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Navigating turbulence: how economic policy uncertainty shapes tourism firms cash strategiesa global analysis
This paper investigates the strategies employed by tourism businesses to handle cash flow in the face of economic policy uncertainty. The study examines data from 1260 firms in 18 countries over a span of 15 years. The findings indicate that there is considerable variation among corporations when it comes to their use of liquidity, with the average corporation holding approximately 13.5 per cent of its total assets in liquid form. The analysis provides evidence that economic policy uncertainty has a positive and significant relationship to cash holdings in the tourism sector. These findings suggest that corporations increase their liquidity buffers in response to higher levels of policy uncertainty. Sectoral analysis also reveals that the sensitivity to policy uncertainty can vary significantly from one sub-sector to another. Ultimately, indicating varied factors that can lead to the differentiatingeffect of EPU on liquidity management of the tourism firms. 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Navigating uncertainty: how do parenting and grit influence career indecisiveness among Indian emerging adults?
This paper examined how perceived parenting styles (permissive, authoritative, and authoritarian) influenced career indecisiveness among Indian emerging adults, with grit as a mediating factor. A total of 420 Indian emerging adults (18-25 years) were administered self-reported questionnaires. Both PROCESS mediation analyses and path analysis using SPSS AMOS were computed. Both parents authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles predicted career indecisiveness. The passion component of grit emerged as a significant mediator, as supported by the PROCESS mediation analysis. These findings offer new methodological and practical insights, highlighting the significance of culturally relevant career counseling interventions, integrating both familial influences and noncognitive traits. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025. -
Navigating uncertainty: The role of governance in shaping corporate innovation and investment amid policy uncertainty
This analysis explores the complex relationship between innovation, uncertainty, and governance, demonstrating the impact of different types of uncertainty on corporate innovation and investment strategies. Utilizing a panel dataset comprising 548 publicly listed non- financial companies from 2003 to 2023, this study elucidates the varying impacts of economic policy uncertainty, climate policy uncertainty, and geopolitical uncertainty on corporate decision- making. The results demonstrate that economic policy uncertainty and geo- political uncertainty adversely affects corporate innovation, leading companies to frequently reduce their innovative efforts in times of economic instability. On the other hand, CPU has a positive impact on corporate investment, showcasing how companies adjust their strategies to capitalize on opportunities presented by changes in policy and geopolitical factors. Firms that implement strong governance structures exhibit enhanced resilience and adaptability, successfully managing uncertainties while promoting strategic investments. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Navigating uncharted desires: a qualitative inquiry into bicurious identity conflicts among young women in 21st-century post-colonial India
Bicuriosity, often considered a fluid space of sexual identity questioning and same-gender exploration, is frequently framed as a transitional phase, especially in heteronormative cultures. This study focuses specifically on young Indian women, whose experiences are shaped by both heteronormativity and gendered expectations that intensify identity conflict and social scrutiny. Using reflexive thematic analysis, this qualitative study examined the narratives of twelve urban women aged 1825 who self-identified as bicurious. Four key themes were constructed: Wrestling with Ambiguity and Self-Doubt, Encountering Invalidation and Monosexism, Journey Towards Self-Validation, and Finding Strength in Community. Participants described emotional turmoil arising from limited representation of plurisexual identities, fear of marginalisation, and cultural expectations of heterosexuality. Yet, the process of questioning also fostered resilience, self-acceptance, and the pursuit of affirming spaces, often online. The study emphasises how cultural collectivism, familial dynamics, and gender shape identity navigation and advocating for inclusive, gender-sensitive interventions in post-colonial India. 2026 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Naxalism in India: The Challenge of Child Soldiers and its Remedy
