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ITERATED LINE GRAPHS WITH ONLY NEGATIVE EIGENVALUES ?2, THEIR COMPLEMENTS AND ENERGY
In this article, several iterated line graphs Lk (G) with all equal negative eigenvalues ?2 are characterized for k ? 1 and their energy consequences are presented. Also the spectra and the energy of complement of these graphs are obtained, interestingly they have exactly two positive eigenvalues with different multiplicities. Moreover, we characterize a large class of equienergetic graphs which extend some of the existing results. Palestine Polytechnic University-PPU 2025. -
Understanding Engagement Patterns in Students with Autism during Physical Education: A Qualitative Inquiry
Physical education is an important context to promote inclusion, participation, and social engagement for students with autism, but to date, little research has addressed engagement. Existing studies have primarily focused on the effectiveness of interventions and barriers to participation, and little qualitative work has examined the nature and experience of engagement in physical education. To address this gap, this study investigated the engagement of students with autism using qualitative research. Guided by an interpretivist multiple-case study, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, and field notes from 48 participants (including students with autism, physical education teachers, special educators, and teaching assistants). Reflexive thematic analysis highlighted four interconnected themes: engagement is facilitated by routines, sensory factors shape participation, social relationships support engagement, and engagement is activity-specific. Engagement is not a behavioral state but a dynamic, social, and contextual construct. This research provides an ecological conceptualization of multidimensional engagement that extends participation in autism and physical education. The findings suggest routine, sensory, and socially supportive pedagogies are needed to support inclusion. The study contributes to qualitative models of engagement and inclusive practice, policy, and research. 2026 Authors. -
Role of breakup distress on perceived academic performance and psychosocial functioning among University students
Emerging adult students often experience romantic relationship dissolutions, which is a normative yet distressing experience for them. The present study examines perceived academic performance and psychosocial functioning among university students who have had a broken romantic relationship in Indian context. The study employed a mixed-method explanatory sequential design including quantitative and qualitative data analysis. Researchers administered questionnaire to 104 students who are studying in Universities and had breakup incidence. Questionnaire included items on breakup distress scale, perceived academic performance, concentration, and quality of life focusing mental wellbeing and social relationship. Researchers selected survey and interview participants through word-of-mouth approach. Findings revealed that girls had high positive correlation between break distress and academic performance than boys. The narrative thematic analysis of qualitative data revealed three main themes and five sub-themes explaining the nuances of breakup and listed coping mechanisms used by the Indian youths to spring back from breakup distress. Future research may focus on how the early breakup incidents affect their post marriage relationship and life satisfaction. 2026 RESTORATIVE JUSTICE FOR ALL. -
Beyond the Pink Slip: Mental Health Challenges Among Displaced IT Workers in India
The case explores and undertakes the journey of pink slips, technological disruption, and the silence around mental health through the experiences of Karan. The events are drawn from reallife situations and have been adapted to protect the identity of the individual. The case follows Karan Jadhav, a mid-level IT professional working in Bengaluru. He tries to navigate his life after being laid off during a strategic downsizing at a Multinational Company (MNC) where he has been working for more than 10 years. Karan finds himself battling with anxiety over unpaid bills and a constant dread of not finding a job. In a country such as India, the job is associated with a sense of identity, purpose, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and social acceptance and respect. Karan's story reflects the human cost of technological disruption, lack of social and emotional support around mental health, and policy gaps that leave the displaced professionals vulnerable and with poor to no support. Designed for courses i.organizational Behaviour, HRM, or Public Policy, it invites learners to explore mental health inclusion, workplace transitions, and the complex socio-economic and emotional realities of job loss. 2025 NeilsonJournals Publishing. -
Enhancing Biodegradability and Ecological Impact: Treatment of Low-Density Polyethylene for Sustainable Plastic Management with Eudrilus eugeniae Earthworms
Low-density Polyethylene (LDPE) is widely used in food packaging and agricultural mulching, but its disposal creates harmful macro-, meso- and microplastics. To address this, LDPE has been treated to become biodegradable. The treatment involved dissolving LDPE in trichloroethylene and treating it with starch, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid and acetic acid, reducing its crystallinity from 48.48% to 32.98% through Single (T), double (TT) and triple (TTT) treatments. This 15.5% decrease in crystallinity enhanced polymer degradation. When LDPE microplastics with 40.02% crystallinity (TT) were tested on Eudrilus eugeniae earthworms, they showed a lower mortality rate compared to other treated and untreated LDPE. The 40.02% crystallinity LDPE exhibited hydroxyl and carboxylic functional groups. Treated LDPE (TT) introduced to earthworm casts showed microbiota, including Mycobacterium and Rozellomycota, known for Polyethylene degradation. Additionally, microbial examination of treated LDPE revealed Aeromonas and Pyrenochaetopsis leptospora in the earthworm gut, potential LDPE degraders. X-ray differaction (XRD) analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated distinct degradation patterns. After 21 days with Eudrilus eugeniae, treated LDPE's crystallinity decreased from 40.02% to 22.84%. This study highlights the significance of oxidized treated LDPE for microbial colonization and degradation, supporting Eudrilus eugeniae survival and improving soil biota health. 2025 - Kalpana Corporation. -
