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Analysing the Relationship Between FDI and the Dimensions of Sustainable Development in India
After dominating international development policy for more than 20years, sustainability and sustainable development have attracted more and more attention in policy and scholarly discourse. Significantly, recent events have emphasised the significance of pursuing sustainability and sustainable development even more. These include the adoption of a circular economy strategy, the move to renewable energy sources, the fight against climate change, and attempts to reduce emissions from fossil fuels. Foreign direct investment is one method of achieving sustainable development. Therefore, a sustainable relationship between FDI and sustainable development in India has been established in the subsequent pages of this paper and this causal relationship has been analysed. This causal relationship has been established via the vector error correction model. Through the findings, this paper doubles down on the idea that FDI is a great source for the introduction of sustainable development. However, it is also found that policymakers should focus on the implementation of those policies that utilise the benefits of FDI while simultaneously working against the negative environmental impacts and promoting the need for human development. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Does FDI Determine Sustainable Development? Evidence from India
This study aims to evaluate if foreign direct investment (FDI) impacts sustainable development in India. The study uses time series data from World Bank database for India for a period spanning 19902022. For sustainable development, an index representing the three dimensions of sustainability is created using principal component analysis (PCA). Descriptive statistics complemented with autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) model is implemented on the data collected. The study finds that FDI significantly and positively affects sustainable development in India. This relationship exists not only in the short run but also in the long run. To the best of our knowledge, not many studies have identified the impact of FDI on sustainable development in India, taking indicators of all dimensions of sustainability. The study calls attention to creating policies that focus on attracting and incentivizing FDI that aligns with sustainable development goals. This includes investments in infrastructure, renewable energy, and technology transfer. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
The Linkage Between the Determinants of Sustainable Growth and Energy-Efficient Consumption to Sustainable Development: A Cross-Country Analysis
The research explores the determinants of sustainable development, highlighting the impact of sustainable growth and energy-efficient consumption. Furthermore, individually analyzing the factors influencing sustainable development, sustainable growth and energy-efficient consumption. Using secondary data sources for 19 variables, the study analyzed it for the G20 nations excluding the European Union. Nevertheless, the findings conclude that a positive relationship between sustainable growth and energy-efficient consumption contributes to sustainable development. Including macroeconomic, spatial and socio-economic variables as control variables enhances the studys findings by unravelling a unique perspective and relationship between these variables on sustainable development. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Impact of Covid-19 on Sustainable Indices: A Structural Break Analysis
The study focused on the structural breakpoint on Covid-19 announcement by the World health organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. The objective of the study is to know the breaks at the specified breakpoints (Covid-19 Announcement). This paper applied the CUSUM of Squares test, chow breakpoint test, and F-Statistics on daily basis the event window (?30days, Event date,?+30days) of seven emerging and sustainable indices of the world namely, viz, China, India, Brazil, Mexico, Russia, Indonesia, and Turkey. The interpretation of the graph of the series indicates that breakpoint. The findings of simple regression are significant. The stability diagnostic of CUSUM Square test degradation shown out 5% level of significance, meaning the break in the model. In the Chow test, the null hypothesis is rejected, there is a break as on covid-19 date of announcement breakpoints, the value of f-statistic is significant at 5% level. It is life-threatening to consider the change due to the Covid-19 in selected sustainable indices. Our estimation allowed counterfactual experiment to indicate that the covid-19 affected the stock market deviation on the announcement of Nobel coronavirus in the world. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Service Quality, the Most Driving Factor for Use Continuance of Chatbot in Banking Sector
The challenges faced by businesses in todays context are numerous. There are many uncertainties. However, to achieve sustainable development many businesses have adopted artificial intelligence to improve customer experience. Particularly the banking industry has implemented AI in the form of Chatbot. A conversational application that answers the queries of the customers. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the customers use continuance of Chatbot services in the banking industry. The survey evaluated various determinants such as Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Word-of-Mouth and Use Continuance. Data was collected from 232 bank customers in Bangalore, Karnataka, South India, through online and offline surveys using a random sampling method. The collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS, and AMOS. The result shows that Service Quality has a significant effect on Satisfaction. And Satisfaction acts as a catalyst that impacts the Use Continuance of bank Chatbots. Loyalty and Word-of-mouth show mild mediation between Satisfaction and Use Continuance. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Service Quality, the Most Driving Factor for Use Continuance of Chatbot in Banking Sector
