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Future Perspectives of Microplastic towards Environmental Assessment
Microplastic (MP) pollution is an outcome of the widespread use of non-biodegradable plastic and improper disposal. This leads to contamination of environmental resources, such as landfills, and all kinds of water reservoirs including but not limited to sea, fresh water, drinking water, and even wastewater. Recent reports have highlighted the presence of MPs in the human body, including blood, lungs, placentas, and breast milk, indicating the severity of the issue. It is thus crucial to eliminate these hazardous contaminants from the environment. One of the effective methods to address the concern while reducing the adverse effects is to remove the MPs at their discharge points. Nanomaterials with exceptional properties like high surface area, ease of functionalization, and high affinity toward various pollutants act as excellent adsorbents. In this chapter, we present an overview of emerging nanomaterial-based adsorbents, such as photocatalysts, metal-organic frameworks, carbon-based nanomaterials, and nanocomposites, for effective removal of MPs from aqueous media via adsorption, photo-catalysis, and membrane filtration. However, considering that the research in the area of MP pollution is still in its infant stage, we aim to provide a brief account of the strengths, weaknesses, and future research dimensions of nanomaterial-based adsorbents for removing MPs from aqueous media. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Nirmala Kumari Jangid and Rekha Sharma; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Ethical AI in Humanitarian Contexts: Challenges, Transparency, and Safety
This chapter elaborates on how emerging technologies for artificial intelligence (AI) can help create social change and solve worldwide problems. The chapter brings to light the issue of ethical matters and responsible AI practices that should be considered to avoid technology usage by the vulnerable population to harden already present inequalities. This chapter also examines the role of AI in ensuring that quality education is accessible to all, in addressing poverty through innovative approaches, and in the amplification quest of human rights advocacy by marginalized groups. This chapter presents a complete picture of the impact of AI on humanitarianism, exemplifying the devices of new horizons and emphasizing the necessity of responsible and inclusive applications. This chapter provides findings and advice for researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and all interested parties who are involved in using the new technologies to make their world fairer and well-sustained. The chapter aims to comprehend the AI-humanitarianism nexus and simultaneously proclaim safety measures and transparency for the sake of social upheaval. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Adeyemi Abel Ajibesin and Narasimha Rao Vajjhala; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Safeguarding the future through the prevention of cybercrime in the quantum computing era
Quantum computing is an emerging field that holds great promise for solving complex problems at an unprecedented speed by harnessing the principles of quantum mechanics. However, this disruptive technology also introduces new challenges, particularly in the realm of cybersecurity. Quantum computing can lead to cyberattacks such as cryptographic attacks, data breaches, blockchain vulnerabilities, social engineering, and phishing attacks. It is important to note that, at present, these risks are largely theoretical, as practical, large-scale quantum computers capable of breaking current cryptographic systems are not yet available. However, it is crucial for researchers, organisations, and policymakers to anticipate and address these potential threats in advance by developing quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms, improving security protocols, and raising awareness about the evolving landscape of cyberthreats in the quantum computing era. There is a need for preparing safeguard measures form the quantum threat by investing in quantum-safe technologies, training cybersecurity professionals in quantum-resistant techniques, and fostering collaboration among industry, academia, and government entities. As quantum computing progresses, the landscape of cybercrime is expected to evolve, necessitating the development of robust laws to mitigate potential threats. The chapter aims at understanding the intersection of quantum computing and cybercrime, highlighting the potential implications and risks associated with quantum advancements in the context of cybersecurity. The chapter also emphasises the need for proactive measures and policies to mitigate the risks posed by quantum computing to cybersecurity. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Keshav Kumar and Bishwajeet Kumar Pandey; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) Performance: Bibliometric Analysis of Scholarly Articles on Short-Run Performance
