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Effect of heavy metals on the andrographolide content, phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of Andrographis paniculata
Andrographis paniculata is a medicinal plant that has several medicinal properties and has been traditionally used in different medicinal preparations. The present study deals with the influence of heavy metals (lead, mercury and silver) on andrographolide, phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in Andrographis paniculata. Two months old saplings were subjected to heavy metal stress of two different concentrations (0.2 mM and 0.4 mM) for three different times at 3 day time interval. The results showed that the saplings treated with heavy metals showed increased concentration of andrographolide content. The saplings treated with 0.4 mM silver showed the highest increase in the andrographolide content (24.58 2.85 mg/g of DW) compared with control (9.41 1.26 mg/g of DW) and other treatments. Variations in the biochemical parameters like total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, etc. were also prominent with all the treated samples when compared to that of control. 2020 Chemical Publishing Co.. All rights reserved. -
Effect of heavy metals on the pigmentation and photosynthetic capability in Jacobaea maritima (L.) Pelser & Meijden
Photosynthesis is a fundamental process in plants that enables them to produce their own food. However, this process can be influenced by multiple factors including external factors such as sunlight, nutrients availability and gas concentrations. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of heavy metal stress on the plant Jacobaea maritima (L.) Pelser & Meijden. Three different heavy metals, namely cadmium, chromium, and lead, were applied to the plants at five concentrations ranging from 50-250 ppm (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250). The growth of the plants was observed, and several parameters including net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E), leaf stomatal conductance (C), and the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) were measured. The results revealed that the chlorophyll content was higher in the Cr150 concentration (5.470.4). The chlorophyll values for Pb-100 (9.40.35) and Pb-250 (9.80.26) were in close proximity to each other. The Cd-100 concentration showed the highest chlorophyll content. The net photosynthetic rate was least affected in Pb-150 (30.980.75), while Cr-100 (4.050.09) exhibited the greatest impact. Transpiration rate increased slightly in plants treated with Pb, but significantly decreased in Cd-treated plants. The Cr-50 concentration (0.190.02) showed the lowest transpiration rate. Leaf stomatal conductance was reduced significantly in all treated plants, with Cr-100 showing the least variation (2298.251.85). The photosynthetic active radiation capability was reduced in all treated plants, with Pb-treated plants exhibiting nominal reduction and Cd- and Cr-treated plants experiencing substantial reduction. Statistical analysis confirmed significant variations in the measured parameters following heavy metal treatment. 2023 The Author(s) -
Effect of homogeneous chemical reaction on the dispersion of a solute in a threedimensional flow of a Newtonian liquid through a porous medium
All-Time dispersion of a reactive solute in a Newtonian fluid flow through a Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer Porous medium is carried out using the approach of Gill - Sankarasubramanian (1970) and Doshi etal. (1978). The velocity profile of the non - linear porous medium flow equation is solved using the Maclaurin series of two variables. The three - dimensional model brings into the focus the convective and dispersion coefficients. The chemical reaction is assumed to be homogeneous. The chemical reaction is shown to increase the value of the convective coefficient while it decreases with increase in the value of the reaction rate parameter. The effect of the presence of the porous medium is to decrease the flow and hence the convective coefficient. Similar effect of the porous parameter is seen on the dispersion coefficient. The reaction rate parameter and the porous parameter have opposite effect on the mean concentration distribution. 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Effect of hooked end steel fibers on strength and durability properties of ambient cured geopolymer concrete
Growing carbon emissions in the construction industry have warranted the use of alternative materials such as geopolymer concrete. At the same time exposure of concrete material to harsh environmental conditions has compelled to design of durable geopolymer concrete. The use of hooked-end steel fibers in conventional fiber-reinforced concrete has proven to improve its crack resistance, and thus, positively influence the durability properties of concrete structures. Nevertheless, limited studies explore the effect of hooked-end steel fibers on the strength and durability properties of ambient cured geopolymer concrete with a low NaOH content (i.e., 8 M concentration). In this study, ambient cured geopolymer concrete was prepared by fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), NaOH, Na2SiO3, manufactured sand, and natural coarse aggregates. Additionally, hooked-end steel fibers with an aspect ratio of 67 were added to the mix by volume fraction in dosages of 0 %, 0.5 %, 1 %, 1.5 %, and 2 %. The experimental results showed that the addition of fibers reduced the workability with a minimum slump of 70 mm and a maximum Vee Bee time of 8 s for mixes with 2 % steel fibers. The addition of fibers improved the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of geopolymer concrete, with a maximum strength of 41.44 MPa, 4.28 MPa, and 5.23 MPa at an optimum fiber dose of 1 %, respectively. Above the optimum dose, the strength of the steel fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete (SFRGPC) was reduced. The depth of water penetration reduced in SFRGPC when compared to GPC. Moreover, the resistance to chloride ion penetration was not significantly affected by addition of steel fibers till optimum dose of 1 %. The scanning electron microscopic results revealed the positive effect of steel fibers in restricting the progression of cracks. This has resulted in smaller crack width in the SFRGPC when compared to GPC. Overall, steel fibers in optimum dose have improved the performance of geopolymer concrete and this will contribute towards low carbon material. 2023 The Authors -
