Symbiotic cyanobacteria in gymnosperms

Title

Symbiotic cyanobacteria in gymnosperms

Creator

Mishra N.; Rakesh B.

Description

Cyanobacteria are a widespread group of phototrophic bacteria that are morphologically diverse and present on almost every environment on earth. Many cyanobacteria are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen and thus are able to form symbiotic association with a wide range of eukaryotic hosts such as plants, fungi, sponges, and protists. Cyanobacteria are able to provide carbon to nonphotosynthetic hosts such as fungi, but their primary role is to supply fixed nitrogen to enable the host to flourish in nitrogen poor environments. In turn, cyanobionts get the benefits of protection from competition, predation, and environmental extremes. Of all the cyanobacterial symbiotic associations, this chapter focuses on understanding the symbiotic association between gymnosperm and cyanobacteria. Species belonging to phylum cycadophyta are associated with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria (Nostoc species) through small specialized roots called coralloid roots. The cyanobionts are expected to have a heterotrophic mode of carbon nutrition, due to their location in coralloid roots (complete darkness). 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Source

Microbial Symbionts: Functions and Molecular Interactions on Host, pp. 29-37.

Date

2022-01-01

Publisher

Elsevier

Subject

Coralloid roots; Cyanobacteria; Cycads; Nostoc; Symbiosis

Coverage

Mishra N., Department of Botany, St. Joseph's University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Rakesh B., Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India

Rights

Restricted Access

Relation

ISBN: 978-032399334-0; 978-032399335-7

Format

Online

Language

English

Type

Book chapter

Identifier

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-99334-0.00019-0

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