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Water is life and death: Symbolic representation in all customs and rituals in India
For the Koch, Koch Rajbongshi, and Rajbanshi people of India, water is central to their culture. They share river music and ancestry. They lost their language in 1931 and split into three or more clans due to flood relocation. They also introduced food, the river, the sun, the moon, the bamboo tree, and cactus plant worship to the highlands. The parent group was identified as tribal in the 1931 census. Still, the Indian government could not grant Koch, Koch Rajbongshi, and Rajbanshi scheduled tribe status for Assam and conserve their culture, traditions, and language. Indian scientists are trying to solve Assam's centuries-old flood issues, which are worsening. The new Indian water framework must treat water access and value of water resources as essentially good and human rights issues. India must review its Assam flood failures and compensate locals. Assam needs political, social, economic, and administrative procedures to develop and manage water resources and offer services at different societal levels. 2023 Policy Studies Organization. -
Water dispute in Central Asia: Conflict potential
The Central Asian republics (CARs), which emerged as independent states in the post-Soviet phase, faced several challenges. During the Soviet era, the CARs were agriculturally oriented towards the Soviet economy and, accordingly, river water management was also centralized under the command economic model. However, with the collapse of the Soviet Union, the CARs had to review the existing water management arrangements. This is where the absence of a Moscow-centric central authority has proven detrimental to the region endowed with two major rivers and their several subsidiaries. In this context, the paper suggests an emphasis on multilateralism, rather than bilateralism, as a more feasible approach to river water management. Clearly, multilateralism would promote a more equitable solution compared to bilateralism, which does not adopt a holistic approach to the region. Considering the fact that the region is characterized by a water crisis in addition to the fragility of the environment makes a multilateral arrangement significantly more appropriate for the region in the long term. 2019, CA and C Press AB. All rights reserved. -
Water Demand Prediction Using Support Vector Machine Regression
Water is a critical resource for sustainable economic and social development of a country. To maintain health hygiene, energy agricultural products, and the environment management water plays a key role. Water demand prediction is essential to analyze the requirement that indicate emergency state for water management decisions. This paper explores the water usage data for dairy plants to understand the spatial and temporal patterns for future water requirements, to optimize the water demand estimation. It uses concept of Machine learning algorithms to compare and achieve an effective and reliable system for water prediction. 2019 IEEE. -
Wastewater treatment using chitosan and its derivatives: A mini review on latest developments
Effluents and contaminants released from the industries are needed to be treated before releasing them to water bodies. Most common effluents from these industrial wastes are organic compounds, dyes and heavy metals. Heavy metals and their associated anions, as well as organic material, have been separated from wastewaters in industries using a variety of methods. Adsorption is an effective method for water treatment as they are less energy consuming and cost effective. Biopolymers such as chitosan, cellulose, keratin are used for the process of adsorption as they are present abundantly and recyclable. Chitosan is a deacetylated product of chitin. Chitosan and its derivatives are extremely essential due to their abundant availability, low cost, environmental friendliness, and biodegradability and can be widely applied in wastewater treatment.-NH2 and-OH groups are present in chitosan and provide chitosan an opportunity to make physical and chemical modifications. Modifications of chitosan into hydrogels and nanocomposites provide wider applications in wastewater treatment. 2022, Horticulture and Forestry Society from Transylvania. All rights reserved. -
Waste Management: Learning and Challenges from a Case Study of a University Model in India
Christ University (CU) has implemented an integral and sustainable waste-management system for better environmental impacts on its five campuses in India. The university has well established zero-waste campaigns. The waste-management model is introduced at CU campuses with multiple purposes: 1) for a cleaner environment on the campus, 2) to create an educational impact on students on waste management, 3) to initiate a movement towards a zero-waste society in India and 4) to employ people living around its campuses. The Christ University waste-management model is done through three different segments/wings: 1) solid waste management, 2) wet waste management and 3) wastewater management. The amount of waste recycled for each year is measured, and the processes are documented. The model is a replicable, sustainable and socially impactful model for managing waste on university campuses for more significant societal impacts. 2024 CRC Press. -
