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USB and wireless mouse with left thumb scroll /
Patent Number: 350151-001, Applicant: Sanjay Rastogi. -
USB and wireless mouse with left thumb scroll /
Patent Number: 350151-001, Applicant: Sanjay Rastogi. -
USB and wireless mouse with left thumb scroll /
Patent Number: 350151-001, Applicant: Sanjay Rastogi. -
USB and wireless mouse with left thumb scroll /
Patent Number: 350151-001, Applicant: Sanjay Rastogi. -
Usage of social media in education: A paradigm shift in the Indian education sector
The pandemic is anticipated to have a significant economic impact, and it already has a terrible effect on schooling worldwide. Due to the coronavirus's quick spread, educational institutions worldwide are making the drastic leap from delivering course materials in person to doing so online. The rapid use of digital technology represents a significant paradigm change that may ultimately transform the Indian educational system. The COVID-19 scenario provides an opportunity to test new tools and technology to make education more relevant for students who cannot travel to campuses. With online learning and evaluation, there is a chance to increase knowledge and productivity while acquiring new skill sets and expedited professional talents. In this chapter, the authors have examined the educational difficulties and opportunities brought on by the sudden COVID-19 epidemic, followed by a discussion of how the Indian educational system has to be recalibrated. Copyright 2023, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. 2023 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Usage of online educational courses by undergraduate engineering students in Karnataka
Increasing availability of low-cost technology has enabled many students to use online courses to supplement their studies. The emergence of MOOCs (Massively Open Online Courses) has also brought about a great revolution in the teaching and learning methods. In case of Indian students, since most of the online courses available are not customized according to the syllabus, the students do not find them completely useful. In this case, Massively Empowered Classrooms (MEC) provides curriculum based video lectures and quizzes to students free of cost. The students are able to gain a good understanding of the subject and also score well in exams. This paper is based on an exploratory study conducted to analyze the usage of online courses and MEC by the undergraduate engineering students in Karnataka, India. The paper also describes some expectations from students and teachers to improve the reach and impact of online education. 2013 IEEE. -
Usage data for predicting user trends and behavioral analysis in E-commerce applications
Reviewing and buying the right goods from online websites is growing day by day in todays fast internet environment. Numerous goods in the same label are available to consumers. It is thus a difficult job for consumers to pick up the correct commodity at a decent price under different market conditions. Therefore, it is important for owners of online shopping websites to better understand their customers needs and offer better services. For these reasons, the access log documented a vast amount of data related to user interactions with the websites. This access log therefore plays a key role in predicting user access trends and in recommending the best product to consumers. This research work therefore focuses on one such methodology for evaluating the pattern and behavioral analysis of users in e-commerce websites. Copyright 2021, IGI Global. -
Usability Evaluation and Classification of mHealth Applications for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using MARS and ID3 Algorithm
The rapid growth of mHealth applications for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients self-management has motivated the evaluation of these applications from both the usability and user point of view. The objective of this study was to identify mHealth applications that focus on T2DM from the Android store and rate them from the usability perspective using the MARS tool. Additionally, a classification of these mHealth applications was conducted using the ID3 algorithm to identify the most preferred application. The usability of the applications was assessed by two experts using MARS. A total of 11 mHealth applications were identified from the initial search, which fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The usability of the applications was rated using the MARS scale, from 1 (inadequate) to 5 (excellent). The Functionality (3.23) and Aesthetics (3.22) attributes had the highest score, whereas Information (3.1) had the lowest score. Among the 11 applications, mySugr had the highest average MARS score for both Application Quality (4.1/5) as well as Application Subjective Quality (4.5/5). Moreover, from the classification conducted using the ID3 algorithm, it was observed that 6 out of 11 mHealth applications were preferred for the self-management of T2DM. 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. -
Us and India: Emerging offshore balancing in Asia
The US and India have become closer in recent times. Compared with the last century, the relationship between the two countries is in steady growth. Under both the Bush and Obama administrations, and now the Trump administration too, India is receiving significant importance in US strategic policy toward the IndoPacific. Indias emergence as a credible power in the Indian Ocean region has brought both countries much closer. The relationship has also steadily progressed as result of Chinas emergence as a potential hegemon in Asia. The US faces difficulty in maintaining its preponderant position across the IndoPacific and requires strong allies in the region to help share the burden. In this regard, India could be the offshore balancer in Asia to counter Chinas emergence as a potential hegemon in the region. 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