The challenges faced by businesses in todays context are numerous. There are many uncertainties. However, to achieve sustainable development many businesses have adopted artificial intelligence to improve customer experience. Particularly the banking industry has implemented AI in the form of Chatbot. A conversational application that answers the queries of the customers. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the customers use continuance of Chatbot services in the banking industry. The survey evaluated various determinants such as Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Word-of-Mouth and Use Continuance. Data was collected from 232 bank customers in Bangalore, Karnataka, South India, through online and offline surveys using a random sampling method. The collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS, and AMOS. The result shows that Service Quality has a significant effect on Satisfaction. And Satisfaction acts as a catalyst that impacts the Use Continuance of bank Chatbots. Loyalty and Word-of-mouth show mild mediation between Satisfaction and Use Continuance. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Assessing the Environmental and Health Impacts of Cashew Processing: Pathway Analysis of Pollution Sources, Emissions, and Intervention Strategies
This study investigates the environmental and health impacts of cashew processing in Kollam, Kerala, renowned globally as the Cashew Capital of the World. While the cashew industry is a significant economic driver, providing employment to thousands primarily women and boosting Kerala's export revenue, its environmental footprint has raised growing concerns. Cashew processing generates considerable waste, including emissions from the roasting process, shell waste, and pollutants, which affect air, water, and soil quality. These environmental issues pose a threat to nearby ecosystems and raise health risks for workers and local communities, including respiratory, skin, and cardiovascular conditions due to exposure to toxic fumes and chemical residues. This study aims to balance economic advantages with environmental sustainability by conducting a pathway analysis of pollution sources, emissions, and potential interventions. Employing a mixed-method approach that includes stratified sampling and statistical techniques such as Chi-Square Tests and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the research assesses pollution levels, health impacts, and current sustainability practices within the industry. Through a comprehensive evaluation, the study offers actionable recommendations for mitigating the environmental impact of cashew processing. This analysis provides a foundation for policy reforms and green technology adoption, ensuring the long-term viability of Kollam's cashew industry while safeguarding public health and ecological balance. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Twin Benefits: A Study on the Implementation of Digital Twin in Crypto Mining Optimization
The economic downturns at the beginning of the twenty-first century were marked by peoples distrust of financial institutions. Leveraging the demand for a decentralized financial system, Satoshi Nakamoto introduced the concept of Bitcoin, based on blockchain technology. The growth of Bitcoin attracted attention to the Bitcoin mining farms and their substantial energy consumption. According to the Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index, the annualized energy consumption of Bitcoin reached 145.55 TWh (terawatt hours). Bitcoin ranks 27th in global electricity consumption and 67th in global greenhouse gas emission. The production and disposal of mining hardware is also a significant environmental issue. Crypto mining is an area that is constantly striving to achieve energy optimization. Currently, the main focus for energy efficiency optimization is hardware upgradation, resorting to renewable energy, or adopting overclocking. However, these solutions often focus on the individual aspects of the problem. Farms should have a system to leverage real-time data and analytics to make data-driven decisions for optimization. Digital Twin (DT) has the ability to address these limitations and provide a data-driven approach to energy optimization in crypto mining farms. The article discusses the scope of DT implementation in crypto mining, the benefits and impact of DT implementation, the challenges and considerations with DT implementation, various computational models that can be applied for DT implementation, and the policies and regulations to encourage DT adoption in mining farms. The article delves into the potential of computational modeling approaches like Digital Twin to optimize energy consumption and promote sustainability in the blockchain landscape. The article can also initiate further discussions on how financial technology and environmental responsibility can go hand-in-hand. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Twin Benefits: A Study on the Implementation of Digital Twin in Crypto Mining Optimization