Initial Public offerings are used by the companies to raise capital from the public and to enter in to the public markets. To understand the concept of short-run performance and long-run performance of the company is essential for the investors, regulators and market analysts to evaluate market efficiency. there are many researches were conducted on IPO from the year 1991 to till date, shows the importance of the IPOs. This paper conducted a bibliometric analysis on IPO performance landscape. The data were collected using the Dimensions data base. The articles so collected were from the period 1991 to 2024. Total of 126 articles were identified and considered for the current research. The extracted database was analyzed using VOSview software. Using the software, the current research identified the key authors in the field of IPO research, their organizations, countrywide research contributed in the field of IPO performance both short-run and long-run, especially short-run. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Multi-level Prediction of Financial Distress of Indian Companies Using Machine Learning
Predicting Financial Distress (FD) and shielding companies from reaching that stage is vital, even indispensable for every business. FD, if not attended to on time, ultimately leads to bankruptcy. Prediction variables are essential to forecast the wreckage in the business; however, the prediction is successful when suitable models are used. This study aims to predict FD at three levels: from mild to severe, by applying a machine learning algorithm. The study identifies modern models using the machine learning approach for predicting multi-level FD and summarises the significance of modern models through machine learning technology, to sustain the future development of the economy. The modern models are free from rigid assumptions and have proved to be the best in the prediction of FD. The results show that FD prediction is important at multiple stages. The models performance will be high when the best features are selected using the Pearson Correlation and SFS Feature selection approach. Among the ten models used in the study, LightGBM Classifier shows the highest performance of 80.43% accuracy without feature selection. However, with Pearson Correlation Approach and SFS Feature Selection methods, the accuracy is 82.68% and 86.95% respectively. This study has major implications for the stakeholders of the company to take timely decisions on their investment and for the management as a yardstick to check the performance of the business. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Blockchain and the Evolving Internal Audit Function
Blockchain Technology indicates a transformative era for internal audit practices in the evolving digital finance and operations landscape. This research explores the internal audit function in a Blockchain-driven world, emphasizing the changing perspectives and methodologies necessitated by this disruptive technology. With its foundational principles of transparency, immutability, and decentralization, Blockchain presents challenges and opportunities for internal auditors. The paper delves into how Blockchain is poised to redefine traditional audit practices, moving towards more real-time and continuous auditing techniques. It examines the implications of Blockchain for risk assessment, fraud detection, and compliance, highlighting the shift towards proactive rather than reactive audit strategies. Furthermore, the research examines Blockchains opportunities and challenges to the internal audit function. This study provides insights into integrating Blockchain Technology in internal auditing through a comprehensive secondary data analysis. It proposes a roadmap for auditors to adapt and thrive in this new era. The findings underscore the importance of embracing technological advancements, advocating for a dynamic approach to audit practices that aligns with the complexities of a blockchain-driven world. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
The Efficacy of Multi-Component Intervention for Adolescents with Problematic Video Gaming in a Community-Based Setting
Video gaming is a popular leisure activity enjoyed by millions globally, helping with socialisation, interaction, and relieving stress. It may also become a maladaptive coping mechanism to evade distress and negative emotions, leading to problematic usage. Research evidence shows that problematic gaming is associated with different psychosocial issues. Video games can be a way of negative coping and escaping reality, and problematic usage can hide other problems of players in real life. Adolescents are vulnerable to problematic use due to their developmental stages, and those with specific vulnerabilities and disabilities are at greater risk. No one psychotherapy has all the answers, and the multi-component intervention technique might have better treatment utility than a solitary behaviour intervention. The research aims to show the effectiveness of the intervention for problematic video game usage in a community-based setting. The study focuses on adolescents in seventh through ninth grade who were identified as problematic video gamers (not addictive users) from a selected group of schools in Kerala. The study employed an experimental design, encompassing both intervention and control groups, to systematically assess the effects of the experimental manipulation and establish a baseline measurement. The paired t-test results showed no significant decrease in the intervention groups Gaming Addiction Scale at the post-test, but it did lower the addiction scores. By conducting the research, we provide psychological care for adolescents and help them identify and prevent problematic gaming experiences. The research underscores the significance of early identification and prevention of problematic video game usage among adolescents, advocating for a holistic approach incorporating diverse components. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Dr. Sundeep Katevarapu, Dr. Anand Pratap Singh, Dr. Priyanka Tiwari, Ms. Akriti Varshney, Ms. Priya Lanka, Ms. Aankur Pradhan, Dr. Neeraj Panwar, Dr. Kumud Sapru Wangnue; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Unlocking Happiness: The Power of Spiritual Intelligence for Emerging Adults