Waste Management for Waste Entrepreneurship: An Emerging Concept
Since the very beginning of civilization, waste has always been an incessant problem and their management remains burdensome till date, as the rate of waste generation is increasing with the increase in population, land use and development of economy. Waste is generally considered as an unavoidable trash/nuisance with zero value and concerns which can be overruled by the waste management system. It is a well-organized holistic expensive process that includes segregation at sources, on-time collection, transportation, reuse, recycle, reprocess and disposal of the leftover materials into the landfills, which usually receives inadequate attention as public get easily acclimatized to live along with the generated wastes. Managing waste in an environmentally favorable, culturally acceptable and techno-economically feasible manner is a need in recent times. Society is in a need to think of ways to minimize and utilize waste for other uses. Understanding waste management in terms of its challenges involves knowledge dissemination to the public, waste prevention, valorization, responsible material production and packaging, maximum recycling, conservation of resources, enhancement of sustainability and reduction of greenhouse gasses. Opportunities in waste management could be achieved by exercising circular economy practices which reinforce environmental, societal and economic benefits. Role of entrepreneurs in the waste management system encompasses a cluster of skilled as well as unskilled workers, as it is a labor-intensive system. Entrepreneurs may invest money as well as infuse novel skills and technologies to transform trash into treasures. The efficacy and significance of waste management will eventually increase with the active participation of entrepreneurs. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Waste elimination to porous carbonaceous materials for the application of electrochemical sensors: Recent developments
World is expected to face a big disaster from waste materials generated as a result of the ever-growing industrialization. Recent developments in the area of biomass-derived materials and valuable products has attracted many into its diverse applications. Biomass-derived porous carbonaceous materials are highly recommended for the development of electrochemical sensors due to their unique features like cost-effectiveness, distinctive structure, sustainability, and regenerative nature. The electrochemical and catalytic activity of the sensor differ based on their surface morphology specifically surface area, pore-volume, and pore size. Various techniques like activation, doping, and dispersion of metal nanoparticles are efficient in enhancing the performance of sensors. Some of the essential or seminal developments in the area of biomass-derived carbonaceous materials for detecting diverse target analytes like pharmaceutical drugs, metal ions, biomolecules, food additives, pollutants, and flavonoids are reviewed. 2020 Elsevier Ltd -
War Strategy Optimization for Optimal Integration of Public Fast Charging Stations in Radial Feeders
In light of rising pollution and global warming, there is need for raising the acceptance rate of electric vehicles (EVs) across the globe for sustainable and clean transportation. However, low-voltage electrical distribution networks (EDN) are necessary to provide the electrical power needed to charge the EV batteries. Due to their radial construction and high r/x ration branches; these networks typically suffer from significant energy losses, inadequate voltage profiles, and low stability margins. Therefore, the performance of EDNs shouldnt be further compromised by the incorporation of EV charging stations. In light of this, this work presents a unique heuristic war strategy optimization (WSO) for integrating fast charging stations (FCS) as efficiently as possible utilizing the voltage stability index (VSI). The effect of equivalent EV load penetration in EDS is initially evaluated in terms of loss, voltage profile, and voltage stability for a certain number of EVs. Simulations are executed for IEEE 15-bus system for three different scenarios. The technological advantages seen in the simulations illustrate the efficiency of the suggested technique for real-time adaptation. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
Wall jet nanofluid flow with thermal energy and radiation in the presence of power-law