The economic downturns at the beginning of the twenty-first century were marked by peoples distrust of financial institutions. Leveraging the demand for a decentralized financial system, Satoshi Nakamoto introduced the concept of Bitcoin, based on blockchain technology. The growth of Bitcoin attracted attention to the Bitcoin mining farms and their substantial energy consumption. According to the Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index, the annualized energy consumption of Bitcoin reached 145.55 TWh (terawatt hours). Bitcoin ranks 27th in global electricity consumption and 67th in global greenhouse gas emission. The production and disposal of mining hardware is also a significant environmental issue. Crypto mining is an area that is constantly striving to achieve energy optimization. Currently, the main focus for energy efficiency optimization is hardware upgradation, resorting to renewable energy, or adopting overclocking. However, these solutions often focus on the individual aspects of the problem. Farms should have a system to leverage real-time data and analytics to make data-driven decisions for optimization. Digital Twin (DT) has the ability to address these limitations and provide a data-driven approach to energy optimization in crypto mining farms. The article discusses the scope of DT implementation in crypto mining, the benefits and impact of DT implementation, the challenges and considerations with DT implementation, various computational models that can be applied for DT implementation, and the policies and regulations to encourage DT adoption in mining farms. The article delves into the potential of computational modeling approaches like Digital Twin to optimize energy consumption and promote sustainability in the blockchain landscape. The article can also initiate further discussions on how financial technology and environmental responsibility can go hand-in-hand. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
A Comprehensive Analysis of Digital Technologies for Climate Change
This study examines how digital technologies can help us to solve climate change through mitigation and adaptation. Through a literature review of the evolution of digital technologies from simple communication applications to artificial intelligence tools, this analysis identifies urgent applications needed at each stage of technological development and critiques their utility in climate action. The findings point out that the digital technologies have the potential to play a large role in combating climate change, but implementation faces challenges that need to be addressed through coordinated action internationally. The research concludes that by integrating approach that are combining of technological innovation and suitable policy frameworks presents climate action's most auspicious path forward. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
The Impact of Environmental Attributes on Purchase Intention Towards Sustainable Housing
The increasing environmental issues have remoulded consumer behaviour, forcing a shift towards sustainable consumption in the real estate sector. Prior research has focused more on demographic factors and environmental awareness as the main factors for eco-friendly purchases. However, there still exist gaps in acknowledging how certain specific environmental attributes impact purchase intention and, more specifically, the mediating role of consumer attitude towards behaviour concerning real estate sector. This current study uses the Theory of Planned Behavior framework to examine the influence of environmental attributes on purchase intentions for sustainable housing. The analysis has been performed using IBM SPSS Statistic Version 30 and JMP software. The findings show a significant impact of environmental attributes on purchase intention, and the mediation effect of attitude towards behaviour also leaves a significant impact between environmental attributes and purchase intention. These findings will also help contribute to the literature on sustainable housing by linking environmental attributes with consumer behavioural theory. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Synergism in Nutraceutical Formulations
Nutraceuticals are bioactive compounds or functional foods consumed to sustain nutrition and support disease prevention. Derived from nutrition and pharmaceuticals, the concept merges food science with therapeutic potential. Synergism in nutraceutical formulations arises when two or more bioactive agents interact to produce enhanced pharmacological or physiological outcomes that surpass the sum of their individual effects. This principle addresses key challenges of monotherapy: poor bioavailability, limited target specificity, and rapid metabolic degradation by enabling multicomponent, mechanistically complementary formulations. Recent innovations such as nano-encapsulation and codelivery systems further enhance absorption, stability, and efficacy of synergistic blends. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of molecular and formulation-based synergism in nutraceuticals, focusing on mechanistic interactions, formulation challenges, and future directions toward supernutraceuticals that integrate advanced bioengineering and traditional dietary wisdom. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
AI and Big Data Analytics for Management of Nutraceuticals
