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Numerical study of thermal performance in a circular pipe using angle plate inserts directed in horizontal and vertical directions
A novel type of angle plate inserts (APIs) was designed to improve the convection heat transfer in a circular pipe. In the present work characteristics of heat transfer, flow resistance, and overall thermo-hydraulic performance of turbulent airflow in a circular tube fitted with APIs were investigated at the Reynolds numbers range of 6000-18000 through numerical simulation. Our main attention was paid to the effects of the APIs with forward or backward arrangements, and the angle plates with various inclined angles (? = 30, 45 and 60) inserted in the circular tube for a constant pitch of 0.03 m. The results show that the Nusselt number is augmented by 2.39-4.63 times (Nu = 124.25-239.76) as that of the smooth tube. The value of performance index (PI) lies in the range of 1.34-1.63, which demonstrates that the angle plate insert has a very good overall thermo-hydraulic performance. The numerical results obtained were compared with those from plain tubes of published data and empirical relations. The maximum increases in Nusselt number for the inclined forward angle plate insert were 1.34 to 1.5 times and, while those for the backward angle plate insert were 1.46 to 1.63 over the plain tube, respectively. The friction factor ( f ) resulted in an increase of 4.28-23.12 times in case of forward arrangement and 8.09-31.76 times in case of backward arrangement. In addition, the use of the angle plate insert strip with backward arrangement leads to better overall enhancement ratio than that with forwarding arrangement around 8% to 9%. 2018 Pushpa Publishing House, Allahabad, India. -
Experimental investigation of turbulent flow behavior in an air to air double pipe heat exchanger using novel para winglet tape
Double pipe Heat exchangers are some of the important equipment which is seen in a variety of industrial applications. In the current study a new type of insert, namely Para-Winglet Tape inserts are investigated for thermal and flow behavior from Reynolds number 6000 to 30000. The Para-Winglet Tape inserts are investigated for three sets of pitches and para-inclinations. The inclusion of para-winglet tape on the tube has intensified the turbulent kinetic energy and has resulted in recirculation in-between the inserts. The arrangement of the para-winglet tape has proved their worthiness over the plain tube. The highest Nusselt number was obtained for Case9 at Reynolds number 30000 with an enhancement of 407% and the least was obtained by Case7 at Reynolds number 6000 with an enhancement of 88% compared to plain double pipe heat exchanger. The highest friction factor was obtained for Case3 at Reynolds number 30000 with an enhancement of 846% and the least was obtained by Case7 at Reynolds number 24000 with an enhancement of 286% compared to plain double pipe heat exchanger. The maximum and minium performance optimization index value of 2.69 and 1.09 was achieved for Case9 and Case1 at Reynolds number 30000 and 6000. 2020 The Author(s). -
A study of airfoil flap deflection angle using cfd simulation techniques
This research aims with the advent of advancements in the evaluation of liquids and gases, Computational Fluid Dynamics technique has found widespread applications in various fields including aerodynamics. The wing is an important aerodynamic feature that has seen modifications in recent years to suffice the growing need for a greater maximum lift coefficient (CL). Existing designs make use of greater lift gadgets such as flaps and slats these are enhancers of the lift force and are at large used as attachments on the main wing body. This project investigates the 4 digit NACA 2412 airfoil improved using a 5 digit NACA 24012 Fowler flap. The two airfoils are set at particular angles to each other with an overlap and gap distance. Optimization of the flap deflection angle ?flap, the horizontal gap, and overlap between the flap and wing is simulated using CFD tools and the obtained coefficients of lift and drag experimentally validated to determine the optimum model configurations. It is noted that the coefficients of lift and drag increase to a certain point as the flap deflection angle increases. However, beyond a certain angle, CL drops. This new multi-element wing configuration will find its applications in low-speed aircraft used for general aviation and to reduce the need for longer runways. TJPRC Pvt. Ltd. -
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Alkali-activated bricks made with mining waste iron ore tailings
