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The Impact of Website Design on Online Customer Buying Satisfaction and Loyalty to E-Tailers: An Exploratory Study of E-Tailers in India
The popularity of e-tailers has distorted the retail industry in India. Websites are becoming an important means through which customers get product information and purchase items for their needs. This research paper focuses on four dimensions (i.e., user interface, convenience, personalized recommendations, and perceived security of the website) to assess their impact on online customer satisfaction with and loyalty towards e-tailers. The study questionnaire used established measures. The data was collected from four large cities in India, namely Chennai, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Delhi. Analysis of the survey results suggests that perceived website security is the most important dimension for customer loyalty. E-tailers have to ensure adequate security provisions in their websites to build up consumer perceptions of trust and so repeat business loyalty. Copyright 2022, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. -
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East West Interface In 20Th Century India: Analysis Of Western Women???S Responses
In the twenty-first century, the Western world is seeking a greater understanding of the people and nations of Asia, India in particular. The thesis, ???East West Interface in 20th century India: Analysis of Western women???s responses??? is an attempt to illuminate at least an aspect of that interface during a given period of the past, so as to help shed some light on the present day Western approach to India. Throughout the colonial period, Western women got attracted to India. However, during the 20th century, arrival of four eminent Western women from diverse backgrounds, with different intentions had far-reaching impact for India. Katherine Mayo, Margaret Elizabeth Noble, Annie Besant and Madeline Slade, not only got actively involved with the Indian society but in their own ways contributed towards transforming the Indian society. They left an overwhelming impact on the Indian political fabric. The thesis aims to analyze the contribution of these four outstanding Western women and attempts to understand how Indian socio-political and cultural structure got influenced by and drew inspirations from them. This work also attempts to add to the process of evolution of understanding the East by the West. -
The effect of climate change on the dynamics of a modified surface energy balance-mass balance model of Cryosphere under the frame of a non-local operator
One of the major causes of the intermittent nature of long-term climate changes is the interaction between the surface energy balance and the mass balance of the Cryosphere. In this paper, the pre-existing surface energy balance-mass balance model of the Cryosphere is modified by incorporating the radiative forcing of CO2 to observe the effect of global warming on the nature of the previous model. The modified model is generalized using Caputo's non-local operator. The stability of the new model is analyzed at all the equilibrium points and also it is shown that there exists a unique and bounded solution for the modified system. Using bifurcation analysis and calculating the values of Lyapunov exponents for different fractional orders of the modified system, it is found that the system exhibits chaos for certain values of the radiating forcing of CO2 To observe and visualize the changes in the nature of the new model, the system is solved using the highly efficient 7th-order RungeKutta method. It is observed that with the inclusion of the radiative forcing of CO2, the nature of the system changes from asymptotically stable to chaotic as we decrease the order of the system. The Poincare map shows that the modified model even has characteristics of a strange attractor which is highly chaotic. The system becomes unstable when the value of the radiative forcing of CO2 is increased. As a result, the predictive power of the surface energy balance-mass balance model of the Cryosphere decreases. In addition to providing insights into the transition from stability to chaos in the Cryosphere model due to CO2 radiative forcing, this research offers a deeper understanding of the intricate interplay between climate dynamics and complex systems behavior. 2023 The Authors -
Effects of global warming, time delay and chaos control on the dynamics of a chaotic atmospheric propagation model within the frame of Caputo fractional operator
