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Toy telephone /
Patent Number: 346943-001, Applicant: Ritwika Das Gupta. -
Tracing Early Enrichment Pathways: Chemical and Chemodynamical Analysis of Two CEMP-no Stars**Based on the data collected from HDS/SUBARU
We present a detailed high-resolution spectroscopic and chemodynamic analysis of two carbon stars, HE 1148?0037 and HE 1246?1344, using SUBARU High Dispersion Spectrograph spectra (R ? 50,000). Our analysis confirms that both stars are extremely metal-poor and belong to the Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor (CEMP)-no class ([C/Fe] > 0.70 and [Ba/Fe] < ?1.0). Both of the stars are found to be group II CEMP-no stars in the A(C) versus [Fe/H] diagram. While both stars exhibit slightly enhanced ?-elements (Ca, Sc), their Mg, Fe-peak, and neutron-capture element abundances show distinct trends, indicating different progenitor pathways. From [O/Fe] and [Sr/Ba] ratios, we identify both metal-poor asymptotic giant branch stars and fast-rotating massive stars as potential progenitors. Further elemental abundance analysis suggests a multienrichment origin for these stars. Kinematic analysis reveals that HE 1148?0037 belongs to the halo, with a spatial velocity of 464.99 14 km s?1. Orbital calculations show that HE 1148?0037 follows a retrograde orbit and is associated with the high-energy retrograde halo, likely a member of the Iitoi substructure. In contrast, HE 1246?1344 follows a prograde orbit and is linked to Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus. 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. -
Tracing Fe K X-Ray Reverberation Lag in the Energy-resolved Spectra of Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxy Ton S180
We report the Fe K relativistic reverberation feature for the first time in the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy Ton S180. Using a long observation from XMM-Newton we find that the Fe K emission lag peaks at 117 49 s in the lag energy spectrum computed for frequencies (0.3-8.5) 10?4 Hz. The lag amplitude drops to 22.85 14.20 s as the frequency increases to (8.5-30) 10?4 Hz. The time-averaged spectrum of the source shows a relatively narrow Fe K line at ?6.4 keV, indicating a low black hole spin ( a = 0 . 4 3 ? 0.14 + 0.10 ) based on the reflection modeling. We perform general relativistic transfer function modeling of the lag energy spectra individually. This provides an independent timing-based measure of the spin at a = 0.3 0 ? 0.17 + 0.34 , a black hole mass M BH = 0.2 9 ? 0.16 + 0.01 1 0 8 M ? , comparable to the previous measurement, and a coronal height h = 2.5 9 ? 0.33 + 5.17 r g . Further, we observe that the Fe K lag and the black hole mass fit well in the linear lag-mass relation shown by other Seyfert 1 galaxies. 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. -
Tracing narcissism in the digital era - A study on the selfie phenomenon /
With the advent of mobile camera technology, there stepped in a new concept of photography popularly known as ‘selfie’. Selfie eliminated all the trouble and embarrassment of requesting others to click the picture of one’s own self. Selfie’s rise in popularity can be primarily attributed to social media sites and platforms where they are shared, liked and commented the most. Sensing selfie’s phenomenal popularity, it was soon commercialized by marketers, one form of it being the introduction of selfie stick. -
Tracing the Evolution of Digital Strategy with AI, Blockchain, Cloud, and Cryptocurrencies
This chapter explores the transformative role of key technologies - artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, cloud computing, and cryptocurrencies - in shaping contemporary digital strategies. It traces the historical evolution of these technologies and highlights their individual and synergistic contributions to business, governance, and society. AI has progressed from theoretical concepts to practical applications across diverse industries, enhancing decision-making, automation, and operational efficiency. Initially conceived for cryptocurrencies, blockchain technology now plays a pivotal role in securing and streamlining finance, healthcare, and supply chain management transactions. Cloud computing has democratized access to advanced technologies, accelerating the integration and scalability of AI and blockchain. Cryptocurrencies, built on blockchain frameworks, are reshaping global financial systems through decentralization and security. The chapter also addresses the challenges and opportunities of technological convergence, including ethical considerations, regulatory challenges, and the strategic need for multidisciplinary collaboration. By analyzing these intersections, this article provides a comprehensive understanding of how AI, blockchain, cloud computing, and cryptocurrencies drive digital strategies' future. 2026 Manjari Sharma, Sharad Gupta. All rights reserved. -
Tracing the impact of social media on social cognition: Bibliometric analysis