In India, the enormous growth in the housing sector has put tremendous pressure on construction materials such as bricks. Conventional brick production methods include fired bricks and cement blocks. However, conventional methods significantly contribute to environmental carbon emissions and therefore alternative brick production methods have caught the attention of several researchers. Furthermore, the waste generated in various industries can be a useful resource for the construction industry, and in particular, voluminous waste is generated during the beneficiation stage of iron ore concentrate, which can be integrated into the construction industry to achieve sustainable practice. With this quest in mind, this study proposes the utilization of mining waste iron ore tailing (IOT) in alkali-activated bricks. For this purpose, six different brick compositions were synthesized with fly ash, GGBS, and IOT along with Na2SiO3 sol. The raw materials were characterized using various techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and particle size analysis (PSA). Furthermore, a series of standard tests were conducted on the developed bricks to evaluate their strength and durability properties. The developed bricks have presented a maximum compressive strength of 18.45 MPa and minimum water absorption of 12.6%. Besides, the alkali-activated bricks have shown excellent resistance to brick ageing which was attributed to improvement in the microstructure of bricks due to the filling up of voids with products of the polymeric reaction. Finally, it was interesting to notice that with 8% Na2SiO3 as an alkaline activator and with the combination of fly ash and GGBS more than 50% IOT can be utilized to produce good quality bricks at ambient curing conditions. 2022 The Authors -
Compressed unfired blocks made with iron ore tailings and slag
Growing demand for houses in urban India has increased the requirements for construction materials such as clay fired bricks and cement blocks. At the same time, conventional practice of brick manufacturing is not environment friendly due to high energy consumption and CO2 emissions during various stages of its production. Therefore, recent trend in research has been directed towards utilization of various industrial wastes and methods, which emerge as sustainable alternatives for environmental concerns arising in the construction industry. This study focused on utilizing mining waste, namely iron ore tailing (IOT) in development of stable blocks. It has reported various properties of compressed unfired blocks formed by IOT and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) in varying proportions and with a fixed amount of lime. The combination of GGBS and lime was found to be suitable in stabilizing IOT towards block production. Furthermore, a maximum compressive strength of 7.7 MPa was achieved for blocks after 28days of air curing. Also, the addition of GGBS has reduced the water absorption and apparent porosity of the IOT blocks, confirming the positive interaction between IOT, GGBS and lime. It also indicates the prospective of blended binders in improving the compactness of the blocks, which will have direct influence on the durability and service life of the blocks. Finally, the results show that most of the developed blocks satisfy the requirement of IS 1077 specification and can be used in various applications such as load and non-load bearing walls, framed structures, foundations and pedestrian walkways. 2022 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license. -
Use of waste foundry sand in precast concrete paver blocksa study with belgaum foundry industry
The current study was undertaken at CHRIST (Deemed to be University) in Bangalore to investigate the potential of using waste sand from Belgaum foundries as fine aggregate in the production of precast concrete paver blocks. Concrete paver blocks were manufactured as per the recommendations of IS 15658:2006. M-35 grade of concrete with block thickness of 60mm was considered as the design parameter. Waste Foundry Sand (WFS) and ground-Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) were replaced for manufactured sand and cement, respectively. WFS replacement rates were 15, 30, and 45% by weight of the manufactured sand, and that of GGBS was 30% constant by weight of cement. Obligatory performance tests were conducted as per Indian standards, which included compressive strength, water absorption, and abrasion resistance. Accordingly, paver blocks with 45% WFS showed satisfactory results and can be considered into non-traffic to light-traffic category, which finds application in places like building and monument premises, paths and patios, landscapes, public gardens, and parks. Cost comparison of conventional paver blocks with WFS paver blocks showed approximately 4.8% reduction in the cost of paver blocks containing 45% WFS. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2020. -
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Using Ensemble Model to Reduce Downtime in Manufacturing Industry: An Advanced Diagnostic Framework for Early Failure Detection