The Lorenz-84 climate model is a simplified mathematical model that describes the chaotic behavior of atmospheric convection and its impact on global climate patterns. It captures the presence of chaotic behavior in the motion of westerly wind and helps understand the concept of sensitivity to initial conditions. But as observed over the years, the westerlies are gaining more strength due to the rise in atmospheric temperature. In this work, we have modified the old model to observe the changes in the behavior of the system due to global warming and time delay. The modified model has been generalized using Caputo fractional derivative to provide a more accurate representation of the system with memory effect and non-local behavior. The stability of the new model has been tested at all the equilibrium points. Using Picard's operator and Banach's Fixed Point theorem, it has been shown that there exists a unique and bounded solution for the new model. It has been observed that the sole effect of global warming makes the system gradually unstable from chaotic as the fractional order ? is decreased from 0.80 to 0.50. Also, a shift in the bifurcation point has been noticed for the new model. All three Lyapunov exponents have been calculated for different fractional orders to confirm the presence of chaos in the modified model as well. A chaos control law has been constructed for the modified chaotic model using the sliding mode control theory. Interestingly, the chaos disappears completely when the effect of time-delay is considered in the modified model. Since our proposed time-delayed modified model shows an asymptotically stable nature for all fractional orders ? less than 0.85, it is better suited to make more accurate predictions about the strength of the westerlies. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
Unveiling stabilization mechanisms in a chaotic fractional Cryosphere model
This article investigates the influence of chaos control and time delay on a chaotic surface energy balance-mass balance model of the Cryosphere. This research delves into the effectiveness of employing the active control method to stabilize chaotic systems with different fractional orders. Moreover, the investigation uncovers a noteworthy aspect of system dynamics, highlighting the role of time delay as a stabilizing element in chaotic systems. The generalized predictor-corrector method has been used to solve the fractional delayed and non-delayed systems. Numerical simulations show that the addition of time lag confers stability to the chaotic model for fractional orders ? = 1 and 0.95. Remarkably, for ? = 0.90, 0.85, 0.80 and 0.75, the delayed model transitions into an asymptotically stable state, revealing the significant stabilizing effect of time delay. CSP - Cambridge, UK; I&S - Florida, USA, 2024 -
Investigating the dynamics, synchronization and control of chaos within a transformed fractional SamardzijaGreller framework
In this article, in response to the limitations of existing ecological models, we address the critical need for a more comprehensive understanding of predatorprey dynamics by presenting a modified fractional SamardzijaGreller model that incorporates intra- and inter-species competitions within two predator populations. Our model stands out for being more realistic because it considers the natural competition that occurs among and between two predator species when they share a common prey We derived the local stability conditions at equilibrium points using RouthHurwitz conditions for the modified model. With the help of a suitably chosen Lyapunov function, we also obtained the global stability condition for our fractional model. The existence of chaos has been confirmed through Lyapunov exponents and bifurcation in the new system for two distinct sets of initial conditions for different fractional orders. Employing the active control method, we establish conditions for synchronization between these two fractional systems and introduce control functions for chaos management in the modified model. Numerical simulations, utilizing the generalized AdamsBashforthMoulton method, support the theoretical findings across a spectrum of fractional orders ranging from 0 to 1. We demonstrated the adaptability of the active control method for different fractional orders. A fractional order of ? equal to 1 for synchronization shows rapid convergence, but a drop to ? equal to 0.80 causes a substantial slowdown that takes almost six times more number of iterations to complete. Thus, we shed light on how the fractional order of the system plays a pivotal role in determining the speed of synchronization, with lower orders leading to a noticeable delay and higher fractional orders favoring faster synchronization. Our thorough investigation contributes to the understanding of complex ecological systems and offers practical insights into fractional chaos control mechanisms within the context of predatorprey models. 2024 Elsevier Ltd -
Unpaid Work by Women: A State-level Analysis of Evidence from Time-use Survey
Low and declining female labour force participation in India over the past two decades has turned attention to the high unpaid work time spent by women. The question, however, remains whether women spend more time on unpaid work because there are not enough jobs or whether it is time spent on unpaid work that is holding them back from participation in the labour force. Against this backdrop, the present article explores Indias nationally representative time-use survey conducted by National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) to estimate factors that explain variations in time spent by women in unpaid work at the state level. The results show that structural transformation, entailing a reduction in employment in agriculture and an increase in the share of industries in state GDP, does not necessarily entail any reduction in unpaid time spent by women if the technology embodied in industrialisation is not gender-friendly. Worryingly, progress in female literacy recorded by states is no guarantee of a reduction in unpaid work by women. However, a gender-friendly atmosphere does make a difference in the reduction in unpaid work reported by women. Similarly, targeted public policy intervention does relax the constraints that women face at home, with a positive effect on unpaid work time. 2024 Institute for Human Development. -