The words "misinformation, " "fake news, " and "post-truth" have filled social media posts. It is a serious social threat, especially post COVID-19. In this chapter, the authors provide bibliometric analysis of research on social media and its impact on social cognition. This can be useful for identifying gaps for future research in the field. Publication data was obtained from the Web of Science database using a search algorithm. A total of 22,935 articles were extracted, and 22,909 eligible articles were included for analysis. Document co-citation analysis revealed that themes on social engagement, fake news, problematic social media use, and healthcare emerged as trends on shaping the social cognition through social media. Further, India achieved 9th position on the list based on citations and 8th on centrality and did not appear on any of the top-10 lists based on Burst value and Sigma. This indicates that neither sudden trend-setting articles nor scientific novelty-based articles have been published in this domain thus far. There is a considerable research gap in India to counter misinformation. 2024, IGI Global. -
Tracing the Legal Invisibility and Challenges of Same-Sex Couples in India
Although the Supreme Court's decision in Supriyo v. Union of India (2023) concerning marriage equality rights of same-sex couples has gained public attention, couples continue to face legal invisibility as the Court left the question of legal recognition to parliament. This study examines the legal challenges faced by same-sex couples in India in accessing marriage, family formation, healthcare and housing rights and seeks to understand their lived experiences in the context of limited legal recognition. It highlights how the lack of recognition deepens social vulnerability while also exposing couples to discrimination and, in some cases, abuse. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 25 couples recruited via snowball sampling, and data were thematically analyzed. The findings reveal that the participants continue to face legal blockades in exercising their rights, underscoring the need for urgent legislative reform. 2026 Policy Studies Organization. -
Tracing the outer disk of NGC300: An ultraviolet view
We present an ultra-violet (UV) study of the galaxy NGC300 using GALEX far-UV (FUV) and near-UV (NUV) observations. We studied the nature of UV emission in the galaxy and correlated it with optical, HI and mid-infrared (3.6 ?m) wavelengths. Our study identified extended features in the outer disk, with the UV disk extending up to a radius of 12 kpc (> 2 R25). We estimated the FUV and NUV disk scale-length as 3.05 0.27 kpc and 2.66 0.20 kpc respectively. The scale-length in FUV is 2.3 times larger than that at 3.6 ?m, and we also find the disk to gradually become flatter from longer to shorter wavelengths. We performed a statistical source subtraction to eliminate the background contaminants and identified 261 unresolved UV sources between the radii 5.3 kpc and 10 kpc (1 ? 2 R25). The identified UV sources show an age range between 1300 Myr with a peak at 25 Myr and a mass range between 10 3M? to 10 6M?, estimated using Starburst99 models. The north-eastern spiral arm is found to be populated by young low mass sources suggesting that the star formation in this spiral arm is a recent phenomenon. The UV emission beyond the R25 radius has contribution from these low mass sources and is extended up to ? 2 R25 radius. We conclude that NGC300 has an extended UV disk, mainly populated by young low mass sources. The star formation rate is measured to be ?0.46M?/yr which is comparable to its near optical twin M33. 2019, Indian Academy of Sciences. -
Tracking and Localization of Devices - An IoT Review
S everal IoT applications have immediate impacts on daily lives. The notion of "connected life, which includes IoT has been discussed. Apps that rely on localization are also featured. IoT is originally used to determine the precise position of things, animals, and people. The second tracks everyone and everything that's on the move, including pets, kids, and the elderly people. Localization and tracking are integral parts of security and surveillance systems in interconnected homes. This study reviews the state-of-the-art IoT-based localization and tracking approaches and outlines the key technical aspects, and contrast localization initiatives based on Internet of Things (IoT) with those that do not show how they might be used in a variety of contexts. It is now well established that localization and tracking methods based on the Internet of Things (IoT) are more pervasive and accurate than their predecessors. 2023 IEEE. -
Tracking Greenfield FDI During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis by Sectors
We study the trends and fluctuations in greenfield foreign direct investment (GFDI) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis on a global scale. We analyse the data of a data set of GFDI provided by fDi Markets (Financial Times) to understand the contraction of GFDI during the first three quarters of the year 2020, taking into account the sector of the investment and the host and home country. We analyse both the long-run trends and the quarter-over-quarter changes in GFDI to capture its fluctuations before and during the first wave of the COVID-19 crisis and the 2008 global financial crisis. Our findings cast light on which countries and industries GFDIs were most affected by the pandemic crisis and draw a comparison to the global financial crisis. To our surprise, many services industries have shown unexpected resilience of GFDI due to the flexibility for remote work. On the contrary, GFDI in the manufacturing industries, as well as the extractives and the utility industries, has shown a dramatic decline during the pandemic. These contractions raise questions of stability and resilience of the global supply chains these industries are a part of. JEL Codes: F21. 2021 Indian Institute of Foreign Trade. -