This chapter explores the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and Big Data Analytics on nutraceutical management. As consumer demand for health-focused products such as supplements, functional foods, and herbal extracts grows, ensuring quality, safety, regulatory compliance, and personalization remains challenging. AI enhances formulation and quality assurance through predictive modeling and computer vision, while analyzing individual health data for personalized nutrition. Concurrently, Big Data leverages vast datasets from clinical trials to consumer feedback to forecast market trends, segment consumers, and guide R&D. The integration of AI and Big Data fosters deeper insights, driving innovation, safety, and tailored solutions. However, challenges like data privacy, standards, and ethics persist. Future developments may include AI-driven discovery of bioactives, real-time supply chain monitoring, and blockchain-based transparency. Embracing these innovations is essential for advancing safer, more effective, and personalized nutraceuticals that promote public health. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Advances in Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for the Detection of Synthetic Dyes in the Food Matrices
Food adulteration is a global concern that is a significant public health risk. Such issues demand sophisticated analytical devices with high-speed sensitivity toward detecting adulterants. The surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) technique is an advanced tool that gains wide appreciation due to its very high sensitivity and selectivity. Being an excellent ultra-trace contaminant-detecting tool even within complex food matrices, this resource becomes fundamental in food safety protection. SERS is found to detect trace concentrations of synthetic dyes. Recent advancements have been made on new substrates that enhance signal stability among noble metals, hybrid nanostructures, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). These substrates are further functionalized with specific chemical moieties to improve the selectivity and reduce the matrix interference. SERS, combined with advanced computing tools like machine learning and chemometric algorithms, has completely changed the data analysis scenario; nowadays, high-throughput simultaneous detection and accurate adulterant quantification are possible. With rapid outputs and less sample preparation, portable SERS devices revealed promise in on-site food safety monitoring. Subsequent developments that address several fundamental concerns regarding cost, reusability, and scalability ultimately make SERS devices more widely adaptable. This chapter covers the emerging aspects of SERS substrates, enhancement strategies, and computational improvements concerning synthetic dye detection. It speaks of the potential of SERS as a flexible tool for ensuring public health and food safety worldwide while discussing the challenges and opportunities in developing inexpensive, reusable substrates. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Empowering Women Entrepreneurs in Trade: Challenges, Opportunities and the Role of Digital Marketplaces in Tamilnadu
In recent years, there is a revolution in the commercial sector due to digitalisation which provides an opportunity for the women entrepreneurs, especially in Tamil Nadu with unknown prospects. Nevertheless, all the women entrepreneurs do not get full advantage of these digitalised platforms like the women entrepreneurs who involved in MSME sectors with lack of access or restriction to capital, social constraints, legal constraints or lack of digital literacy. The current status of women entrepreneurship in Tamil Nadu is to identify their unique challenges they face in use of digital platforms and to overcome these challenges. The present study is to make an attempt to know how digital market places should improve women entrepreneurs in access to all the resources, opportunities and market places by evaluating the same. This current research adopts mixed-methods approach, which includes quantitative and qualitative methods. These methods are used to investigate how digital platforms helps the women entrepreneurs in removal of inequalities in reaching the market and also in elimination of financial access which in turn helps to improve the operational efficiency of women-led businesses. Based on the previous research, it is evident that digital markets help the entrepreneurs in getting connected with others and skill development along with access to a greater number of customers. This study focusses towards the interventions which has to be addressed which includes social constraints, lack of digital infrastructure, lack of training to access digital tools. The intent of this study is to focus in policy framing which promotes growth in trade that assists the women entrepreneurs. Thus, this research highlights the transformative potential of digital marketplaces in empowering women in trade, paving the way for an inclusive and dynamic entrepreneurial ecosystem in Tamil Nadu. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Effectiveness of Influencer Marketing Campaigns on Purchase Decision of Apparel Brands: A Study Among Millennial and Gen Z Consumers in India
The present study adopted the descriptive research design exploring the effectiveness of influencer marketing campaigns on the purchase decision processes of the Millennials and Generation Z consumers in India. Every reasonable effort will be made to reach these two, being otherwise alike: Millennials, aged 2642years and Generation Z, aged 1825years, identified by purposive sampling on the basis of their active usage of social media and their shopping for apparel products over the Internet, whether as a result of direct purchase or through influencer recommendations. The total sample size is to be 625 respondents to ensure statistical validity. The data will be collected by means of a structured questionnaire distributed to the targeted consumers across regions in India. The collected data is analysed with the help of the statistical tools Independent Sample t-test, Correlation and Regression. finally this study conclude that there is positive impact of Influencer Attributes (Trustworthiness, Authenticity, Expertise, Popularity) and Campaign Characteristics (Content Quality, Engagement Rates, Platform Choice, Frequency of Post) on consumer purchase decisions. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Gen Z and the Road to Electric Vehicles: Navigating Practical Barriers