Prediction of Depression in Young Adults Using Supervised Learning Algorithm
Over the years, mental health has achieved an essential role in the pertinent development of a human being, and a large part of the population is affected by it. The most commonly affected community being college-going students, and the most common disorders being Anxiety and Depression. Depression is a leading cause of suicide in individuals, where suicide is the second most prevailing reason for death among 1529-year-olds. This study aims to identify the different reasons and other factors associated with depression to predict and determine whether an individual faces depressive disorders. For this research purpose, the most appropriate classifier is selected. The absolute accuracy of the proposed model is 91.17%, i.e., the model can correctly predict whether an individual has depression 91.17% of the time. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
A STUDY OF AN UNDIRECTED GRAPH ON A FINITE SUBSET OF NATURAL NUMBERS
Let Gn = (V, E) be an undirected simple graph, whose vertex set comprises of the natural numbers which are less than n but not relatively prime to n and two distinct vertices u, v ? V are adjacent if and only if gcd(u, v) > 1. Connectedness, completeness, minimum degree, maximum degree, independence number, domination number and Eulerian property of the graph Gn are studied in this paper. 2022, RAMANUJAN SOCIETY OF MATHEMATICS AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES. All rights reserved. -
A survey on the intersection graphs of ideals of rings
Let L(R) denote the set of all non-trivial left ideals of a ring R. The intersection graph of ideals of a ring R is an undirected simple graph denoted by G(R) whose vertices are in a one-to-one correspondence with L(R) and two distinct vertices are joined by an edge if and only if the corresponding left ideals of R have a non-zero intersection. The ideal structure of a ring reects many ring theoretical properties. There is so much research that has been conducted during the last decade to explore the properties of G(R). This is a survey of the developments in the study on the intersection graphs of ideals of rings since its introduction in 2009. 2022 by the authors. -
ON THE GENERALIZED COMPLEMENT OF SOME GRAPHS
In this paper we study the generalized complement of the graph Gm,n = (V, E) for some values of m, n. We study the generalized complement of Gm,n graphs with respect to the equal degree partition. The 2?complement of Gm,n graphs are also determined for m = 2, n is even or odd. In particular, for some values of m, n ? N, we studied the complement of Gm,n graphs with respect to the equal degree partition and the 2?complement of Gm,n graphs. We determine the partitions Pk, k ? N of the vertex set V such that the generalized complement of Gm,n graph is a path graph and a comb graph. 2021, Asia Pacific Academic. All rights reserved. -
Biodiversity and Indigenous Medicinal Knowledge of North-East India: Navigating Climate Change Impacts on Medicinal Plants for Conservation and Advancement
The northeastern region of India holds the sixth position among the world's 25 biodiversity hotspots, covering approximately 8% of the nation's total land area, which amounts to 262, 060 square kilometres. Situated in the eastern Himalayas, any alterations in this biodiversity-rich area can have significant and far-reaching consequences. Indigenous tribes of this region believe in the remarkable healing properties of certain medicinal plants, and within its diverse population of around 225 communities, each tribal and sub -tribal group possesses distinct traditional knowledge. Capturing and harnessing this indigenous wisdom by scientists and researchers could unlock new avenues for progress, particularly within the pharmaceutical sector. Climate change stands as one of the paramount global environmental challenges. Predictions indicate that by the close of the 21st century, the Earth's average temperature might rise by anywhere between 0.3 to 4.8 C, accompanied by a potential sea level increase of 26 to 82 cm. These climate shifts could have adverse effects on the abundance and accessibility of medicinal plants, potentially leading to species extinction. Moreover, the impact of climate change could extend beyond availability to also encompass alterations in the pharmacological properties of various plants, particularly those found in alpine environments. This discussion underscores the importance of existing knowledge, critical analyses, challenges, opportunities, and the immense value of medicinal plants. It emphasizes the intersection of changing climate and the vulnerability of medicinal plant resources, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of these effects in the context of the North Eastern region of India. To address these challenges, there is a pressing need for in-depth research on the geographical distribution of plant communities and strategies to enhance the secondary synthesis of critically endangered medicinal plants under the current climate change scenarios. The Author(s). -