This article focuses on Naxalism, a form of communism, in India, investigating the impact on children of growing up in Naxal-affected areas and the often-overlooked issue of child soldiers in India. It also highlights the various laws, treaties and constitutional provisions in India concerning children and makes suggestions for ways of tackling the problems of child soldiering and Naxalism that can ensure more inclusive and harmonious growth and development in these regions. 2020 Melbourne University Law Review. All rights reserved. -
NDC Pebbling Number for Some Class of Graphs
Let G be a connected graph. A pebbling move is defined as taking two pebbles from one vertex and the placing one pebble to an adjacent vertex and throwing away the another pebble. A dominating set D of a graph G = (V, E) is a non-split dominating set if the induced graph < V ? D > is connected. The Non-split Domination Cover(NDC) pebbling number, ?ns(G), of a graph G is the minimum of pebbles that must be placed on V(G) such that after a sequence of pebbling moves, the set of vertices with a pebble forms a non-split dominating set of G, regardless of the initial configuration of pebbles. We discuss some basic results and determine ?ns for some families of standard graphs. 2024 the Author(s), licensee Combinatorial Press. -
Necessary toolkit
The 2025 UGC notification and the proposed caste survey, one offering legal legitimacy, the other empirical clarity, are both necessary -
Need for an Evolved Groundwater Justice in Rural Areas of Uttar Pradesh, India
As groundwater is the primary element of life, countries all over the world are experimenting with legal reforms. The degree to which law reforms combine justice and sustainability is a crucial question. In response to this question, the present article focuses on a case study of Uttar Pradesh, India. Our response is based on a content analysis of the Uttar Pradesh Groundwater (Management and Regulation) Act, 2019, and the Uttar Pradesh Groundwater (Management and Regulation) Rules, 2020. Three conclusions emerged from our investigation. First, the 2019 Groundwater Act and the 2020 Draft Groundwater Rules are primarily motivated by concerns about resource sustainability, particularly in areas where the water table is steadily declining. Still, neither the 2019 Groundwater Act nor the 2020 Draft Groundwater Rules propose any proactive groundwater justice measures. Second, we suggest that some locally defined basic elements are critical in supporting sustainability and to a lesser extent groundwater justice. These characteristics include a communitys ability to (1) recognize a crisis and show a willingness to address it; (2) establish a rule-bound community groundwater resource; (3) demonstrate leadership and a sense of community; and (4) make use of awareness, information, and knowledge. Our third conclusion is that there is a need for community practices and state-led groundwater law to co-evolve; this co-evolution has the potential to create groundwater arrangements that support both groundwater justice and sustainability. 2024 Technoscience Publications. All rights reserved. -
Need for an Innovative Method for Second Language English Learners with Special Reference to Syntax and Grammar
Educational Quest Vol. 3, No. 2 pp. 183-192, ISSN No. 0976-7258 -
Need of integrated care model for positive childbirth experience in Indian maternity care services
BACKGROUND: Integrated care (IC) models are an emerging trend in healthcare reforms worldwide, especially in the maternal healthcare system. This research focuses on the scope of an integrated model for intrapartum care of women and explores the experience of birth under two intrapartum care modelsbiomedical and midwifery models, respectively. The term positive childbirth experience (PCE) is a concept defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the recommendations on intrapartum care for a PCE. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This study is convinced to employ a qualitative approach to explore how birth is experienced by women under maternity healthcare services in Kerala. A semi?structured interview was conducted to tap into the lived reality of birthing of sixteen first?time mothers (primipara) aged between 20 and 30 years under these two models. Furthermore, five participants have been specifically interviewed after their vaginal birth after a C?section (VBAC) experience. To achieve a systematic cross?case thematic analysis, systematic text condensation (STC) has been employed as a data analysis method. RESULTS: Four main categories were identified through the analysis as follows: (1) information and knowledge, (2) confidence, (3) quality of care, and (4) health?promoting perspective. These central themes evolved from 11 subthemes. CONCLUSION: The data analysis reveals both negative and positive experiences under two care models. It emphasizes the urgent need to reframe the biomedical?focused care model and adopt an integrated approach that aligns with the global intrapartum care model proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2018 and the definition of IC mentioned in the paper. 2024 Journal of Education and Health Promotion. -
Negative consumer engagement via food delivery applications: A real concern for generation Z?
