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Access to Justice Through Law Schools Legal AID Activities in India : An Empirical Study with Special Reference to Kerala
The provision of legal services is a fundamental human right and is integral to the maintenance of the rule of law. Ensuring Justice and the rule of law are unique sustainable development goals in the 2030 Agenda. Law school clinics provide a novel way to reach SDG-16. The legal aid system has been influenced by both international and national legislation, which has contributed to the establishment of its framework. The judiciary plays a pivotal role in ensuring the provision of free legal assistance to indigent people. Access to formal and informal justice institutions must be improved so that people can seek and get justice. Law school clinics provide potential and challenges as informal justice nstitutions, yet they are mostly ignored. Under CLE, law schools LACs engage in a variety of legal aid initiatives. Through this, students acquire professional skills while clients get legal services. That is the beauty of law school LACs. In the end, this "laboratory of lawyering" helps individuals find justice. In the Indian context, this thesis answered three research questions. 1) How do the legal aid programmes undertaken by law schools clinics promote SDG-16 and improve access to justice? 2) What are the current practices being undertaken by law schools LACs to guarantee access to justice? 3) What are the shortcomings that law schools LACs face in delivering appropriate legal services in Kerala? Two methodologies were used in answering these three questions: the doctrinal method for the first two research questions and the empirical method for the third. The doctrinal study examines the operation of LACs in general. The purpose of this empirical research on law school clinics in Kerala is to investigate the numerous legal aid activities and barriers to law school clinic operations in Kerala. No meticulous study was conducted in Kerala to evaluate how law schools LACs worked. National and international law school clinics' best practises and case studies were incorporated. The study examined the relationship between BCI, NALSA, SLSAs as well as CLE requirements along with law school performance. The LACs' commitment will be assessed based on their legal aid operations pre- and post-Covid-19, including legal representation, legal awareness, legal advice, paralegal services, PIL and ADR services to beneficiaries, and the effective implementation of BCI and NALSA's CLE requirements. This study explores the relationship between dependent and independent variables, such as how the improper implementation of BCI and NALSA regulations on CLE hindered law school LACs' commitments. The prevailing policy has restricted law school LACs' activity and is not enough to achieve access to justice (ATJ). Due to multiple factors, law school LACs failed to ensure effective service learning and did not reach the needy. This gap in the current CLE and its insufficient attention to promoting access to justice have been addressed. The empirical investigation demonstrates that while the number of law schools increased, legal aid activities decreased during the past decade. Current legal aid practices of law school LACs in Kerala are unsatisfactory and inconsistent in providing access to justice. BCI and LSAs ineffective control over LACs in law schools has contributed to a decline in legal aid activities and services. BCI and NALSA must reform their CLE rules and establish mandatory legal services to foster inclusive and effective LACs that give meaningful justice to the disadvantaged. -
2--Intercalated NiCo-Layered Double Hydroxide Nanospikes: An Efficiently Synergized Material for Urine to Direct H2 Generation
Substituting the energy-uphill water oxidation half-cell with readily oxidizable urea-rich urine, a ground-breaking bridge is constructed, combining the energy-efficient hydrogen generation and environmental protection. Hence, designing a robust multifunctional electrocatalyst is desirable for widespread implementation of this waste to fuel technology. In this context, here, we report a simple tuning of the electrocatalytically favorable characteristics of NiCo-layered double hydroxide by introducing [MoS4]2- in its interlayer space. The [MoS4]2- insertion as well as its effect on the electronic structure tuning is thoroughly studied via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in combination with electrochemical analysis. This insertion induces overall electronic structure tuning of the hydroxide layer in such a way that the designed catalyst exhibited favorable kinetics toward all the required reactions of hydrogen generation. This is why our homemade catalyst, when utilized both as a cathode and anode to fabricate a urea electrolyzer, required a mere .37 V cell potential to generate sufficient H2 by reaching the benchmark 10 mA cm-2 in 1 M KOH/0.33 M urea along with long-lasting catalytic efficiency. Other indispensable reason of selecting [MoS4]2- is its high-valent nature making the catalyst highly selective and insensitive to common catalyst-poisoning toxins of urine. This is experimentally supported by performing the real urine electrolysis, where the nanospike-covered Ni foam-based catalyst showed a performance similar to that of synthetic urea, offering its industrial value. Other intuition of selecting [MoS4]2- was to provide a ligand-based mechanism for hydrogen evolution half-cell [hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)] to preclude the HER-competing oxygen reduction. Another crucial point of our work is its potential to avoid the mixing of two explosive product gases, that is, H2 and O2. 2019 American Chemical Society. -
Influence of Surfactant on the Phase Transformation of Bi 2 O 3 and its Photocatalytic Activity