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are regarded as a solution to lowering a countrys carbon emissions in numerous countries worldwide. When compared to traditional fueled vehicles, also known as Internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), EVs emit significantly less carbon. Numerous countries including India, are looking to increase EV adoption as part of their plan to curb their overall carbon output. However, transforming a substantial portion of a countrys vehicles to EVs, comes with its own set of challenges in areas like infrastructure required to maintain EVs as well as meeting the increased demand in energy in a sustainable and environment friendly manner. The present study dives into the exploration of perception among Gen Z towards adoption of EVs particularly related to factors such as cost, infrastructure, functionality and environment. The study signifies the importance of functionality features in electric vehicles such as facilities, technological features and benefits in the long run that have significant effect in effecting the perception of Gen Z in adopting electric vehicles. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Beyond Surveys: A Study on Metrics and Tools in Employee Engagement Analytics
In the evolving landscape of employee engagement assessment, this current research explores the shift from conventional survey methods to a dynamic paradigm employing advanced metrics and tools. The study delves into the significance of employee engagement for organizational success and individual well-being, emphasizing the limitations inherent in traditional survey approaches. The current research uses a mixed-methods approach, including a literature review and case studies. The research unveils the transformative potential of advanced analytics, shedding light on recent trends where organizations integrate artificial intelligence, sentiment analysis, and continuous feedback mechanisms to gain a more nuanced understanding of workforce dynamics. The findings highlight the importance for organizations to move beyond static surveys, adapting strategies to the real-time, multifaceted nature of employee engagement for fostering a positive and thriving work environment. This study serves as a practical guide for HR professionals, organizational leaders, and researchers navigating the complexities of modern workplaces, offering insights that bridge theory and implementation in the realm of employee engagement analytics. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Analysing Customer Profile, Expectations and Satisfaction with Airport Retail in Coimbatore, Insights into the Airport Environment and Decision Making Dynamics
Airport retailing has become a crucial income source and a fundamental aspect of improving traveler experiences. Nevertheless, the intricate relationship between traveler characteristics, anticipations, shopping environments, promotional tactics, purchasing choices, and contentment remains insufficiently examined. This research fills this knowledge gap by exploring the structural associations among six key factors: Customer Profile (CP), Customer Expectation (CE), Airport Retailing Environment (ARE), Retail Marketing Strategy (RMS), Customer Preference Decision (CPD), and Customer Satisfaction (CS) in the context of airport retail environments A descriptive study framework was implemented, concentrating on travelers participating in retail purchases at Coimbatore airport. Firsthand information was obtained from 203 participants using a structured survey. The collected information was assessed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to determine the interconnections among these elements and their overall effect on passenger contentment. The findings reveal that Customer Expectation is significantly influenced by Customer Profile, while Airport Retailing Environment is directly shaped by Customer Expectation but not by Customer Profile. Retail Marketing Strategy is strongly impacted by Airport Retailing Environment but shows no significant relationship with Customer Expectation. These findings emphasize the significance of analyzing traveler behavior and tailoring retail strategies to enhance contentment in airport shopping environments. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Herding Behaviour on Investment Decision: Mediating Effects of Risk Tolerance of Generation Z Investors
The study explores whether the financial risk tolerance capacity and herding behaviour affect the Generation Z investors investment decision. A structured questionnaire has been developed, and used with Five-point Likert scaling technique for measuring the constructs in the study. The data was collected through both offline and online mediums from Generation Z individual investors, and the authors have used PLS-SEM technique to examine the data. The study reveals as the herding behaviour influences investors investment decisions. Also, it states the association between herding behaviour and financial risk tolerance capacity be positively associated. In contrast, financial risk tolerance capacity is without any mediating value between herding and their investment decisions. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.