The traits of Generation Z are notable for how they define and reshape themselves in the 21st century. The current study investigates the factors that Generation Z users consider when deciding on a food application. The respondents in the current study were divided into working and nonworking groups, and the results imply that since college students are still supported financially by their parents or guardians, their main concerns are higher discounts, prices, and quantities. An in-depth and semistructured questionnaire was addressed to both groups of 15 respondents belonging to Generation Z. The stakeholders who would benefit from this research would primarily be online delivery restaurants, food application developers, academic researchers, and Generation Z cohorts. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Negative Domination inNetworks
We introduce s-domination in signed graphs which is based on the number of negative edges between the dominating set and its complement. The s-domination in both the positive and negative homogeneous signed graph will be studied for each value of s. As a special case, the properties of s-domination in sum signed graphs will be analyzed. The maximum value of s for a graph for which the s-domination exists is identified. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Negative-Valent Palladium-Stabilized CoPdN Thin Films as a Catalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
The urgent global demand for sustainable energy drives the search for durable and efficient electrocatalysts for water splitting. Cobalt mononitride (CoN) stands out due to its earth abundance, high conductivity, and corrosion resistance, but its thermodynamic instability often results in cobalt-rich secondary phases. Here, we report a scalable reactive cosputtering approach for the controlled synthesis of CoN thin films, along with palladium (Pd) incorporation to enhance activity and stability. Pd doping induces a negative valence state and promotes electron transfer from nitrogen to Pd sites, thereby refining the microstructure, redistributing charge, and shifting the d-band center away from the Fermi level. These synergistic effects reduce the overpotential from 470 to 360 mV at 10 mAcm2 in a sample coated on the ITO substrate and deliver markedly improved long-term OER stability with increased catalytically active sites. The turnover frequency showed nearly twice the intrinsic activity with Pd doping. This work establishes Pd-doped CoN as a high-performance, durable electrocatalyst, offering a scalable pathway toward efficient water splitting technologies. 2025 American Chemical Society -
Negotiating Inclusion: Minority Institutions and Constitutional-Legal Dimensions in India
The chapter Negotiating Inclusion: Minority Institutions and Constitutional and Legal Dimensions in India is based on the premise that special provisions for inclusion of minority groups were one of the contested topics that have been negotiated in India since independence. The present chapter critically explores the two main sites of negotiation: Constituent Assembly Debates and the cases involving the question of minority rights to culture and education as adjudicated by the Indian courts. In doing so, the paper undertakes an examination of the logic of state recognition and reservations, voiced by nationalist leaders and members of the Constituent Assembly, who were apprehensive that the provisions on minority accommodation may not be compatible with Indias secular credentials. Constitutional provisions, specifically the fundamental rights embodied in Articles 29 and 30 were further debated and re-interpreted by the High Courts and Supreme Court. Further on, the issue of minority accommodation led to the establishment of institutional mechanisms in India, one such institution being the National Commission for Minority Educational Institutions (NCMEI)-a recent addition in the series of negotiating spaces of the religious and minority communities in India. A thorough examination of the functioning of the NCMEI, an institution which remains understudied, may inform new avenues into thinking about the sites of minority rights negotiations in India, given the shifting ideological positions at the national level. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
Negotiating Memories of Trauma in Kazuo Ishiguros A Pale View of Hills
Kazuo Ishiguros debut novel A Pale View of Hills (1982) resembles other twentieth-century novels in emerging out of what Anne Whitehead calls the three interrelated contexts of postmodernism, postcolonialism and a postwar legacy, which allows authors to set family stories in a broader, universal, and historical context (Whitehead 81). In the novel, Etsuko, a survivor of the Nagasaki bombing, recalls her traumatic experience of migrating to England following the fatal bombing on August 9, 1945. The novel focuses on the feelings of guilt and trauma associated with Etsukos escape from a difficult life in post-World War II Nagasaki to a more comfortable life in Britain to avoid raising her child in the aftermath of the atomic destruction. The public trauma and shock of the nuclear attack on Nagasaki form the backdrop for Etsukos personal narrative. Although the bomb does not injure the characters in the novel, the aftermath of this catastrophic event affects their lives profoundly. Kazuo Ishiguros A Pale View of Hills is a memory narrative of Etsuko, the protagonist, in conversations with her younger daughter Niki in England. The novel shows Etsuko recalling her past life in Japan in a desperate attempt to come to terms with her older daughter Keikos suicide. Her meditations take her back to her past in Japan, where she had developed a short friendship with Sachiko and her disturbed daughter Mariko. Etsukos dubious narration that exposes several parallels between her life and her friend Sachikos life indicates the possibility of Etsuko and Sachiko being the same person. The chapter discusses how the novels narrative strategies act as a coping mechanism for the displaced Etsuko, who endures the traumatic experience of migration. Etsukos indeterminate and ambiguous narration reflects the complexity and elusiveness of the act of migration, which disrupts her sense of identity and leaves her torn between her past and present self. The chapter shows how Etsukos confessions of her failing memory paradoxically make her seem more reliable. The chapter also discusses how Ishiguros novel, through Etsukos recollection of traumatic memories, calls attention to the emotional and psychological ramifications underlying the process of migration that not only makes migrants doubtful about their initial decision to migrate but also forces them to re-evaluate that decision constantly. Engaging with trauma and memory studies theorists such as Dominick LaCapra, Cathy Caruth, Maurice Halbwachs, Astrid Erll, Birgit Neumann, and Ansgar Nning, the chapter depicts how Etsukos discontinuous narrative, which permits her to redirect her trauma of Kiekos suicide to a self-constructed story, has a therapeutic impact on her psyche. Finally, the chapter argues that though the novel centers around an incident of historical significance, its modernity lies in its depiction of the trials of a life in exile and the psychological complexity induced by the act of abandoning ones homeland and starting a new life elsewhere. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Srirupa Chatterjee and Sharada Chigurupati; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Neo-X: Portable advanced audio technology /
Patent Number: 202241051890, Applicant: Moloy Biswas.
