Knots of the umbilical cord: Incidence, diagnosis, and management
- Title
- Knots of the umbilical cord: Incidence, diagnosis, and management
- Creator
- AlQasem M.; Meyyazhagan A.; Tsibizova V.; Clerici G.; Arduini M.; Khader M.; M.Alkarabsheh A.; DiRenzo G.C.
- Description
- Knot(s) of the umbilical cord have received emphasis because the clinical assessments and sonographic literature show a crucial role in fetal outcomes. The true umbilical cord knot could be a knot in a singleton pregnancy or an entanglement of two umbilical cords in monoamniotic twins. Clinical manifestations are almost silent, which can raise clinical challenges. They worsen outcomes, and the pathology can be easily missed during prenatal visits because ultrasonographers do not pay attention to the cord during an obstetric ultrasound scan. However, most medical centers now have ultrasound machines that improve fetal assessment. The umbilical cord should be routinely evaluated during a fetal assessment, and suspicion of an umbilical cord knot can be more frequently diagnosed and is detected only incidentally. Clinical outcome is usually good but depends on the knot's characteristics and if it is tight or loose. In this review, we discuss pathophysiology, the theories on formation, the main risk factors, ultrasound signs and findings, different opinions in the management, and features of pregnancy outcomes feature. 2024 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.
- Source
- International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Vol-166, No. 2, pp. 559-566.
- Date
- 2024-01-01
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons Ltd
- Subject
- diagnosis; management; pathophysiology; ultrasound; umbilical cord knot
- Coverage
- AlQasem M., Centre of Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan; Meyyazhagan A., Centre of Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy, Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, India, PREIS International School, Firenze, Italy; Tsibizova V., PREIS International School, Firenze, Italy, CEMER, European Centre for Medical Research, Perugia, Italy; Clerici G., Centre of Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy, CEMER, European Centre for Medical Research, Perugia, Italy; Arduini M., Centre of Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; Khader M., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan; M.Alkarabsheh A., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan; DiRenzo G.C., Centre of Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy, PREIS International School, Firenze, Italy, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, IE Sechenov First State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Rights
- Restricted Access
- Relation
- ISSN: 207292; PubMed ID: 38264935; CODEN: IJGOA
- Format
- Online
- Language
- English
- Type
- Review
Collection
Citation
AlQasem M.; Meyyazhagan A.; Tsibizova V.; Clerici G.; Arduini M.; Khader M.; M.Alkarabsheh A.; DiRenzo G.C., “Knots of the umbilical cord: Incidence, diagnosis, and management,” CHRIST (Deemed To Be University) Institutional Repository, accessed February 25, 2025, https://archives.christuniversity.in/items/show/21295.