Tracking Sigmoid Regression with Multicollinearity in Phase I: An Approach Incorporating Control Charts
Regression and quality control are two crucial techniques that data analysis employs in improving the decision-making process. We use the sigmoid function to model the connection between independent factors and the dependent variable in sigmoid regression. When there is a significant correlation among the independent variables in a regression model, multicollinearity a statistical phenomenon exists. Multicollinearity presents problems with higher uncertainty when estimating individual coefficients possibly making it harder to identify each variable's distinct contribution to the model. By suggesting a control chart specifically designed for the sigmoid regression model, this research presents a strategy to address the impact of influential observations using regression control charts, by making use of principal component regression class estimators. Principal component regression merges from the principal component analysis and linear regression methodologies, aiming to alleviate multicollinearity issues and enhances the stability of regression models. The performance of the model is evaluated using Pearson's residuals, Deviance residuals, and residuals. This strategy is proven to be useful in real world situations demonstrated through an application in the field of sleep wellness disorder. In conclusion, this study introduces a unique control chart to manage multicollinearity in sigmoid regression, providing a new perspective on the topic to spot differences in the underlying process by highlighting trends in the residuals. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Tracking the transmission channels of fiscal deficit and food inflation linkages: A structural var approach
This empirical analysis aspired to unearth the transmission channels of fiscal deficit and food inflation linkages in the Indian perspective by reasonably exerting the data for 1991 to 2017. The precise results of structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) analysis proffered that there were three different mechanisms of transmission such as consumption, general inflation, and import channels that led to food inflation in response to the high fiscal deficit. The first channel revealed that government deficit spending had a positive impact on income which further led to food inflation through surging the household consumption expenditure. It was concluded that fiscal deficit passed through general inflation finally leading to a food price surge in the economy and seemed to work as cost-push inflation for the food and agricultural industry. The outcome also revealed that the impact of fiscal deficit passed to food inflation through external linkages such as import and export. 2020 The Society of Economics and Development, except certain content provided by third parties. -
Trade in Pollution-intensive Products: Evidence from India
This article explains Indias trade from an environmental perspective. Besides explaining trends and patterns of trade in pollution-intensive products, we investigate Indias comparative advantage in these products and discuss the emerging issues. The exercise based on the UN Comtrade dataset reveals that much of Indias exports happen under this category with better revealed comparative advantage (RCA) values, which do have high environmental concerns. We sum up the article by arguing that there is a need to attend to sector-specific problems encountered by these industries and have a well-knit environmental policy, so that trade and industrial expansion do not have a major environmental concern. 2022 Management Development Institute. -
Trade in renewable energy technologies: A comparison of India and China
[No abstract available] -
Trade Integration and Export Aspiration: Evidence from India's Trade in Goods with BRICS Countries