This study investigated the relationship between spiritual intelligence (SI) and happiness among emerging adults. 163 undergraduate and postgraduate psychology students from private universities completed standardized measures of SI and subjective happiness. Results showed positive correlations between SI and happiness (r = 0.26 to 0.59, p <.01). Two SI domains - transcendental awareness and conscious state expansion - were found to be significant predictors of happiness. The findings suggest that SI plays a crucial role in promoting happiness among emerging adults, supporting the hypothesis that SI can be used as an aid in the process of achieving happiness through independent decision-making and responsibility. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Dr. Sundeep Katevarapu, Dr. Anand Pratap Singh, Dr. Priyanka Tiwari, Ms. Akriti Varshney, Ms. Priya Lanka, Ms. Aankur Pradhan, Dr. Neeraj Panwar, Dr. Kumud Sapru Wangnue; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Securing patient information: A multilayered cryptographic approach in IoT healthcare
The increasing integration of devices utilising the of Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare has resulted in the collection of an unparalleled volume of patient data. Personal identifiers, insurance information, medical history, and health monitoring measures are all included in a complete dataset. Ensuring security and privacy of IoT devices is crucial in the healthcare sector. The goal of this project is to combine steganography with three different cryptographic algorithms to develop a hybrid cryptographic technique. Among the algorithms under investigation are steganography, Caesar cipher, columnar transposition cipher, and one-time pad. Every encryption scheme uses three keys to encrypt patient data. The encrypted data is subsequently encoded into an image file through image-based steganography. To ensure confidentiality and authentication, an authorised user can decrypt the file through a designated decryption process, maintaining the integrity of patient data. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Keshav Kumar and Bishwajeet Kumar Pandey; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Navigating Financial Waters: Exploring the Intersection of Algorithmic Trading and Market Liquidity Dynamics
Algorithmic trading has ushered paradigm shift in trading. The market regulators although welcome this new technological advancement but are still keeping a tight leash. This can be owing to the contradicting and inconclusive evidence of its implications and impact on market microstructure. This study focuses on liquidity which is an integral part of a thriving stock market. We aim to examine if there is a statistical significance between volume of algorithmic orders and market capitalization. The liquidity provision is measured using Amihuds Illiquidity measure which is a proxy for measuring illiquidity. The liquidity measure is examined for chosen 8 stocks based on their market capitalization. The volume of algorithmic orders is examined using the Limit Order Book (LOB) data obtained from the BSE and orders for 23 trading days have been considered. We observe that large capitalization stocks display higher liquidity and algorithmic traders are able to contribute significantly to liquidity when compared to non-algorithmic traders. It was also looked at if there was a big difference in the amount of algorithmic trading done on stocks with big and small capitalization. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Unraveling the Intangibles: Influence of AI and Employee Valuation on Corporate Sustainability
This study investigates the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and human capital on a firm's sustainability based on the selected thirty companies in the Indian Information Technology (IT) Sector. It also involves an insight into the usage of AI tools for the same. This study takes three independent variables, namelySalaries and wages (SW), Provident Fund (PF), and Gratuity and superannuation (GS), which are dependent on the Return On Capital Employed (ROCE). Furthermore, the study evaluates these variables through multiple regression analysis to establish the link between them and determine how human capital affects a firm's profitability. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Higher Education in Maldives amidst the Pandemic: An Intersectional Approach to Digital Education