Sustainable Management of Exotic Fish Biodiversity in Karnataka: Status, Challenges, and Threats
Fish biodiversity, a significant part of the aquatic ecosystem, has been studied widely in India. However, the distribution and diversity of fish species have not been well-researched at the state and/or regional levels. Karnataka is bestowed with 8% of the countrys water resources, which are under extreme pressure because of unregulated population growth, biological invasion, and developmental requirements. Since the middle of the nineteenth century, India has been introducing alien species to its water bodies. Currently, 13.6% of the fish diversity in India is exotic and has been established voluntarily or involuntarily for various purposes. The establishment of invasive alien fishes negatively influences native fish communities around the globe. In general, most publications present the latest status of ichthyofauna in several regions of Karnataka; however, there is no up-to-date documentation on strategic environmental developments and unforeseen challenges, such as invasive alien species (IAS). This study reconstructs existing knowledge while analytically reviewing challenges, potential management techniques, advancements, and the impacts of climate change and disseminates the data necessary for the comprehension of the biological invasion of IAS. 2024, Indian Society for Ecological Economics (INSEE). All rights reserved. -
Maternal circulating sFlt-1/placental growth factor is a biomarker of fetal death associated with placental lesions of maternal vascular malperfusion
Objectives: Fetal death is a major pregnancy complication, with rates of 5.5 per 1,000 births in the United States and substantially higher in India (24.7/1,000) and Pakistan (44.5/1,000). Maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) is the most frequent placental lesion associated with fetal death, occurring in 58 % of fetal deaths and 31 % of preterm neonatal deaths in South Asia. Angiogenic imbalance, characterized by a low placental growth factor (PlGF) to soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) ratio, has been associated with MVM and fetal death in high-income countries. We examined whether maternal serum concentrations of PlGF, sFlt-1, and their ratio differ between mothers with and without MVM among stillbirths and preterm neonatal deaths in India and Pakistan. Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis used data from the PURPOSe study (Project to Understand and Research Preterm Pregnancy Outcomes and Stillbirths in South Asia). Maternal blood was collected at delivery, and placental histopathology was classified according to the Amsterdam criteria. Serum PlGF and sFlt-1 were measured using Elecsys immunoassays, with analyses stratified by gestational age. Results: Placental MVM was present in 44-57 % of stillbirths and 31-38 % of preterm neonatal deaths. Between 28 and 36 weeks, women with MVM had significantly lower PlGF and higher sFlt-1 and sFlt-1/PlGF ratios (p<0.001). A tenfold decrease in PlGF or increase in the ratio was associated with MVM (OR 0.5 and 1.7, respectively). Conclusions: The maternal sFlt-1/PlGF ratio identifies pregnancies with fetal or neonatal death associated with placental MVM, particularly between 28 and 36 weeks' gestation. 2025 the author(s) -
Mainstreaming Reproductive Mental Health of Women: The Unmet Need of the Hour
Background: While the existing research is limited, over recent years, there has been growing awareness to understand the mental health of women during menstruation, menopause, and postpartum. Methodology: A woman's distinct reproductive life stages adversely affect her psychological well-being, aggravated by other underlying social, economic, and cultural factors. Drawing upon the analysis of governing laws and womens reproductive health literature. Results: The existing reproductive health law, educational, and workplace frameworks in India are inadequate for supporting the reproductive mental health of women. Conclusion: It is of critical importance to adopt a holistic approach and call for mainstreaming the reproductive mental health of women through urgent legal and healthcare reforms. The Author(s). -
Optimization Enabled Ensemble Learning for Leukemia Classification Using Microarray Data