Myth of the Empowered Naga Women: A Reflection through Feminist and Postcolonial Perspective
[No abstract available] -
Residual-based MEWMA control charts in the presence of multicollinearity
Statistical Process Control has been performing a critical role in attaining quality assurance from historic times to the modern era. Examining and governing the process variables involves rigorous stages and several control charts. The multivariate process is considered for a more comprehensive understanding of handling multiple correlated variables of the process. The study here focuses on the unique creation and deployment of residual-based Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Average control charts in the presence of multicollinearity, specially constructed and evaluated for Phase I and Phase II. The chart offers a reliable framework for understanding shifts in multivariate processes across time from minor to moderate changes in process parameters. Agro-Economy data of Indian States for the years 2019 and 2020 are utilized in an application example. The proposed residual-based MEWMA control charts detect out-of-control circumstances with few false alarms and this is critical for rapid interventions, resulting in optimal crop management and production. 2025, Prince of Songkla University. All rights reserved. -
A Travellers Melancholy
On possibly the most humid day in the month of June, I lay on a bed in a backpacking hostel, journalling my melancholy. 2025, The Assosiation FormAkademisk. All rights reserved. -
An Intuitionistic Fuzzy-Rough Attribute Selection Using Representative Samples
Selecting relevant features is an important tool for extracting knowledge from datasets with many attributes and objects. The traditional theory of rough set is a fundamental and successful tool for dealing with vagueness and inconsistency. Combining the rough set with the fuzzy set handles the information loss problem arising from the discretisation process. Still, it fails to consider the hesitancy part of any information system. A generalisation of fuzzy set known as an intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) set has more real-world applications to confront uncertainty and ambiguity than the fuzzy set. So, the combination of rough set and IF set not only deals with vagueness but also able to consider the hesitancy available in any real-world data. In this work, we propose an IF rough set model based on representative samples and its application in the area of attribute reduction of high-dimensional datasets. First, we defined the representative sample-based intuitionistic fuzzy rough set and then presented an algorithm to calculate the reduction of a dataset using the degree of dependency method. Mathematical theorems are applied to validate the presented model theoretically. Experimental analysis is also discussed to validate the proposed technique. Finally, we applied our proposed method to improve the prediction of antifungal peptides. 2025 Old City Publishing, Inc. -
Social Capital and Income Inequality An Empirical Analysis
The relationship between income inequality and social capital is examined. Using the India Human Development Survey, which includes variables related to formal and informal social capital, income inequality is seen to adversely impact the formation of formal social capital while significantly contributing to the development of informal social capital in India. Further, evidence of a lower level of social capital among low-income individuals is observed. There is substantial inequality in income distribution that amplifies social capital inequality. Traditional income redistributive policies may prove ineffective when inequality becomes deeply ingrained in society. 2025, Economic and Political Weekly. All rights reserved. -
MULTI-REFERENCE SKIP-LOT SAMPLING OF TYPE 3 (MR-SkSP-3)
In the current industrial sector, the rate of defective products present in the lots has been decreasing and most of the products keeps up a good history of quality throughout the production also. Skip-lot sampling plans are the suitable acceptance sampling plan for the situations where the series of products shows a stable and excellent quality. The skip-lot sampling plans are still widely used because of its reduced sampling cost and efforts, because the plan only needs to inspect a fraction of the lots submitted after a continues series of lots with excellent quality. This approach makes the skip-lot plan more cost-effective than the other sampling plans, thus making it an economically important plan. The current study incorporated a modification on the skip-lot sampling of type 3 and designated it as multi-reference skip lot sampling of type 3. The proposed plan has the provision of having multiple reference plans in normal and skipping inspection of a skip-lot sampling plan, unlike the traditional skip-lot plans which has the same reference plan in all phases. The performance measures of the proposed plan are derived using the power series approach. A designing methodology to determine the optimal parameters for the plan using the unity value approach is also described with the help of a numerical illustration. Behaviour of the operating characteristic curves for varying set of parameters are also analysed for the plan. Comparison of the proposed plan is done between the conventional plans using performance measure values and graphical representations. This analysis shows that the new plan is able to effectively optimize the preferences of producer and consumer simultaneously, where the traditional plans fail to. The analysis is supported with the help of graphical representations and tabulated values. 2025, Gnedenko Forum. All rights reserved. -
Hegemony of the Visual Question of Disability, Inclusivity, and Justice in Neru