The Covid-19 outbreak upended the core foundations of societies across the globe, leading to dramatic shifts in knowledge, attitudes, and values. The education sector, known for its traditional classroom model, had to adapt quickly. However, the pandemic's impact varied widely due to social, cultural, economic, geographic, and gender factors. Amid such inequal pandemic disruptions, Maldives presents a unique case as an upper-middle-income economy with diverse higher education (HE) opportunities. The pandemic pushed Maldives towards digital education, capitalizing on pre-existing capabilities. The study employs an intersectional feminist approach to the gender digital divide, seeking to understand how the rapid adoption of digital education in Maldives' higher education institutions (HEIs) has unfolded during the pandemic. The analysis reveals deeply entrenched gender norms that have had a disproportionate impact on women students and lecturers in HEIs. Factors like unpaid domestic labour and care work, lack of suitable home space, absence of psychological support, and reinforcement of gender roles have primarily widened the gender digital divide in digital education during the pandemic. Moreover, local, social, and cultural attitudes further exacerbate this divide signifying a pressing need to re-evaluate women's roles in HEIs in the post-pandemic world. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Padma Rani, Bhanu Bhakta. -
The Impact of Digital Marketing Strategies on Customer Attitude and Purchase Intention Towards Electronic Gadgets: A Study on Indian Students
A portion of a companys long-term strategy should be devoted to digital marketing transformation. It is a challenging task to select the effective marketing strategy when conducting business in modern digital world. This study seeks to elucidate the influences of digital marketing strategy forms on customer attitude and purchase intention of students towards electronic gadgets. The relationship between four digital marketing strategies such as search engine advertising, social media, content marketing and email marketing towards customer attitudes and purchase intention was investigated in accordance with hypotheses, 225 students from Bangalore city, India, who had experience in online purchase of electronic gadgets comprised as a research sample. The relationship among the selected variables are tested with help of Correlation, ANOVA and regression analysis. The study conclude that there is an impact of various forms of digital marketing strategies on customers attitude and the purchase intention of young (Students) customer. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Blockchain and IoT Integration for Financial Sector Revolution
The Industrial Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming the globe. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) speaks about the use of Internet of Things (IoT) concepts and technology in industrial environments. The financial industry has long traded in the things that areintangible, from once-tangible but now-less-tangible items like stock certificates and even money itself. The Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologythat offer and storedata aboutthings mighthave direct influence on how financial services institutions operate their businesses. The Financial Industry is adopting IoT for fast and effective transactions. The invention of disruptive technology like blockchain, which is a decentralized, unchangeable ledger makes tracking assets and record transactions easier. Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is based on the peer-to-peer idea that eliminates intermediaries from the system. It is possible to establish smart contracts, which will do away with the need for any middlemen. Due to the IoTs broad application and dispersed nature, security and privacy are the primary concerns in the financial sector. Blockchain is essential for IoT applications where data security and privacy are top priorities. Blockchain can secure data and keep the transactions private. IoT enhances business opportunities and offers firms a competitive edge in both established and developing industries. It has an impact on every aspect of technology, including the methods used to gather data and the locations, timings, and purposes for doing so. Since this data must be safeguarded, we need a standard blockchain-oriented architecture for IoT applications. The data generated by the financial industry is crucial because it establishes future market trends and preserves data on consumer and investor investments. Financial data is vulnerable to assaults and needs to be protected. This paper explores the need for regulations and policy in this area and attempts to understand how blockchain technology can be used to overcome barriers to IoT adoption in the financial sector. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Exploring the Roots of Customer Adaptability Through the Landscape of Physical Retail Environments
This research delves into the intricate dynamics of customer adaptability within the realm of brick-and-mortar retail, examining the pivotal role of managing customer knowledge capabilities. As traditional retail spaces evolve in response to technological advancements and shifting consumer behaviors, understanding the antecedents of customer agility becomes paramount. Drawing on insights from customer knowledge management literature and retail studies, this paper elucidates the nuanced interplay between customer adaptability and the strategies employed to harness and leverage customer knowledge. Through a comprehensive analysis of the contextual landscape of physical retail environments, we uncover the underlying factors that influence customer adaptability. By illuminating these connections, this study offers valuable insights for practitioners and scholars alike, contributing to a deeper understanding of how organizations can effectively navigate the evolving retail landscape to enhance customer experiences and foster sustainable growth. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Interconnected Dynamics of Gold, Nifty, Crude Oil, and USD/INR: Insights from a Panel Data VAR Analysis