Effect of imposed time periodic boundary temperature on the onset of Rayleigh-Benard convection in a dielectric couple stress fluid /
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computation, Vol.5, Issue 4, pp.400-412, ISSN No: 0974-4665 (Print), 0974-4673 (Online) -
Effect of Imposed Time-Periodic Gravity Modulation and Electric Field on the Onset of Rayleigh-Benard Convection in a Couple Stress Fluid
International Journal of Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Applications, Vol-6 (6), pp. 421-435. ISSN-0973-9424 -
Effect of Impulse Buying on Socio-economic factors and Retail Categories
Indian Journal of Marketing, Vol. 46, Issue 9, pp. 24-34, ISSN No. 0973-8704 -
Effect of impulse buying on socioeconomic factors and retail categories
The study aimed to determine the impulse buying behaviour of shoppers at apparel multi-brand outlets using socio-economic factors and retail categories. The research is a descriptive one, and it was conducted among 400 Indian respondents. This research was carried out to identify the impulsive behaviour of respondents at multi-brand outlets because it occurs high in organized retail stores due to attractive displays and latest design and collections. The study revealed that impulse buying behaviour varies among the distinct age profile. The study found that men shop more impulsively than women. The impulse buying did not have a high impact on changes in monthly family income of the respondents. The impulse buying behaviour was displayed more within the same multi-brand outlets than the other retail categories. -
Effect of impulse buying on socioeconomic factors and retail categories /
Indian Journal of Marketing, Vol.46, Issue 9, ISSN: 0973-8703. -
Effect of inoculum density and different media on the growth of hairy roots and production of withanolide-A from withaniasomnifera /
Mapana Journal of Sciences, Vol. 16(4),pp.13-22. ISSN 0975-3303. -
EFFECT OF INTERNAL HEAT GENERATION ON THE ONSET OF RAYLEIGH-B??NARD- MARANGONI MAGNETO CONVECTION IN A HORIZONTAL LAYER OF FLUID WITH SUSPENDED PARTICLES
The effects of internal heat generation and magnetic field on the onset of Rayleigh-B??nard-Marangoni convection in electrically conducting Micropolar fluid are studied using the Galerkin technique. In the case of Rayleigh??B??nard convection, the eigenvalue is obtained for rigid-free velocity boundary combinations with isothermal and adiabatic on the spin- vanishing boundaries. A linear stability analysis is performed. The influence of various parameters on the onset of convection has been analyzed. In the case of Marangoni and Rayleigh-B??nard-Marangoni convection the eigenvalues are obtained for an upper free / adiabatic and a lower rigid / isothermal boundaries. The microrotation is assumed to vanish at the boundaries. A linear stability analysis is performed. The influence of various parameters on the onset of convection has been analyzed and their comparative influence on onset is discussed. The problem suggests an elegant method of external control of internal convection. -
Effect of internal heat source modulations on the onset of triple diffusive convection in viscoelastic liquids
The paper aims to study the dynamic behavior of a triple diffusive system subjected to sinusoidal (trigonometric cosine) and non-sinusoidal wave forms (square, sawtooth and triangular) of internal heat source modulation. The configuration of the system is such that a layer of viscoelastic liquid is heated and salted with two solutes from below. An Oldroyd-B type model is made use for viscoelastic liquids. In order to regulate the convection onset, internal heat source modulation is applied. This investigation is modelled using a linear stability analysis where a stationary convection is preferred. Venezian approach facilitates a solution by finding the eigen values of the problem. The influence of pertinent parameters which are varied for a wide range of values have been reported. It is captured via graphs that for small values of frequency of modulation, square wave form is more stable while sawtooth wave form is more stable for an increment in the values of frequency of modulation. Further, liquids such as Newtonian, Maxwell and Rivlin-Ericksen are analysed as the limiting cases of the problem. It seems worthwhile to discuss the results of the present study as it is the first work on linear theory of different wave forms of internal heat source modulation and thus paves a way for new theoretical and experimental endeavors. 2021, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources. All rights reserved. -
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EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELD ON THE ONSET OF RAYLEIGH-B??NARD CONVECTION IN A MICROPOLAR FLUID WITH INTERNAL HEAT GENERATION
The effects of through flow, internal heat generation and magnetic field on the onset of Rayleigh-B??nard convection in electrically conducting Micropolar fluid are studied using the Galerkin technique. The eigenvalue is obtained for rigid-free velocity boundary combinations with isothermal and adiabatic on the spin-vanishing boundaries. A linear stability analysis is performed. The influence of various parameters on the onset of convection has been analyzed. The microrotation is assumed to vanish at the boundaries. A linear stability analysis is performed. The influence of various parameters on the onset of convection has been analyzed and their comparative influence on onset is discussed. The problem suggests an elegant method of external control of internal convection. -
Effect of magnetic field on the onset of Rayleigh-Benard convection in a micropolar fluid with internal heat generation