Bismuth oxide with its unique narrow bandgap has gained significant attention in the field of photocatalysis. A new and efficient method to synthesise bismuth oxide with tuneable properties is proposed herein. A surfactant assisted modified sol-gel method is used to synthesise bismuth oxide with excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Rhodamine B dye. Three different surfactants, namely polyethylene glycol-400, sodium lauryl sulfate, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) have been used. The fabricated bismuth oxide nanoparticles were characterised by X-ray diffraction, IR, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy analysis. Evolution of both the ? and ? crystalline phases of bismuth oxide was observed. The bandgap of the synthesised bismuth oxides ranges from 2.03 to 2.37 eV. The CTAB assisted synthesised bismuth oxide with a bandgap of 2.19 eV showed the highest photocatalytic activity of 93.6 % under visible light for the degradation of Rhodamine B. This bismuth oxide based catalyst opens a new avenue for efficient photocatalysis for environmental remediation. 2019 CSIRO. -
Investigation on the phase transformation and lattice parameters of Sn 2+ , Cu 2+ , La 3+ and Ce 4+ ions doped titania: characterization and solar light activity study
Nanocrystalline titania and metal ion doped titania systems were prepared by combustion method. Titania exhibited bicrystalline phase consisting of both anatase and rutile. The bicrystalline framework in TiO 2 powders can be conveniently altered by the incorporation of various bivalent/trivalent/tetravalent metal ions like Sn 2+ , Cu 2+ , La 3+ and Ce 4+ . The microstructure development and the influence of small amount of dopants on the resulting structural change have been investigated. p-XRD results confirms the stabilization of anatase phase in the case of Cu 2+ and Sn 2+ doped titania, while the polymorphic interfaces were retained in La 3+ and Ce 4+ doped titania samples. The efficacy of the modified titania was studied on the degradation of Congo Red dye by harvesting solar light. Sn 2+ /TiO 2 shows almost same photodegradation ability as that of pristine TiO 2. Subsistence of catalytic hot spots at the interface of anatase-rutile and the synergistic effect of polymorphic phases explains the enhanced activity of La 3+ /TiO 2 and Ce 4+ /TiO 2 . But the activity of Cu 2+ /TiO 2 was found to be less due to high electron-hole recombination rate. 2019 Elsevier GmbH -
Trace level determination of Hg 2+ ions in environmental samples with a mercaptotriazole-functionalized TiO 2 nanostructure-based fluorescent probe
A highly selective and sensitive fluorescent probe for the determination of Hg 2+ ions is reported using substituted mercaptotriazole functionalized TiO 2 nanoparticles (MMT@TiO 2 ). The functionalized TiO 2 nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometric, spectrofluorometric, FT-IR, FT-Raman, XPS, TEM, SEM, EDAX and P-XRD analyses. The interaction of Hg 2+ ions with functionalized MMT@TiO 2 induced aggregation of nanoparticles causing chelation enhanced fluorescence. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation for the determination of Hg 2+ ions were found to be 2.18 10 -10 M and 6.61 10 -10 M, respectively. The method developed was successfully applied for the determination of Hg 2+ ions in environmental samples. 2019 The Royal Society of Chemistry. -
In silico Analysis of Stigmasterol from Saraca asoca as a Potential Therapeutic Drug Against Alzheimers Disease
Improvements and advances in health care over the past few decades have increased life expectancy and quality of life. However, this has resulted in an increase in non-communicable diseases like dementia, Alzheimers Disease (AD), etc. AD most commonly affects the older population, but recent studies reveal that it can also affect people of any age group. As of now, there are no accessible treatments or therapies that reverse the progression of the disease. The few existing medications to treat AD include Donepezil (Aricept), Galantamine (Razadyne) and Rivastigmine (Exelon) provide only temporary relief and come with several side effects like diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea, fatigue, insomnia, loss of appetite, and weight loss. An effective and augmenting therapy with Cholinesterase inhibitors from natural products is gaining popularity among researchers. Plant sterols have been known to play roles in inhibiting proteins implicated in the development of AD. The present study highlights the significance and scope of Stigmasterol, a phytochemical in Saraca asoca in the alleviation of AD. Our study involving the use of QSAR, ADME, molecular interaction, and molecular docking has shown that Stigmasterol has the potential to be developed as a therapeutic drug to curb the progression of AD after thorough validation procedures. 2021 Har Krishan Bhalla & Sons. -
In-silico validation of novel therapeutic activities of withaferin a using molecular docking and dynamics studies
Withaferin A is a bioactive molecule of W. somnifera. We access its efficacy against various target proteins associated with Cancer, Type-II Diabetes and hypercholesterolemia using molecular docking. Although its efficacy against some of these targets have been reported earlier, we validate each mechanism in order to report the most appropriate mechanism of action. We explain the anti-cancer activity of Withaferin A by inhibition of Mortalin (mtHsp70) and Nrf2 protein with binding energies ?8.85 kcal/mol and ?12.59 kcal/mol respectively. Similarly, the anti-diabetic activity could be explained by inhibition of alpha and bet?-glucosidase with binding energies ?6.44 and ?4.43 kcal/mol respectively and the cholesterol reduction could be explained by its ability to inhibition of NPC1 and SRB1 with binding energies ?5.73 and ?7.16 kcal/mol respectively. The molecular dynamics of the apoprotein and the protein-ligand complex simulated for the best targets of each activity namely Nrf2 protein for anti-cancer, ?-glucosidase for anti-diabetic and SR-B1 for anti-hypercholesterolemia activity indicated the formation of stable complexes due to low RMSD deviations, low RMSF fluctuations and low RG values after the docking simulation. Finally, an ADME + T (Adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) prediction on Withaferin A showed that it obeyed all the Lipinskys rules and qualified the drug-like criteria. All these results validate that Withaferin A possess potential anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and cholesterol reducing properties. This is the first report that indicates the possibility of Withaferin A binding and inhibiting SR-B1 as a mechanism of its anti-hypercholesterolemia activity. 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