The fourth industrial resolution marks a significant shift that uses emerging technologies such as intelligent automation, extensive machine-to-machine communication, and the internet of things (IoT) to modernize conventional manufacturing and industrial methods. The examination of vast data gathered in modern industrial facilities has not only greatly leveraged artificial intelligence (AI) tools but has also driven the development of innovative technologies. In this context, a novel framework for predictive maintenance in the production sector is introduced in this research, which depends on an ensemble model. First, a set of input features are collected from sensors. Then, data normalization technique is applied to standardize and prepare data for further analysis. These normalized input features are then used to train an ensemble classifier. In the ensemble model, multilayer perceptron (MLP), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), and support vector machine (SVM) are serve as base classifiers. Efficacy of the designed framework is validated using predictive maintenance dataset. Results demonstrated that the proposed ensemble model exhibited improved accuracy compared to individual base classifiers. The results further demonstrated that the implemented model had superior efficiency compared to the other benchmark models. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Amit Kumar Tyagi, Shrikant Tiwari, and Gulshan Soni; individual chapters, the contributors. -
A comprehensive review on application of atomic force microscopy in Forensic science
The primary objective of forensic investigation of a case is to recognize, identify, locate, and examine the evidence. Microscopy is a technique that provides crucial information for resolving a case or advancing the investigation process by analyzing the evidence obtained from a crime scene. It is often used in conjunction with suitable analytical techniques. Various microscopes are employed; scanning probe microscopes are available in diverse forensic analyses and studies. Among these, the atomic force microscope (AFM) is the most commonly used scanning probe technology, offering a unique morphological and physico-chemical perspective for analyzing multiple pieces of evidence in forensic investigations. Notably, it is a non-destructive technique capable of operating in liquid or air without complex sample preparation. The article delves into a detailed exploration of the applications of AFM in the realms of nanomechanical forensics and nanoscale characterization of forensically significant samples. 2024 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine -
SECURE DOMINATION IN TRANSFORMATION GRAPH Gxy+
In this paper, we characterize graphs for which the secure domination number of the transformation graph Gxy+ is 1 or 2. Also we prove that for any connected graph G with at least 4 pendant vertices, the secure domination number is greater than or equal to the secure domination number of the transformation graph G-++. We also find a bound for the secure domination number of G-+ when G is a tree. 2024 Jangjeon Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences and Physics. All rights reserved. -
Data Encryption and Decryption Techniques Using Line Graphs
Secure data transfer has become a critical aspect of research in cryptography. Highly effective encryption techniques can be designed using graphs in order to ensure secure transmission of data. The proposed algorithm in this paper uses line graphs along with adjacency matrix and matrix properties to encrypt and decrypt data securely in order to arrive at a ciphertext using a shared-key. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Ideal co-secure domination in graphs
A set S ? V of a graph G = (V, E) is a co-secure dominating set if for every u ? S, there exists v ? V \ S such that uv ? E and (S \ {u}) ? {v} is a dominating set of G. The minimum cardinality of a co-secure dominating set of G is the co-secure domination number and is denoted by ?cs(G). In this paper we initiate the evaluation of a domination parameter known as the ideal co-secure domination and is defined as follows: A set D ? V is an ideal co-secure dominating set of a graph G = (V, E) if for every u ? D and for every v ? V \ D such that uv ? E, (D \ {u}) ? {v} is a dominating set of G. The minimum cardinality of an ideal co-secure dominating set of G is the ideal co-secure domination number and is denoted by ?ics(G). We look to determine the ideal co-secure domination number of some families of standard graphs and obtain sharp bounds. We also provide the conditions necessary for the trees to have ideal co-secure domination number equal to n - 2. 2020 Author(s). -
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Automated neurological brain disease detection in magnetic resonance imaging using deep learning approaches
A neurological type of brain disease called multiple sclerosis (MS) impairs how well the nervous system is able to function efficiently and causes people to experience visual, sensory, and problems with movement. Multiple methods of detection have been proposed so far for diagnosing MS; among them, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has drawn a lot of interest from healthcare providers. The ability to quickly diagnose lesions related to MS depends on a fundamental understanding of the anatomy and workings of the brain that MRI technology provides doctors. Using an MRI for diagnosing MS is tedious, time-consuming, and prone to human error. In the present investigation, lesion activity involves preprocessing and segmentation of the MS images from two time points using deep learning approaches. 2024 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Optimising QoS with load balancing in cloud computing applying dual fuzzy technique