Leukemia classification involves identification and categorization of various leukemias, a cluster of blood malignancies influencing white blood cells. Proper classification is crucial for selecting the appropriate treatment modalities and predicting outcomes in patients. Historically, leukemia classification was based on clinical and morphological characteristics, but new developments in genomics like microarray and next-generation sequencing tools have facilitated more accurate molecular classifications. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods have transformed leukemia classification by enabling automation of analysis in large and intricate datasets to ensure more accurate and efficient leukemia subtype classification. The primary goal of this research is to suggest a new leukemia classification method using microarray data. Leukemia microarray data first undergoes preprocessing, after which feature selection is performed through Serial Exponential-Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm (SE-SBOA). SE-SBOA is an optimization method that embeds the exponential weighted moving average concept (EWMA) into Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm (SBOA). The method helps to find the best feature subset, improving model performance at lower complexity. Lastly, leukemia classification is done using the proposed ensemble method that combines Graph Neural Network (GNN), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Random Forest. Utilizing the advantages of GNN, MLP and Random Forest, the model proposed herein attains higher classification accuracy and proves to outperform traditional methods. Experimental results demonstrate that the SE-SBOA-based Ensemble Learning technique outperformed standard methods, attaining an accuracy of 95.9%, a precision of 96.1%, a recall of 96.2%, and an F1-score of 96.2%. 2025, Innovative Information Science and Technology Research Group. All rights reserved. -
Bone Abnormality Detection Using RMSprop Optimizer in VGG16
The advent of deep learning has revolutionized medical imaging, enhancing diagnostic precision, treatment planning, and patient care. This study leverages deep learning, specifically employing the VGG16 model optimized with RMSprop, to automate bone abnormality detection. Methodologically, the research encompasses data acquisition, preprocessing, and model training with RMSprop optimization. Results highlight the efficacy of this approach, showcasing RMSprops ability to detect various bone abnormalities. These findings underscore deep learnings potential in medical imaging, emphasizing its applicability beyond bone abnormality detection. The study illuminates the transformative impact of RMSprop-optimized deep learning models in medical imaging, promising advancements in automated diagnosis and treatment planning. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Feature extraction of clothing texture patterns for classification
Different features are extracted for Pattern Recognition using an efficient algorithms like Scale Invariant Feature Transform, Rotation invariant Radon Transform and extracting statistical features of a texture image. Support vector machine with RBF kernel in Weka is used in this paper for classification. This paper shows method to classify the clothing texture patterns like strips, plaid, pattern less and irregular pattern. This paper also proposes a method which can be efficient method to apply for the real time natural texture patterns and colors recognition systems. This paper gives the experiments results and the proposed method to enhance the experiments accuracy in future scope. 2015 IEEE. -
Physicochemical Modifications on Fibrous Substrates for Sensing and Separation Applications
Fibers are forms of matter characterized by flexibility, fineness, and a high length-tothickness ratio, embodying properties such as large surface-area-to-volume ratio, newlinecontinuity, flexibility in surface functionalities, superior mechanical performances, ability to absorb dye and moisture, etc. Fibers can be transformed into coils, yarns, or fabrics by twisting or overlapping, resulting in fibrous substrates that are self-standing, flexible, and possessing excellent mechanical properties and large specific surface areas. The porosity, functionality, hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties, and functional characteristics for desirable applications can be achieved by various modifications of the fiber substrates. Physical (e.g., composite material blending, coating) and chemical (e.g., surface hydrolysis, chemical crosslinking) methods have been used to modify fiber substrates. These physicochemical modifications render the newlinefibers suitable for specialized applications such as food packaging, food spoilage newlinedetection, and wastewater treatment. Existing modification strategies for preparing indicators for food quality monitoring are newlinenot user-friendly, equipment-free, and cannot be used without training and expertise. Newer approaches to the modification of fiber substrates are thus essential to provide newlinesuitable indicators for household settings. There is also a requirement for straightforward methods that quantifies the color to indicate the quality of food and newlinefacilitates its use in domestic environments without personal expertise or laboratory newlinesetup. In this regard, we focused on developing simple physicochemical modifications of fibrous substrates for food-quality monitoring. In our first work, natural jute fiber was subjected to delignification to incorporate pH-sensitive anthocyanins. This indicator was used as a point-of-care colorimetric indicator for monitoring fish quality.