[No abstract available] -
Enhancing fabric quality with AI-based defect detection systems
In summary, there is a necessity to use AI-based defect detection systems in fabric quality improvement especially in the process of textile production. These sophisticated solutions eliminate the requirement for time-consuming and error-prone traditional manual procedures, and thus not only speed up the inspection but guarantee a higher quality of the products. -
Improper Injective Coloring Parameters of Certain Cycle-Related Graphs
Any vertex coloring of a graph can be viewed as a random experiment of assigning colors to the vertices, whose random variable is defined based on the number of vertices assigned a particular color in that coloring. Based on this, the statistical parameters of mean and variance have been extended to chromatic mean and chromatic variance for various vertex colorings of graphs in the literature. In this article, the ideas of chromatic mean and chromatic variance of cycle-related graphs with respect to their improper injective coloring are investigated. (2025), (Yarmouk University). All rights reserved. -
Skin as Script Embodied Archives of Post-headhunting in Longwa, Nagaland
[No abstract available] -
Patriarchal Constraints in Everyday Lives: Gender Roles, Matrilineality, and the Status of Contemporary Khasi Women
The Khasi tribe from Meghalaya in northeast India practices a matrilineal system, which is believed to be more egalitarian than patrilineal systems. The women of the Khasi tribe are often regarded as having a higher status than other women in India. However, despite belonging to a matrilineal society, Khasi women still face challenges in their social lives stemming from patriarchal constructs. This qualitative study examines the social status and subsequent challenges faced by Khasi women in contemporary India. Using in-depth interviews and observations of thirty urban and rural Khasi women in the East Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya, the study reveals how Khasi women experience contradictory and challenging roles, relationship dynamics, and gender stereotypes in their lives. More studies should examine the problems and challenges that Khasi women face in their society despite the benefits of a matrilineal system. 2026 Bridgewater State College. All rights reserved. -
HEART FAILURE DETECTION USING OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHMS
Heart failure (HF) remains a significant global health challenge, requiring early and precise detection to improve clinical outcomes and reduce mortality rates. Traditional diagnostic approaches often fail to capture the complexity of HF pathophysiology, necessitating advanced computational methods for accurate prediction. In this study, we propose a novel optimized Stacked Support Vector Machine (S-SVM) framework, integrating multiple SVM classifiers with diverse kernel functions to enhance predictive accuracy. A genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to fine-tune hyperparameters, ensuring model robustness and generalizability across patient populations. The model is rigorously evaluated on the UCI Heart Failure Clinical Records Dataset and the Framingham Heart Study Dataset, demonstrating superior performance in accuracy (95.7%), precision (0.90), recall (0.87), and AUC (0.96) compared to conventional machine learning techniques. The proposed system effectively balances computational efficiency with clinical interpretability, making it a promising tool for early-stage HF detection and risk stratification. This research advances the intersection of machine learning and cardiovascular diagnostics, offering a scalable and adaptive solution for real-world healthcare applications. Little Lion Scientific. -
Building a sustainable brand in textile industry
The textile industry is at a pivotal moment where integrating sustainability into brand strategies is not merely an ethical obligation but a competitive necessity. This study highlights three key approaches-adoption of circular economy principles, implementation of blockchain technology for supply chain transparency, and the use of innovative, sustainable materials-that are shaping the future of sustainable brand development in the textile sector. -
The DREAMS Outbound Leadership Training (DREAMS OLT) for Psychosocial Empowerment Among Youth and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
DREAMS Intervention Program is a three-year curriculum program for schools and Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs), aimed at developing psycho-social leadership skills through mentoring intervention. Its triangulated model connects Schools (under-served students), Universities (youth mentors), and Community (senior leaders) to transfer knowledge, experiences, and leadership skills as tools for social change. Outbound Leadership Training (OLT) is a key instrument in achieving DREAMS' goals. DREAMS OLT is an experiential program to develop higher leadership skills and build effective teams by mentoring children and teens in various DREAMS chapters. Mentor training is ongoing, developing psychosocial competencies through project execution. DREAMS OLT refines these skills with structured, activitybased experiential learning. Integrating sustainability into education advances a holistic approach to developing professional skills and leadership among youth. Such skills help the youth to deal with complex worldly challenges. Initiatives such as DREAMS OLT enable the transformation of SDG frameworks into meaningful action by nurturing responsibility, innovation, collaboration and community engagement. Education and youth leadership are critical drivers of long-term social transformation. DREAMS OLT supports SDGs: 4 (Quality Education), 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), 17 (Partnership for the Goals), 3 (Good Health and Well-Being), and 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities). This paper explores how DREAMS OLT applies these SDGs through experiential, mentoring-based leadership development and psycho-social empowerment of youth. 2026 RESTORATIVE JUSTICE FOR ALL.