Cloud computing has become a necessity when the internet usage has increased drastically. This research paper objective is to optimise quality of service in cloud computing using dual fuzzy technique. With the competition to provide the best quality service at cloud data centre, we are analysing the parameters of average response time, average completion time, average CPU utilisation and job success. Cloud-sim simulator along with the mathematical model is used to provide reliable and valid result. To achieve the best result, the load in data centre needs to be efficiently distributed, so that it is managed to process maximum service requests with the best service response time and very few failures. In this paper, we applied dual fuzzy technique for the load balancing in the cloud data centre and the findings were extensive and support the proposed technique. With this technique, cloud computing service provider can provide better quality service. Copyright 2021 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
An analysis of load balancing algorithms in the cloud environment
The emerging area in an IT environment is Cloud Computing. There are many advantages of the computing but unfortunately, allocation of the job request effectively is a trouble. It requires lots of infra structural commitments and the quality inputs of the resources. Also, in the cloud computing environment, Load Balancing is an important aspect. Efficient load balancing algorithm helps the resource to have optimized utilization with the proper dissemination of the resources to the cloud user in pay-as-you-say-manner. It also supports ranking the job request based on the priority with the help of scheduling technique. We present the various types of Load Balancing Techniques in the different platform of Cloud Environment specified in SLA (Service level Agreement). 2016 IEEE. -
Workflow Scheduling Using Heuristic Scheduling in Hadoop
In our research study, we aim at optimizing multiple load in cloud, effective resource allocation and lesser response time for the job assigned. Using Hadoop on datacenter is the best and most efficient analytical service for any corporates. To provide effective and reliable performance analytical computing interface to the client, various cloud service providers host Hadoop clusters. The previous works done by many scholars were aimed at execution of workflows on Hadoop platform which also minimizes the cost of virtual machines and other computing resources. Earlier stochastic hill climbing technique was applied for single parameter and now we are working to optimize multiple parameters in the cloud data centers with proposed heuristic hill climbing. As many users try to priorities their job simultaneously in the cluster, resource optimized workflow scheduling technique should be very reliable to complete the task assigned before the deadlines and also to optimize the usage of the resources in cloud. The Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering. -
An integration of big data and cloud computing
In this era, Big data and Cloud computing are the most important topics for organizations across the globe amongst the plethora of softwares. Big data is the most rapidly expanding research tool in understanding and solving complex problems in different interdisciplinary fields such as engineering, management health care, e-commerce, social network marketing finance and others. Cloud computing is a virtual service which is used for computation, data storage, data mining by creating flexibility and at minimum cost. It is pay & use model which is the next generation platform to analyse the various data which comes along with different services and applications without physically acquiring them. In this paper, we try to understand and work on the integration model of both Cloud Computing and Big Data to achieve efficiency and faster outcome. It is a qualitative paper to determine the synergy. Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2017. -
Multi-view video summarization
Video summarization is the most important video content service which gives us a short and condensed representation of the whole video content. It also ensures the browsing, mining, and storage of the original videos. The multi- view video summaries will produce only the most vital events with more detailed information than those of less salient ones. As such, it allows the interface user to get only the important information or the video from different perspectives of the multi-view videos without watching the whole video. In our research paper, we are focusing on a series of approaches to summarize the video content and to get a compact and succinct visual summary that encapsulates the key components of the video. Its main advantage is that the video summarization can turn numbers of hours long video into a short summary that an individual viewer can see in just few seconds. Springer India 2016.