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Urbanization, Carbon Emissions, and SDG Aligned Strategies for Sustainable Cities
With the rapid growth in urbanization, carbon emission has emerged as the major challenge. Urban areas are a major contributors of global carbon emissions with transportation, factories and construction sectors contributing to the majority of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Urbanisation also demands excessive energy and creates pollution. Many prior studies have reported the direct relationship between rapid urbanization and an increase in carbon emissions. This chapter aims to highlight the carbon emission related challenges to o the urbanization and actions to address those challenges. Further, this chapter also outlines various SDGs aligned strategies to reduce the carbon emissions due to urbanization and suggests policy actions to adopt green technologies that resulted in the level of carbon footprint. It provides important insights into low-carbon transportation systems, smart waste management system and green digital infrastructure to reduce the carbon footprint in the urban area and help achieve SDG7, SDG9, SDG11, and SDG 15. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Urbanization and the impact on economic development
Urbanization is a global trend that has both positive and negative impacts on economic development. Urban areas are hubs of innovation, investment, and job creation, leading to increased productivity and economic growth. It also brings challenges such as rapid population growth, environmental degradation, and social inequality. Industrialization, closely linked to urbanization, drives economic growth but leads to environmental and social issues. Balancing the benefits of industrialization with sustainable development and social inclusion is crucial. Policymakers ensure that economic growth is shared equitably, and develop environmentally and socially sustainable. Urbanization poses challenges in terms of strained infrastructure, inadequate housing, and social exclusion. These challenges need to be addressed through comprehensive approaches, including investments in infrastructure, education, social welfare, and sustainable urban design. Government, civil society, and private sector partnerships play a vital role in promoting inclusive and sustainable economic growth. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Urbanisation and Quality of Life: A Comparative Assessment between Developed and Developing Countries
It is widely accepted that rapid and haphazard urbanisation of the planet is the most concrete and finite phenomenon of the changes in global human settlement patterns. Urbanisation, like all human-induced modifications, is a response to socioeconomic, political, or environmental circumstances and is marked by an unprecedented concentration of people in urban areas (Davis and Golden 1954, Oteng-Ababio and Agyemang 2012, Zhang 2016). In general, urbanisation depicts the shift from a rural economy, way of life, and culture to an urban one, often referred to as the proportionate expansion of the urban population. This process occurs during globalisation, as people migrate to urban areas for opportunities and a higher quality of life (Davis 1965, Zhang 2016). While the procedure of urban development in developed nations has been extremely sluggish due to industrial and agrarian revolutions, higher incomes, and high living standards. However, developing nations are experiencing rapid urbanisation due to the expansion of their service sectors, rather than industrialisation (Macbeth and Collinson 2002). Davis and Golden (1954) coined the word over-urbanisation to describe the simultaneous existence of urban misery and rural poverty. Raza and Kundu (1978) argued that urban accumulation and unstable urbanisation lead to population concentration in large cities without increasing their economic foundations (Ray 2017). Worldwide, urbanisation is accelerating quickly, with only 2% of people living in cities in 1800 and 15% in 1900. The 20th century saw significant changes, with urban population growth picking up in the 1950s. By 2008, 3.3 billion people lived in urban areas, marking a historical first. By 2030, it is predicted that more than 6 billion people or 69% of the worlds population will reside in urban areas (UNFPA 2007, UN-Habitat 2008, United Nations 2010, UNDESA 2011, Oteng-Ababio and Ernest 2012, Zhang 2016, https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink xlink:href=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/world/agglomerations/">https://www.citypopulation.de/en/world/agglomerations/). The 2011 Global Report of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme highlights the detrimental effects of urbanisation and climate change on social, economic, and living standards of people and human settlements (UNHABITAT 2011, Yu 2014). Nowadays, a sizable portion of this urban population resides in peri-urban areas, making the management of peri-urbanisation one of the most important concerns in 21st-century sustainable urban development (United Nations 2001, Webster 2002, Dayaratne and Samarawickrama 