The effectiveness of jet flow in the energy transfer process has made it very useful in industrial applications. These flows also have higher heat transfer coefficients than traditional cooling through convection. The appliances inclusive of the jet make effective use of fluid and enhance the heat transfer rate. The contemporary article investigates the jet flow of power-law nanofluid past a moving wall. The nanofluid is formed by suspending Cu and Al2O3 nanoparticles in water. Furthermore, the jet flow is analyzed in the presence of radiation, which is further assumed to be linear, and the application of Rosseland approximation is considered to be valid. Considering these aspects, the model is designed using partial differential equations (PDE), which are then converted to a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODE) by implementing certain similarity transformations. Thus, the obtained system is solved using numerical methods, and the results are discussed with the help of graphs. The significant conclusions of the analysis were that the increase in the radiation parameter contributed to the increase in the temperature of the nanofluid. The increase in the Prandtl number reported a decrease in the amount of heat absorbed by the nanofluid. 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Walking an extra mile: Determinants of organizational citizenship behaviorAn exploratory study in faith-based organizations
Objective: Our study is intended to explore the factors that promote organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) in faith-based organizations, which has the potential to extend the scholarly conversation around a previously unexplored context. Methods: Our study used a purposive, homogeneous sampling technique in selecting the participants. We interviewed 30 employees who have at least 5 years of experience in faith-based organizations. We conducted detailed interviews and subsequent analysis involved a rigorous six-step thematic analysis process to better understand the phenomena being studied. Results: Our study revealed the significance of OCB in faith-based organizations and further elucidated those factors that determine the display of OCBs. Our findings have the power to enhance the existing comprehension of OCBs in different environments, specifically those present in faith-based organizations. Our study broadens our conceptual understanding of OCB in faith-based organizations by adding one more dimension to the existing framework of P. MPodsakoff etal. (1990). Conclusion: Our findings have important implications for organizational scholars in faith-based organizations. Our new conceptual framework offers insights into the distinct characteristics of OCBs in faith-based organizations and suggests directions for future scholars to engage with OCBs from different contexts. 2024 by the Southwestern Social Science Association. -
Wage Rate: Is this Return to Education or Return to Physical Capability? Evidence from Rural India
This paper estimates the wage function for daily labor market participants inSemi-Arid Tropics of rural India within a traditional agrarian framework. Village level data on 18 villages for 20092010 and 20122013 have been used for this study. Three-years balanced panel estimation has also been conducted to test the time invariance of the findings from the cross-sectional study. A modified Mincerian earning equation is estimated for different types of workersregressing upon a set of human capital measures, socioeconomic factors and, demand influences after correcting for potential sample selection bias. The study finds differential impacts of education and physical ability to determine wages for male and female workers. It reveals the greater importance of education in explaining wages of male laborers while for females, nutritional status playing a significant role than education in wage determination process. Among the other factors, drought worksas a major exogenous shock and hence impacts wages badly. Working in the non-farm sector has a significant impact on wages.Also, thewageparticipation relationship has found more operativein the lower section of the society. 2020, Indian Society of Labour Economics. -
Vulnerability of urban ecology of Bangalore: An examination of its contention with the politics of land administration
Through a critical examination of questions on the politics of land tenures, the study brings out two interpretations on the conflicts of land and water governance: (1), the concerted efforts and the physical processes of scaling the water terrain in parallel to the political missions of administering the land; and (2), how the scalar rearrangements of land at a local scale intersect with water, revealing the new structuration of land fragmentation and water. It demonstrates that the State has been instrumental in the process of the scalar deterioration of the urban wetlands in Bangalore since 1873. The comprehensive study of these political realignments of land and water, using the data from the Records of Rights obtained from the land revenue records of the Office of the Land Survey Settlement and Records Department under the Government of Karnataka, reveals the vulnerability of urban ecology as a corollary to land administration. Pieter Van den Broeck, Asiya Sadiq, Ide Hiergens, Monica Quintana Molina, Han Verschure and Frank Moulaert 2020. -
Volunteering-based student engagement: A model for student well-being in higher education institutions
