrant industrial workers in the fringe areas of Bengaluru, India, where rapid urbanization and economic expansion have led to a significant demand for affordable housing. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a multi-criteria decision-making framework, this study analyzed key factors influencing housing choices, such as proximity to the workplace, affordability, and access to essential amenities. Data were collected from 400 respondents through a combination of surveys, complimented by field observations and expert consultations. The findings indicate a strong preference for affordable housing close to employment hubs, with proximity to workplace emerging as the most critical criterion with a priority weight of 43.36%, followed by affordability with a priority weight of 12.47%. However, field insights reveal a trade-off with housing quality and living conditions. Many migrant workers are confined to overcrowded and poorly ventilated rental units, often provided by employers, which compromises their health and well-being. Our results contribute to the understanding of urban housing challenges in rapidly growing economies and emphasize the importance of sustainable, health-oriented housing policies that can mitigate environmental impacts and improve the quality of life for low-income migrant populations. 2024 by the authors. -
Assessing global perceptions of India: Policy implications drawn from foreign tourism narratives
This study scrutinizes Indias growing appeal as a tourist destination, accentuated by government initiatives and innovative tourism policies like the e-visa program, Incredible India Campaign 2.0 and digital advancements in the travel sector. With the diminishing impact of COVID-19, there is a noticeable surge in various forms of tourism inbound, outbound and domestic. The primary focus is to understand the driving factors behind the choice of India as a destination for inbound tourists. This research delves into these motivations, providing a global perspective on Indias attractiveness. A mixed-method approach was employed, utilizing convenience sampling for data collection. The quantitative analysis was based on a survey, informed by a literature review, comprising 390 respondents from 10 diverse Indian destinations. Additionally, 25 qualitative interviews were conducted, aiming to enrich and triangulate the quantitative findings. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed five predominant motivations among inbound tourists: culinary interests, spiritual pursuits, budget-consciousness, cultural curiosity and natural allure. These findings were substantiated through thematic analysis. The outcomes have significant practical ramifications for destination managers and tourism policy developers in India. By understanding these key motivators, they can devise targeted strategies for enhancing the appeal of India to these specific tourist segments. This study not only aids in refining tourism promotion efforts but also contributes to the academic discourse on tourist motivation offering a fresh international perspective on Indias image as a tourist destination. by the author, licensee University of Lodz Lodz University Press, Lodz, Poland. -
ASSESSING FIRMS ESG PERFORMANCE USING THE TOPSIS
Environment, social and governance (ESG) criteria are a quantum of a companys performance in the environmental, social and governance aspects. A companys worth may be determined not only by its earnings but also by its knowledge and sensitivity towards its stakeholders and society. The study aims to rank the companies and determine which company is superior based on ESG criteria. The authors employed the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) in this study. The companies are ranked with this standardized method comprehending which company is the best taking into consideration the various environmental, social and governance factors. The authors have evaluated four companies in the electric utilities and IPPs industry. The results of the study rank these four companies on the basis of ESG criteria. Interestingly, the rankings calculated for ESG criteria are identical to the rankings calculated by a well-known ESG rating agency. To the best of authors knowledge, this work is among the first to use the TOPSIS method to find rankings of the companies on the basis on ESG criteria. The work provides practical implications regarding convenient to use when finding ESG rankings for companies. This might be the most effective way for investors or other parties to learn which firm is the greatest for sustainable investing. 2025 by Palak Rathi, Ankit Nyati, Rushina Singhi and Anubha Srivastava.