7Li Photodisintegration withCircularly Polarized Photons
The study of photodisintegration of 7Li is of importance to Nuclear Physics, Particle Physics and Astrophysics. Primordial abundances of light elements such as D, 3He, 4He and 7Li are predicted by Big Bang theory of early universe and is of great interest to cosmologists. Lithium, being fragile gets destroyed easily at relatively low temperatures. WMAP measurements have inferred that 7Li abundance is two to three times more than that inferred by the low metallicity halo stars [1]. In recent years based on lithium isotopes series of experimental measurements are being carried out using High-Intensity Gamma-Ray Source (HIGS) at Duke Free Electron Laser Laboratory. Experiments [2, 3] were carried out, to measure the differential cross-section of the photoneutron reaction channel in photodisintegration of 7Li, where the progeny nuclei is in the ground state as well as in excited states. Theoretical study on photodisintegration of deuteron was carried out using a model-independent formalism [47] and in these studies, it was shown clearly that there could be 3 different E1? amplitudes leading to final relative n-p state. Subsequently, evidence for the existence of these three amplitudes was found in experimental studies [6] at slightly higher energies in different contexts. Using the same approach, model-independent formalism was developed for photodisintegration of 7Li [8] and an analysis was carried out to study the differential cross section with linearly polarized photons. Extending this study we propose to discuss the reaction channel 7Li+??6Li+n with initially circularly polarized photons. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
A study of interrelation of psychological factors and demographic variables and its impact on compulsive buying behavior: A marketing perspective /
Journal of Business And Retail Management Research, Vol.13, Issue 3, pp.58-69, ISSN No: 1751-8202. -
A study on the politics of representation in the popular web series 'Permanent roommates' /
The television has been one of the most sought after modes of entertainment for audiences in India for a long time now. Programs aired on television channels mostly known as 'serials' generally have been accepted as the general form of entertainment thanks to this over the top content and storylines. A rapid growth in the technological sector has given viewers access to a whole new array of a great variety of entertainment programmes. -
Analysis of multimode oscillations caused by subsynchronous resonance on generator shaft /
European Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol.20, Issue 4, pp.455-468 -
Biometrically activated self defense device for women safety /
Patent Number: 20194103621, Applicant: Dr. Debabrata Samanta.
The present invention is related to biometrically activated self-defense device for women safety. The wearable personal self-defense and altering device, comprises a biometric unit, and portable source of electrical energy, an electric discharge unit and a processing unit configured to connect a mobile computing device. -
Imperative of revisiting the operational risk control architecture in public sector banks (PSBs) in India: A qualitative analysis /
Banks And Bank Systems, Vol.14, Issue 14, Part 1, pp.137-146 -
K? to K? X-ray intensity ratios and K to L shell vacancy transfer probabilities of Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn
The K to L shell total vacancy transfer probabilities of low Z elements Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn are estimated by measuring the K? to K? intensity ratio adopting the 2?-geometry. The target elements were excited by 32.86 keV barium K-shell X-rays from a weak 137Cs ?-ray source. The emitted K-shell X-rays were detected using a low energy HPGe X-ray detector coupled to a 16 k MCA. The measured intensity ratios and the total vacancy transfer probabilities are compared with theoretical results and others work, establishing a good agreement. 2015, Pleiades Publishing, Inc. -
Multifractal analysis of volatility for detection of herding and bubble: evidence from CNX Nifty HFT /
Investment Management And Financial Innovations, Vol.16, Issue 3, pp.182-193 -
Portrayal of male protagonists playing double roles in bollywood /
The Bollywood film industry is the thriving industry in India today and is considered the best form of entertainment in India today. In the early 2000’s the aspect of double role became highly popular and became a major aspect in the cinema industry. This research will focus on the aspect of double role in three Bollywood movies and the way of male protagonists have been showed in the films. -
Power law in tails of bourse volatility – evidence from India /
Investment Management And Financial Innovations, Vol.16, Issue 1, pp.291-298 -
Rethinking interdisciplinarity in social sciences: Is it a new revolution or paradox? /
Journal Of Interdisciplinary Studies In Eductaion, Vol.4, Issue 2, pp.44-66, ISSN: 2166-2681 (Print), 2690-0408 (Online). -
Riding the waves of culture: An empirical study on acclimatization of expatriates in IT industry /
Problems And Perspectives In Management, Vol.16, Issue 3, pp.432-442 -
Soft computing and bioinspired computing techniques for stock market prediction-a comprehensive survey /
International Journal of Engineering & Technology, Vol.7, Issue 3, pp.1836-1845