Student well-being issues are rising alarmingly, and addressing these well-being concerns takes the predominant focus of higher education institutions, together with competency building. Understanding the importance of student engagement in student well-being, Christ University, Bengaluru, India, adopted a student engagement model based on volunteering. The current paper tries to understand the dynamics between volunteering and student well-being. It explores the relationship between volunteering and personal responsibility, social responsibility, meaning in life, and a helping attitude. It also tries to check whether the relationship between a helping attitude and student well-being is mediated by personal responsibility and social responsibility. Further, it explores whether volunteers and non-volunteers differ in their social responsibility, personal responsibility, and student well-being. A group of 350 students, of which 175 volunteers and 175 non-volunteers, were approached to participate in the study. Post data cleaning procedure, 327 data points qualified for analysis, and it was found that there exists a relationship between volunteering and personal responsibility, social responsibility and helping attitude, and personal responsibility and social responsibility mediated the relationship between helping attitude and student well-being. Results also revealed that volunteers and nonvolunteers differed in their helping attitude, personal responsibility, and student well-being. These findings point towards the fact that the student engagement model based on volunteering has a positive impact on student well-being. A detailed discussion of the application of these findings is provided in the full paper. 2024 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. -
Voluntary cybersecurity risk disclosures and firms characteristics: the moderating role of the knowledge-intensive industry
Purpose: This study examines voluntary cybersecurity risk disclosures (VCRD) by listed Indian companies. It also investigates how it relates to firm-specific characteristics such as size, leverage, profitability, liquidity, beta, market growth and industry. Design/methodology/approach: The extent of VCRD was measured by assessing the cumulative occurrence of cybersecurity risk keywords in the annual report of 100 listed Indian non-financial companies. Keyword extraction and occurrence counts were performed using Python software. A multiple regression analysis was applied to predict the characteristics of VCRD. Findings: The results showed that the theoretical frameworks underpinned by agency and signalling theories continued to provide a valid explanation of VCRD by Indian companies. Specifically, the findings emphasized the importance of firm size, leverage, and beta as significant VCRD determinants. Additionally, the study found that knowledge-intensive industries had a favourable impact on the extent of VCRD. Research limitations/implications: This study is relevant because it informs company management, regulators and investors about the nature and characteristics of companies that satisfy stakeholder demands to prevent cyber breaches. Originality/value: Understanding disclosure characteristics is crucial from policy and regulatory perspectives. Studies on cybersecurity disclosures are related to developed economies such as the United States of America and Canada. This is the first study to explore this issue in a developing nation, in general, and in India, in particular, where cybersecurity risk disclosure has yet to be recognized. 2025, Harmandeep Singh. -
Voltage stability analysis using L-index under various transformer tap changer settings
Voltage stability is a major problem in power system which depended on many factors like improper load forecasting, generator outage, line fault and shortage of reactive power supply etc. For a secure and economic power system operation voltage stability should be maintained within permissible limit. Voltage stability is a measure of whole power system quality. Voltage stability studies can done by analyzing reactive power production, transmission of power and consumption. In this paper voltage stability analysis of an IEEE 14 bus system is done by calculating L-index of the buses. From load flow studies optimized voltage is chosen, and by using these voltage values L-index is calculated. From the calculated L-index values we can find out vulnerable buses. How the transformer tap changing effect the voltage stability is also calculated here. 2016 IEEE. -
Voltage stability analyis of radial distribution systems by considering load models
Generally, the distribution systems have served for different types of loads like commercial, industrial, residential, agriculture and municipality etc. and diverse changes in consumption pattern occur at any part of the network at any time of the day. During light loading condition, the voltage profile can increase and vice versa for peak loading condition. Under these circumstances, it is worthwhile to understand the voltage stability for planning of any Volt/VAr controls. This paper has presented the voltage stability analysis of 12-bus and 85-bus standard radial distribution systems using line stability index. Different load models have been taken and under each model, the system performance as well as its stability discussed. The focal points are suitable for planning studies like Volt/VAr controls, optimal location of Distribution Generation (DG) or load shedding etc. 2018 IEEE. -