As time changed audio technology rapidly developed at a fast pace. Even with the advancing technology, all portable earphones seem to offer a specified feature. Customers have to invest in different types of earphones and headphones based on the device setting and features they require. Our product Neo-X headphones bring different features for different occasions or contexts. Whether in a gymnasium, hiking, bicycling or listening to music on a flight, these earphones provide a premium sound quality. Currently, there are a wide variety of earphones and headphones available in the market. -
Neonatal Hypoglycemia in the Newborn of a Diabetic Mother: Risk Factors in Prediction and Management
Among the metabolic complications, neonatal hypoglycemia remains the most common complication, especially among infants of diabetic mothers. This paper is to briefly review landmark research studies aimed at assessing the prediction of neonatal hypoglycemia with consideration of maternal glucose monitoring, cord blood C-peptide, and HbA1c biomarkers together with advanced AI-based models. This becomes significant in reviewing the pathophysiology of neonatal hypoglycemia, clinical risk factors, and treatment strategies in view of the predictive value of both the mother and the newborn. Maternal diabetes type, gestational age, and neonatal BMI are some of the risk factors to be evaluated. The rapidly growing role of AI in clinical practice would also be discussed. In addition, an individualized management approach might be advocated to improve the outcome of the newborn by employing appropriate clinical tools coupled with AI-based predictive models. 2026 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved. -
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NET ZERO TRANSITION TOWARDS DECARBONIZATION IN CONTEXT OF ENERGY SECTOR
The study provides an identification and analysis of potential enablers that facilitate transition towards net zero in the energy sector through Multi Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) framework. The identified enablers and causal relationships between them in terms of decarbonization initiatives are studied using the DEMATEL method and combining trapezoidal fuzzy numbers (TFNs). The research design involves an overarching review of thirteen potential enablers to net zero transition within the energy sector, in order of their impact and causality. Top-ranked enablers that would have the greatest impact in achieving the energy transition were carbon pricing mechanisms, waste-to-energy conversion, decentralized energy systems and circular procurement policies. The research indicates that the enablers show causal pathways that are interconnected and can take place as both causes and effects in the decarbonization framework. Application of DEMATEL method using TFNs increases the strength of causal relationship derivation. The study adds to the literature on enabling net zero transition in energy and highlights the importance of a conceptual approach involving a combination of policy, technology and principles of the circular economy. Such lessons can guide policy makers, industry players and academics in planning and speeding up the process to sustainable energy systems and world climate targets. 2026 Sciendo. All rights reserved. -
Network Based Detection of IoT Attack Using AIS-IDS Model
In recent days Internet of Things attained more familiarity. Although it is a promising technology, it tends to lead to a variety of security issues. Conventional methods such as IoT ecosystem based solutions were not suitable to give dilemmas to the system. A new system model called adaptive and intelligent Artificial Immune System (AIS) imitates the process of human being an immune system that consists of eligible properties of this varying environment. Therefore, it enhanced IoT security. Conventionally classifiers such as Random Forest Classifier, Recurrent Neural Network and K-nearest neighbours are used to classify the signals as normal or abnormal and predict malicious attacks. But unfortunately, these classifiers generated a high false alarm rate. Thus, a framework with maximum accuracy and minimum false alarm rate was required. In this work, the AIS model adopts the benefits of the Hopfield Neural Network (HNN) for classification. HNN classifier has a fixed weight, as it cannot be changed for its backpropagation property. This work optimally selects the fixed weight using Fast- Particle Swarm Optimization (F-PSO) and helps to enhance the accuracy of the HNN classifier. This classifier model then differentiates IoT attacks with a high detection rate and normal signal. Three datasets are taken to execute the proposed model and define its accuracy. The proposed Artificial Immune system using HNN for Intrusion Detection System (AIS-IDS) model exhibits 99.8% accuracy for the first dataset and minimum error value. The false alarm rate was minimized using danger theory and its high activation function; thus, the false alarm rate was minimized by up to 8% more than previous classifiers. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.