The purpose of this study was to examine the dynamics of trade between India and the BRICS countries as well as to gauge the relative strength of Indian exports to those nations. The trade integration patterns among BRICS countries were also analyzed. To quantify the extent to which India's exports correspond to the needs of its BRICS counterparts, a novel export aspiration index was constructed. The index of trade integration patterns has also been employed to quantify India's trade integration pattern with other BRICS members. Further, the gravity model of trade has been employed to analyze the fundamentals of India-BRICS trade. The export aspiration in individual BRICS countries shows a diverse pattern. However, India's export aspiration in these countries has improved, although marginally in the long run. Such empirical evidence substantiates that the relative strength of India's exports within its BRICS counterparts has marginally improved over time. Moreover, the trade integration index indicates a similar trade integration pattern among the BRICS countries and corroborates the presence of inter-industry trade. Added to the conventional variables of the gravity model, India's outward multilateral trade resistance and BRICS inward multilateral trade resistance significantly promote India-BRICS trade. Hence, the relative strength of Indian exports will increase substantially if India's commodity composition is diversified by including more commodities in its export baskets that correspond to the needs and changing conditions of the BRICS economies. Copyright 2022 Mudaser Ahad Bhat, Aamir Jamal, Mirza Nazrana Beg. -
Trade vis-vis Human Rights of Farmers Under TRIPS
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) plays a crucial role in shaping the global intellectual property system that significantly impacts farmers' rights. In agriculture, TRIPS grants intellectual property protection in the form of patents and plant variety protection. Such protection conflicts with the farmer's rights to save, sow and exchange the seeds. This raises human rights concerns related to farmers such as access to genetic resources and their cultural rights, food security, livelihood that are enshrined under various international human rights instruments such as International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and Universal Declaration on Human Rights (UDHR). This intersection between TRIPS and the human rights of farmers requires a more inclusive approach that balances human rights with innovation. In light of the above perspective, this chapter analyzes farmers' human rights integration under the domain of intellectual property rights protected under TRIPS. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Trademark Confusion in the Era of Big Data Algorithmic Branding: Consumer Decpetion and Conpetition Law Challenge
This chapter, per the authors, examines how Big Data and AI have transformed trademark deception from sign-based imitation to algorithmically driven perception distortion. It explains how digital platforms collect and analyze massive behavioral datasets to rank, recommend, and position brands in ways that influence consumer belief about origin without copying any mark. Algorithmic practices such as competitor keyword bidding, recommendation bias, and ranking manipulation generate large-scale confusion by shaping what consumers see first and trust most. While global jurisprudence, including the LOrl v. eBay decision, recognizes platform-facilitated deception, Indian law still interprets confusion through traditional frameworks distinguishing infringement of the mark from deception of consumer belief. This chapter, per the authors, argues that AI-mediated market architecture produces deception without infringement, creating evidentiary gaps and competitive distortions that require algorithmic transparency, marketplace accountability, and an updated trademarkcompetition interface Copyright 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global Scientific Publishing is prohibited. Use of this chapter to train generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is expressly prohibited. The publisher reserves all rights to license its use for generative AI training and machine learning model development. -
Traditional and Online Bullying Victimization Among School-going Adolescents: The Role of Sociodemographic Factors
Background: Bullying in school is a vital issue as researchers increasingly find that it can be detrimental to students well-being and academic excellence. From an ecological systems theory perspective, examining school bullying reveals that numerous psychosocial factors influence student behavior. Hence, the present study aims to investigate the role of sociodemographicsat the individual (age, gender), microsystem and mesosystem (grade level, school type), exosystem (region), macrosystem (socioeconomic status), and chronosystem (shift from traditional to virtual classroom during COVID-19) levelsin the victimization of traditional and online bullying. Methods: After obtaining ethical clearance, an online survey form was deployed to collect sociodemographic information and assess traditional and online bullying victimization among 120 school-going adolescents from the Southern regions of India. Results: A linear regression analysis showed age and region (urban and rural) predicting traditional and online victimization, respectively. Other sociodemographic factors of gender, school type, and grade level did not predict either victimization type. Conclusions: Sociodemographic factors play a significant role in the victimization experiences of students both in traditional and online. 2024 The Author(s). -
Traditional beliefs and practices associated with relieving psychological problems of pregnant women of the Zeliang tribe