The effects of through flow, internal heat generation and magnetic field on the onset of Rayleigh-Benard convection in electrically conducting Micropolar fluid are studied using the Galerkin technique. The eigenvalue is obtained for rigid-free velocity boundary combinations with isothermal and adiabatic on the spin-vanishing boundaries. A linear stability analysis is performed. The influence of various parameters on the onset of convection has been analyzed. The microrotation is assumed to vanish at the boundaries. A linear stability analysis is performed. The influence of various parameters on the onset of convection has been analyzed and their comparative influence on onset is discussed. The problem suggests an elegant method of external control of internal convection. -
Effect of Magneto Convection Nanofluid Flow in a Vertical Channel
An analytical study of the effect of the magneto-convective flow of immiscible fluids through a vertical channel has been investigated in the presence of a chemical reaction. One region is saturated by electrically conducting incompressible fluid, and the other is saturated by nanofluid in a vertical channel with constant transport properties. The coupled nonlinear governing equations are solved by the regular perturbation method, with the Brinkman number as a perturbation parameter since its value is always less than unity. The results are discussed in detail using plots to analyze the flow phenomena. The increase in thermal and mass Grashof numbers enhances the fluid velocity and temperature profile, whereas Hartman number, solid volume fraction, and chemical reaction parameters exhibit the opposite effect. The effect of an increase in the nanoparticle volume fraction opposes the fluid flow and diminishes the temperature distribution due to the enhanced viscosity of the nanofluid. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature India Private Limited 2024. -
Effect of menstrual distress on interpersonal relationships, school absenteeism, work productivity, and academic performance
Women's health has always been one of the major research areas to identify health patterns to understand the challenges women face and to provide essential support. As time changes, various new challenges and issues emerge around menstrual distress. More research is still needed to identify efficient physiological and psychological support strategies. The current chapter provides a detailed insight into how menstrual pain affects a woman and girl's interpersonal relationships, school presence, peer relations, productivity at the workplace, and academic performance. Further, the chapter captures various literature evidence on the effect of cultural and religious factors affecting menstruation. The chapter also emphasizes providing strategies and mapping down existing policies that are in action to address the challenges women face due to menstrual distress. 2023, IGI Global. -
Effect of Mentha arvensis enriched diet to promote the growth and immune response of Clarias batrachus against Aeromonas hydrophila challenge
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of fish fed diet Mentha arvensis extract on growth performance, non-specific immunity and expression of some immune-related genes and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Clarias batrachus. Five diets were formulated with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% of M. arvensis leaf extract. The results indicated that, compared to the control groups, 2-4% dietary inclusion increased growth and feed consumption. In the dietary inclusion of 3-4% M. arvensis extract groups were increased relative on weight gain, specific growth rate, RBC, WBC, total hemocyte counts, total protein, globulin than control. Fed diet supplements with 3% mint-extract increased the total protein, WBC and globulin and phagocytic indexes and lysozyme activity increased at the 2, 3 and 4% of mint groups relative to the control. The PCR analysis showed that TNF, IL-1, MyD88, and TLRs were increased in the 2-4% fed diet M. arvensis extract groups than the control. These results suggest that 3% of M. arvensis extract significantly influences the immunomodulatory activity and immune-specific genes of C. batrachus. 2024 The Authors -
Effect of Mergers and Acquisitions on the Profitability of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
The International Journals Research Journal of Social Science & Management, Vol. 2, No. 6, pp. 131-138, ISSN No. 2251-1571 -
Effect of Mindfulness Based Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (MBDBT) Training on it Employees: An Intervention Based Approach
Mindfulness Based Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (MBDBT) is a recent advancement in mindfulness-based interventions, focusing on helping clients observe their experiences, describe them using verbal labels, and be fully present in the moment and their actions without self-consciousness. This study investigated the effectiveness of MBDBT training on young employees using a mixed-method approach. The research was conducted on a sample of 10 newly joined IT employees in Bangalore, aged 25-30 years, over a 6-week period. The methodology included regular interviews for MBDBT skill training and standardized assessments measuring perceived stress, mindfulness, emotion regulation, and general self-confidence. Assessments were conducted at pre-, mid-, post-, and one-month follow-up sessions. The findings indicate that MBDBT has a significant effect on enhancing mindfulness and cognitive reappraisal while reducing expressive suppression with practice. These results suggest potential benefits of implementing MBDBT training programs for young professionals in the IT sector, with implications for improving their mental well-being and work performance. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Dr. Sundeep Katevarapu, Dr. Anand Pratap Singh, Dr. Priyanka Tiwari, Ms. Akriti Varshney, Ms. Priya Lanka, Ms. Aankur Pradhan, Dr. Neeraj Panwar, Dr. Kumud Sapru Wangnue; individual chapters, the contributors.