2003, Webster and Muller 2004, Lin 2006, Aguilar 2008, Watson 2009, Zhao 2013). Prior to 1950, developed countries experienced majority of urbanisation due to industrialisation in Europe and North America in the 19th and 20th centuries. Today, this trend continues (Zhang 2016, https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink xlink:href=https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/society/urbanization-in-developed-and-developing-countries-around-the-world/4678">https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/society/urbanization-in-developed-and-developing-countries-around-the-world/4678). Now, urbanisation is causing significant impacts on developing nations, with Asia, Africa, and Latin America predicted to account for 54%, 32.5%, and 6.8% of the global increase in urban population, respectively, with the developing world accounting for 93% of projected urban population growth (Zhang 2016). The largest cities in these nations have instead absorbed the urban growth in the developing world (Diego 2009). According to a 2007 UN survey revealed that 88% of developing countries find urban population distribution unacceptable, and the proportion of nations implementing migration restrictions increased from 44% to 74% (Annez and Buckley 2009, Zhang 2016). 2025 selection and editorial matter, Uday Chatterjee, Avishek Bhunia, Jyothi Gupta and Krishnendu Gupta; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Urban Heat Island in Bengaluru: Built-up Growth and Temperature Trends
Bangalore, once renowned as India's "Garden City"has transformed into a "Silicon Valley"metropolis over the past five decades, experiencing profound environmental changes. This study investigated the direct correlation between the city's extensive built-up area expansion and rising temperatures, drawing upon comprehensive literature and climate data. The analysis revealed a dramatic 1055% increase in built-up areas, from 7.97% in 1973 to 93.3% in 2023.Concurrently, vegetation cover has plummeted by 88% (from 68.27% to approximately 6%), and water bodies have decreased by 79%. These significant land-use alterations have led to notable thermal shifts in the region's climate. Land Surface Temperatures (LST) increased by 7.9 C, from 33.08 C in 1992 to 41 C in 2017, while average air temperatures rose by 0.23 C per decade since 1975.The urban heat island (UHI) effect was pronounced, with an average annual nighttime surface UHI of 0.99 C. A strong inverse relationship between vegetation cover and LST (R =-0.74 in dry seasons,-0.34 in wet seasons) confirms the critical role of green spaces in urban areas. This evidence unequivocally attributes the escalating UHI effect to the rapid, unplanned urban growth of Bangalore, underscoring the urgent need for sustainable urban planning. The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2025. -
Urban Heat Dynamics in Pune: The Influence of Land Cover and Local Climate
Urban areas with high population density and extensive infrastructure development have been experiencing an increasing strain on the local heat budget, leading to a surge in heat-related illnesses and discomfort. This study examined the impact of climate and land use as heat islands in Pune, India, from 2012 to 2023 at six different locations representing varying degree of urbanization. Satellite land cover observations revealed that 55.17% of the total area was urbanized in the city itself, which was limited to 44.8% in 2012. This urbanization has significantly impacted the increasing tendency of maximum temperature (Tmax; 0.13? year?1 to 1.63? year?1) at almost each study site and minimum temperature (Tmin; 0.06? year?1 to 0.23? year?1) at a specific location during night. The mutual effect of land cover changes and meteorological conditions have evidenced the heat islands with varying intensities (2? to 8?) at four of the six sites, with significantly intensifying rates from 0.05? year?1 to 0.39? year?1. The estimation of dominating land cover type for the formation of heat islands demonstrated a significant simple determination (r2 = 0.001 to 0.013) and probability (P < 7.910?13 to 2.330?5) with heat island temperature identifying urban land cover as the primary factor at two sites, while the other two were affected by mixed land covers influenced by local meteorological characteristics. The outcomes of this study offer valuable insights into the development of heat islands in Pune and could guide strategies for alleviating urban heat, ultimately improving climate resilience and thermal comfort citywide. 2025, Binghamton University Libraries. All rights reserved. -
Urban cooling optimization in Ahmedabad: Defining optimal radius for the thermal performance of water bodies and green spaces
Urban water bodies and vegetation are integral components of urban landscapes. They contribute to thermal comfort, providing essential cooling effects that alleviate the impacts of rapid urbanization. The study emphasizes the importance of planning and performance assessment of these landscapes to achieve maximum cooling and extend their influence effectively. It is well-documented that urban vegetation and water bodies reduce local temperatures which can be evaluated through various landscape indices suggesting that the shape and configuration of these areas greatly impact their cooling capabilities and influence. To explore this further, a spatio-temporal analysis focusing on Land Surface Temperature (LST) is conducted by using high-resolution satellite imagery in 39 water bodies and 130 dense vegetation sites in Ahmedabad, Gujarat to identify thermal patterns and assess the cooling performance of landscape features. The analysis aimed to understand the relationship between temperature changes and the radius of landscape sites leading to the identification of the Radius of Saturation (R_sat) which is the maximum distance around a water body or green space where its cooling effect is most effective. The results indicated that the R_sat is 150 meters for water bodies and 130 meters for dense vegetation. These radii mark the points at which further increases in size do not significantly enhance the cooling effect, signifying the saturation point for thermal influence. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). -
