ItemArticle

Complex Systems Mapping of Fiscal Growth Dynamics at Strategic Maritime Chokepoints Using Time-Series Slopes

Title
Complex Systems Mapping of Fiscal Growth Dynamics at Strategic Maritime Chokepoints Using Time-Series Slopes
Creator
Balamurugan, Rahul; Nanjundan, Preethi; Sharma, Avichal
Description
This study examines how maritime and trading states allocate public resources between defence, health, and economic growth around three strategic chokepoints the Strait of Malacca, the Strait of Hormuz, and the Suez Canal. The analysis extends the classic guns versus butter framing by treating defence and health spending as co-evolving components of an interconnected fiscal-growth system. Using World Development Indicators data (1999-2024), trend slopes are estimated for military spending (% of GDP), healthcare spending (% of GDP), and GDP growth (annual %). Two derived indicators are computed, a defence-to-health slope ratio (military slope/health slope) and a fiscal-balance proxy (health slope - military slope). Augmented Dickey-Fuller tests are used to assess stationarity (unit-root behaviour), and Granger causality tests to examine whether GDP growth temporally precedes changes in spending shares. Hormuz chokepoint states show non-negative health slopes (e.g., UAE +0.1199) alongside negative GDP growth slopes in some cases (e.g., Qatar -0.4754). Suez chokepoint states exhibit negative defence slopes (e.g., Egypt -0.0899) with comparatively small or negative health slopes (e.g., Egypt -0.0211). The United States is included as an external benchmark because it is the largest trading nation by monetary trade volume and is directly or indirectly coupled to chokepoint flows; it shows health +0.1758 and military -0.0116 (ratio -0.0657). These quantified configurations support chokepoint-specific fiscal regimes and provide a compact visual map of security, health, growth dynamics in a small integrated complex systems. @ Binghamton (The ORB), 2026.
Source
Northeast Journal of Complex Systems;Volume;8;Issue;1;Article No.;8;
Date
01-01-2026
Publisher
Binghamton University Libraries
Coverage
Balamurugan R., State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, United States; Nanjundan P., Christ (Deemed to be University), Lavasa, Pune, India; Sharma A., Christ (Deemed to be University), Lavasa, Pune, India
Rights
All Open Access; Gold Open Access
Relation
ISSN: 25778439;
Format
online
Language
English
Type
Article

Citation

Balamurugan, Rahul; Nanjundan, Preethi; Sharma, Avichal, “Complex Systems Mapping of Fiscal Growth Dynamics at Strategic Maritime Chokepoints Using Time-Series Slopes,” CHRIST (Deemed To Be University) Institutional Repository, accessed June 18, 2026, https://archives.christuniversity.in/items/show/23745.

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