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Volatility Spillover Effects in Cryptocurrencies
Cryptocurrencies' growing use has increased investors and decision- makers interest. Cryptocurrencies' volatility and how it impacts others is most intriguing. Arguments include speculative pressures, valuation uncertainty, and lack of regulation. These traits cannot fully explain cryptocurrency volatility and volatility spillovers, suggesting other relevant factors. In this study, currency volatility and spillovers, as well as their relationship with the sentiment of global investors, were investigated. The study analysed 22 cryptocurrencies from 01/01/2018 to 31/12/2022. The study used FIGARCH and FIEGARCH, a GARCH family model to analyse the long-memory and leverage effects on cryptocurrency volatility, the ADCC-GARCH framework, and the Diebold-Yilmaz spillover index to analyse cryptocurrency volatility spillovers. The long-memory and leverage impacts on bitcoin volatility were analysed using the FIGARCH and FIEGARCH models from the GARCH family. Both the Chow-test and the Pai-Berron Test found structural breaks in the cryptocurrencies. Cryptocurrencies such as Adacordono, Aertinity, ARK, BAT, BCH, BNT, BTC, Dogecoin, Ethereum, Funtoken, ICON, KMD, KNC, NEO, PIVX, QTUM, SNT, TRX, ZCASH, have positive (difference) FIGARCH coefficient values. It indicates a long memory in currencies, and volatility shocks affect future volatility. On the other hand, the FIGARCH coefficient of BTG cryptocurrency (difference) is negative (-0.035), which suggests that the individual has a short memory. In this scenario, the effects of volatility shocks are only temporary. When extreme volatility is promptly followed by low volatility or vice versa, this indicates anti- persistence. The study also found that both positive and negative news has a significant impact on the volatility of specific cryptocurrencies such as BCH (0.015), BNT (0.0016), BTG (0.01972), DOGE (0.2296), EOS (0.0112), KNC (0.0366), PIVX (0.0021), TRX (0.0013), Adacordono (- 0.027), Aertinity (-0.0393), ARK (-0.0377), BAT (-0.028058), and BTC (-0.0665). Ethereum has the largest spillover (4.09), followed by QTUM (4.06), EOS (4.05), Adacordono (4.05), and Dogecoin (2.4). All cryptocurrencies show fundamental instabilities (P-values less than 0.05). Hence the alternative hypothesis is accepted, and the null hypothesis is rejected. The hill estimator tail index value is ? > 0, fat tail or heavy tail; high chance of catastrophic event which is observed in all the 22 cryptocurrencies. Both investors and speculators can use sentiment analysis to forecast market volatility and generate gains. Policymakers can also utilize this information to establish laws that reduce market volatility. As a result, the study contributes to the ongoing discussion on the factors that cause bitcoin's volatility.3 -
Volatility in Indian stock markets during COVID-19: An analysis of equity investment strategies
The aim of the paper is to evaluate the impact of novel COVID-19 on the returns and volatility of Indian stock markets with special reference to equity investment strategies of the Bombay Stock Exchange. For the purpose of evaluating the impact, the study has applied GARCH. The research has considered a time frame from March 2015 to January 2021. Prior to implementing GARCH model, pre-estimation tests (i.e., augmented Dickey-Fuller and ARCH-Lagrange multiplier) were conducted. Outcomes clearly indicate that the returns during the crisis for all the strategy indices have been negative, which means that the COVID-19 outbreak resulted in massive losses. Additionally, 'during crisis' period showed an increase in volatility for all the strategy indices depicting that the pandemic has a long-lasting effect and will take time to fade off. This research will help the investors in the investment decision process by giving them insights about the different strategies. 2021. -
Volatility Clustering in Nifty Energy Index Using GARCH Model
Volatility has become increasingly important in derivative pricing and hedging, risk management, and portfolio optimisation. Understanding and forecasting volatility is an important and difficult field of finance research. According to empirical findings, stock market returns demonstrate time variable volatility with a clustering effect. Hence, there is a need to determine the volatility in Indian stock market. The authors use Nifty Energy data to analyse volatility since the Nifty Energy data can to be used to estimate the behaviour and performance of companies that represents petroleum, gas, and power sector. The results reflect that Indian stock market has high volatility clustering. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.