Urban coastal resilience - An assessment
Increase in the urban area leads to the increase of impervious surfaces which is stressing urban watershed balance resulting in issues like urban flooding in cities around the world. Coastal urban areas experience the pressures of a higher water table which contributes to the rising urban flooding issues of the area. Urban resilience as a concept was developed in cities across the world which includes multiple strategies to cope with the impacts of climate change in cities by integrating engineering and ecological measures. Urban resilience for urban flooding aims to achieve the water balance of an area by balancing the increase of impervious surfaces using ample green and grey infrastructure. This paper aims to understand and evaluate the effectiveness of urban resilience measures implemented in coastal cities worldwide. 2023 Author(s). -
Upskilling and Curating the Potentials of IoT Enabled Smart Cities: Use Cases and Implementation Strategies
The reason for opting the Internet of Things in the smart city system was to manage assets, resources and services efficiently and improve the operations across the city. This will be achieved by the inception of cognitive technologies, including the Internet of things (IOT). The IoT enabled Smart cities enables the utilities for improving transportation and accessibility, improve social services, promote sustainability, and give its citizens a voice. However, the barriers to smart cities are siloed, piecemeal implementations, growing expectations, uninformed citizens and shrinking budgets and little or no investment capital. Smart streetlights, lighting adapts to the activity on the street. Parking sensors provide real time information on an app where to find vacant parking spaces. Garbage sensors and automated waste collection are recent eras of smart cities. Overall it improves the operational efficiency and provides better quality of service. Thus, India thought of IoT enabled Smart cities which include housing, schools, offices and retail. In this paper, we examine significant aspects of an IoT infrastructure for smart cities, outlining the innovations implemented in the cities of India as use cases and Implementation Strategies. Exceptional attention is devoted to the potential applications of smart cities. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Uprooted and Under Pressure: Exploring the Links Between Globalization, Environmental Issues, and Mental Health in Diasporas
Globalization has both good and bad effects. Among its positive impacts, it has caused a revolution in the environment leading to a major crisis. Quick growth in industry and cities has harmed nature, wildlife, movement of people across the globe, and their health. The damage to our planet and changing weather have put global health and life at risk. Current studies clearly show how the environmental crisis hurts peoples health through polluted air, food scarcity, and unsafe water. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the impact of globalization and the environmental crisis on peoples minds and communities. Globalization-induced changes have led to an environmental degradation and several mental and social problems. According to the World Migration Report (2019) 3.6% of all people on Earth are migrants from other countries, which is about 281 million people. These groups that reside away from their home countries are more vulnerable to dangers resulting from changing world politics, increased conflicts, lack of natural resources, and economic hardships in a new country. Sometimes governmental policies may also push these groups to the side lines. This may limit their access to various services leaving them exposed to the effects of environmental crises. Additionally, a lack of social support, money troubles, and the loss of social and cultural identity can worsen these issues. This can make it harder for them to fit into their new societies and also affect their mental health. The present chapter aims to review the current research to highlight the challenges that diaspora and migrant communities face as a result of environmental crises caused by globalization. It not only focuses on the resulting mental and social stresses but also provides suggestions for policy and treatment. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Upper domatic number of regular graphs
A partition ? = {V1, V2, , Vk } of the vertex set V (G) of a graph G = (V, E) is an upper domatic partition if Vi dominates Vj or Vj dominates Vi or both for all Vi, Vj ? ?. The maximum order of an upper domatic partition of G is called the upper domatic number D(G) of G. In this article, we determine the upper domatic number of 4-regular graphs. We also find the upper domatic number of 5-regular graphs with girth at least five and determine the upper domatic number of the complements of cycles. 2021 the authors.