In Indigenous and resource-limited communities, emotional distress during pregnancy is often understood and managed through culturally grounded belief systems rather than biomedical frameworks. This qualitative study explores how pregnant women of the Zeliang tribe in Benreu village, Nagaland, perceive, interpret, and cope with emotional distress using traditional beliefs and practices. Guided by community psychology, cultural safety frameworks, and Lazarus and Folkmans Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten pregnant women and two traditional healers. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Three interconnected themes were generated. First, emotional vulnerability and cultural conceptions of pregnancy revealed that fear, sadness, and emotional instability were interpreted through spiritual and ancestral meanings rather than psychiatric categories. Second, healing practices as emotional regulation tools illustrated how ritual chanting, fumigation, protective threads, and herbal remedies functioned as embodied coping mechanisms supported by intergenerational kin networks. Third, traditional healers roles in psychosocial support highlighted their function as trusted interpreters of distress who provide narrative explanation, reassurance, and culturally congruent guidance. Participants also described a complementary care pathway in which biomedical services were used for physical monitoring while emotional and spiritual concerns were addressed through traditional systems. The findings indicate that traditional healing within the Zeliang community operates as a culturally embedded model of perinatal emotional care integrating spiritual, relational, and symbolic dimensions of well-being. The study underscores the importance of culturally safe maternal mental health approaches that respect Indigenous explanatory systems and encourage collaboration between biomedical providers and community-based healing structures. The Author(s) 2026. -
Traditional Ecological Knowledge Repository in the Indian Himalayas: An Overview
Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) refers to a body of informa-tion that is also referred to as local knowledge, traditional knowledge, native knowledge, and indigenous technological knowledge. A number of studies show the role of traditional ecological knowledge in decision-making in social-ecological systems that support sustainability and resilience. International agencies have also highlighted and emphasised the importance of TEK practises in the preservation of biological variation. For instance, the UN Convention on Biodiversity, Article 8 (j), makes it very plain that respect, maintain, and promote innovation and practises of indigenous and aboriginal populations connected with sustainable use of biolog-ical diversity are essential. The benefits of TEK for sustainable forest management were acknowledged in the 2005 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Report by the World Bank. As environmentalists, anthropologists, and arborists share interests in TEK for academic, social, or economic reasons, this highlights the significance of TEK in difficulties relating to biodiversity protection. Numerous components of TEK are seen favourably by experts in fields of forestry, irrigation, architecture, ethno-biology, irrigation, agriculture, medicine, sun and water conservation, conventional weather prediction, adaptation to climate change, and disaster risk reduction. Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) is predominantly populated by indigenous peoples and local societies, which are quite diverse in terms of socio-culture and race. The region has nearly 40% of all of Indias indigenous tribes. This area is also special for its tradi-tional ecological knowledge. Many of the TEK-based practices have supported local communities in earning a livelihood. The indigenous peoples expertise and expe-riences are said to play a crucial part in preventing climate change, and they may give important information on the implications of climate change. Hence, sustaining biodiversity in the IHR is also a means of defending indigenous peoples rights. By making the TEK the focal point of governance systems at the IHR, the variety of options for sustainable growth and even the co-production of the body of knowl-edge would be expanded. Therefore, it seems sensible to get knowledge from the TEK before it is lost to the onslaught of modernity. However, there are numerous problems or issues with traditional ecological knowledge in India, including igno-rance in considering conservation policies by the Indian government and the lack of effective documentation of this priceless knowledge. To develop sustainable and culturally suitable management techniques, it is currently a challenge to combine indigenous knowledge standards and management methods with Western science. Realising the above, this chapter attempts to comprehend the concept of TEK and its application throughout a variety of resource management contexts throughout a variety of resource management scenarios. Further, it will explore various issues and challenges and examine the regulations thereof. Lastly, this chapter concludes by highlighting the strategies and suggestions for an effective repository of traditional ecological knowledge in the Indian Himalayan Region. 2024 The Author(s).