This study utilizes a panel data vector autoregression (PVAR) model to examine the relationships between Gold, Nifty, Crude Oil, and USD/INR, drawing from 3105 observations sourced from Yahoo Finance. Descriptive statistics reveal notable volatility, particularly in Gold and Crude Oil. Unit root tests confirm stationarity, crucial for time series analysis. Optimal lag selection recommends a lag order of 2, balancing model accuracy and complexity. Granger causality tests indicate limited predictive power, with gold influencing USD/INR unidirectionally. Impulse response function analysis and variance decomposition underscore Golds relative independence. Robustness tests affirm stability, highlighting USD/INRs endogeneity. This study enhances understanding of financial dynamics, offering insights for risk management, portfolio diversification, and monetary policy. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Mother Phubbing and Psychological Well-being: Exploring Mediating Role of Loneliness
Mothers phubbing has been connected to a rise in loneliness and a fall in well-being in the role of parenthood. Study examined loneliness as a mediator between mother phubbing and psychological well-being. In total 186 mothers (30-45 years) were surveyed. Results highlighted that Mother phubbing negatively correlated with psychological well-being (r = -0.29) and loneliness (r = -0.39). Loneliness is negatively correlated with psychological well-being (r = -0.40). Loneliness mediated the relationship (b = -0.13, p<.001). 2024 selection and editorial matter, Dr. Sundeep Katevarapu, Dr. Anand Pratap Singh, Dr. Priyanka Tiwari, Ms. Akriti Varshney, Ms. Priya Lanka, Ms. Aankur Pradhan, Dr. Neeraj Panwar, Dr. Kumud Sapru Wangnue; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Innovation in TeachingExploring the Educators Perspective of AI Functions in Subject Pedagogy
The objective of the research is to gain insight into the viewpoints of educators regarding the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the teaching of academic subjects. The study endeavours to comprehend the most significant function of AI in attaining a successful teaching experience. Design/Methodology The study is an exploratory research design which utilises quantitative research strategy. Data is collected from students of Autonomous Institutions in Bangalore city. A convenience sampling technique is used to select 56 Educators. The data was analysed using the SPSS and AMOS software. Findings The studys results indicate that educators hold a favourable view of the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) features to enhance subject-specific teaching methods. According to the educators, the provision of instructions beyond the classroom and the facilitation of collaborative functions of artificial intelligence have the greatest impact on the effective delivery of subject matter to students. Originality This study is innovative in its methodology as it considers the viewpoint of educators regarding the role of Artificial Intelligence in the teaching of academic subjects. This study pertains to autonomous institutions located in Bangalore that possess the authority to develop their own subject pedagogies through the integration of artificial intelligence (AI). Implications This research will provide valuable insights for policymakers in the education industry and educational institutions regarding the perceptions of educators on the functions of artificial intelligence. The stakeholders can identify the ineffective functions which can either be substituted or eliminated. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Quantum cryptography: An in-depth exploration of principles and techniques
Quantum cryptography is evolving in the field of data security and cryptographic research, as it offers a high level of security based on the principles of quantum mechanics. This chapter provides an extensive understanding and in-depth explanation about the basic concepts of the techniques implemented in quantum cryptography. The exploration of the fundamental concepts begins with elaboration on the foundational concepts of quantum mechanics, such as no-cloning, entanglement, superposition, and quantum state measurement, which are crucial for the better understanding of quantum cryptography. Further, the chapter delves more into the quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols such as BB84, BBM92, and B92. All the QKD protocols are analysed and compared based on the underlying principles and techniques. Furthermore, the importance and benefits of the integration of quantum cryptography with the traditional algorithms are also discussed. The chapter also aims to provide thorough study of quantum cryptography principles, challenges, and future directions along with a detailed comprehensive review of quantum cryptographic techniques. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Keshav Kumar and Bishwajeet Kumar Pandey; individual chapters, the contributors.
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