ItemArticle

Kinetic characterisation of proteases from Punica granatum, Musa acuminata, Carica papaya, and Ananas comosus as sustainable enzyme sources

Title
Kinetic characterisation of proteases from Punica granatum, Musa acuminata, Carica papaya, and Ananas comosus as sustainable enzyme sources
Creator
Gopalraaj, Jhanani; Velayudhannair, Krishnakumar
Description
Proteases are vital industrial enzymes, contributing approximately 60% of the global enzyme market, by facilitating protein hydrolysis. Fruit peels, a major agricultural waste, offer a sustainable alternative for commercial enzyme production. This study investigates the proteases extracted from the peels of Punica granatum, Musa acuminata, Carica papaya, and Ananas comosus, with a primary focus on determining their optimal pH, temperature, and substrate specificity. Additionally, K? and V??? kinetics were assessed to characterize their catalytic efficiency. Optimal proteolytic activity was observed at pH 8 and 30C for P. granatum, pH 7 and 30C for M. acuminata, pH 8 and 30C for C. papaya, and pH 7 and 50C for A. comosus. substrate specificity of protease was assessed using casein, fish meal, soybean meal, black soldier fly larvae, bovine serum albumin, and egg albumin, revealing broad applicability, especially in P. granatum peels. The stability of P. granatum proteases across substrates suggests multiple isoforms or a flexible active site. Kinetic analysis using Lineweaver-Burk plots revealed Vmax and KM values of 8.45 mol/min/mL and 3.81 M (P. granatum), 4.56 mol/min/mL and 10.08 M (M. acuminata), 2.98 mol/min/mL and 2.84 M (C. papaya), and 2.97 mol/min/mL and 11.38 M (A. comosus) respectively. Among the tested fruit peels, P. granatum exhibited the highest reaction rate, while C. papaya demonstrated the highest substrate affinity, making them as promising candidates for feed supplementation and industrial enzyme applications. The broad substrate specificity and high catalytic efficiency of P. granatum further reinforce its potential for use in feed formulations, enhancing protein hydrolysis and improving nutrient availability. These findings highlight the significant potential of fruit peel-derived proteases in promoting sustainable enzyme production and advancing bioeconomic applications. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026.
Source
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery;Volume;16;Issue;1;Article No.;14;
Date
01-01-2026
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Subject
Circular economy; Enzyme kinetics; agro-industrial waste utilisation; Sustainable bioprocessing
Coverage
Gopalraaj J., Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Hosur Main Road, Dharmaram College Post, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560 029, India; Velayudhannair K., Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Hosur Main Road, Dharmaram College Post, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560 029, India
Rights
Restricted Access; Hardcopy may be available in the library
Relation
ISSN: 21906815;
Format
online
Language
English
Type
Article

Citation

Gopalraaj, Jhanani; Velayudhannair, Krishnakumar, “Kinetic characterisation of proteases from Punica granatum, Musa acuminata, Carica papaya, and Ananas comosus as sustainable enzyme sources,” CHRIST (Deemed To Be University) Institutional Repository, accessed June 18, 2026, https://archives.christuniversity.in/items/show/22047.

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