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ML Use in Fraud Detection in the Financial Sector
Detecting fraud is complex, requiring analysis of vast data over time, making it resource- intensive for human investigators. This chapter explores key forms of financial fraud, including those involving corporations, banks, and insurance sectors. It provides a thorough evaluation of various machine learning techniques, such as supervised and unsupervised learning, deep learning, and ensemble methods, used to detect and prevent these financial crimes. The chapter examines the effectiveness of algorithms like LR, DT, SVM, and NN in identifying complex fraud patterns. Additionally, it discusses advanced approaches like anomaly detection, clustering, and real- time fraud detection systems. It highlights ongoing challenges and proposes potential future developments, including explainable AI, federated learning, and improved data processing techniques. This comprehensive exploration aims to deepen the understanding of machine learning's role in fraud detection and guide future research toward more effective and reliable fraud prevention strategies. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Employee relations: a comprehensive theory based literature review and future research agenda
This study aims to conduct a systematic and integrative literature review to consolidate the extensive information on employee relations accumulated over the past century, thereby offering new insights into domain-specific phenomena. The research followed a four-phase search strategy in accordance with the Scientific Procedures and Rationales for Systematic Literature Reviews (SPAR-4-SLR) protocol. The keyword search utilized terms such as 'employee relations,' 'employee relation,' 'employment relation,' and 'employment relations' in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. By employing an integrative approach along with specific inclusionexclusion criteria, the researchers synthesized articles from leading journals in the field of employee relations, categorizing them based on geographical region, article types, prominent authors and their affiliations, and the most cited research articles. In the final stage, the researchers presented new insights through a conceptual framework utilizing the ADO-TCCM approach, which encompasses antecedents, outcomes, theories, context, methodology, mediators, and moderators of employee relations. This study synthesizes findings and reorganizes key themes into innovative frameworks, providing fresh perspectives on various aspects of employee relations. Ultimately, it offers valuable insights into the critical factors that strengthen long-term employee-employer relationships. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Sentiment analysis of sentences used in Indian local languages using Transfer Learning
The growing number of online communication channels has led to a dramatic increase in the volume of user-generated content across all media. Sentiment analysis is given more force by having access to these varying perspectives and feelings. Due to a lack of standardised labelled data, sentiment analysis becomes much more difficult. The goal of sentiment analysis is to determine, from a text sample, an individual's likely emotional reaction to a given event or point of view. When estimating the tone of a text, polarity analysis is commonly used. Negative, Positive and neutral are the labels used by sentiment classifiers. This chapter provides a framework for effective sentiment analysis of sentences from four local language datasets, including Hindi, English, Bangla, and Marathi, using transfer learning. The results show that the BERT model achieves a high level of accuracy when evaluated using random forests, nae Bayes, and decision trees. 2026 -
Human capital challenges in sustainability start-ups
Sustainability start-ups face unique human capital challenges (HCCs) like lack of brand awareness, competition, turnover, burnout, limited growth opportunities, resources, and expertise gaps. This mixed-methods research chapter examines strategies to address these challenges, surveying 200 start-ups and interviewing 20 CEOs and HR managers. Findings advocate for investment in brand awareness, unique benefits, positive work environments, professional development, and transparent career paths. Effectiveness varies based on start-up needs, but HCCs significantly impact performance. Prioritizing talent attraction, retention, and development is crucial for sustainability start-ups. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Sustainable pathways: Aligning business with the SDGs
This book is an essential resource for students, researchers, scholars, businesses, and professionals looking to integrate sustainability into business practices. It explores the critical role businesses play in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and offers actionable strategies to help organizations navigate global challenges like climate change, inequality, and resource management. This book breaks down complex sustainability concepts into practical insights, covering key topics such as aligning business strategies with the SDGs, adopting circular economy models, responsible sourcing, and the impact of renewable energy. Through real-world case studies and best practices, readers gain valuable knowledge on how to make sustainability a core part of business operations, driving both societal progress and long-term profitability. Whether you are studying sustainability, leading corporate social responsibility initiatives, or developing innovative business models, this book provides a roadmap for building a sustainable, resilient, and thriving organization. With a focus on collaboration, innovation, and transparency, this book shows how businesses can lead the charge toward a more equitable and sustainable future. Ideal for academics, business leaders, and sustainability practitioners, this book serves as a comprehensive guide to making meaningful progress toward the SDGs, offering both inspiration and practical tools in creating a positive impact on the world. 2025 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. -
Exploring Narrative Constructions of Market Sentiment: A Systematic Literature Review of Media Influence on Financial Behaviors and Economic Outcomes
This systematic literature review (1990-2024) of 120 peer-reviewed articles addresses a gap in understanding how media discourse shapes market sentiment through narrative mechanisms. Employing PRISMA guidelines, the study synthesizes the influence of linguistic framing, behavioral pathways, and systemic feedback loops on financial behaviors and macroeconomic outcomes. Findings indicate media both reflects and molds sentiment, disproportionately impacting non-expert investors and influencing algorithmic trading. The review proposes a narrative resilience framework to mitigate destabilizing discourse, bridging behavioral economics, communication, and computational social science. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
A deep understanding of virtual reality's role in human resource management, with a specific focus on recruitment
In a rapidly evolving recruitment landscape, virtual reality (VR) emerges as a transformative tool for human resource management (HRM). This chapter delves into the profound impact VR can have on attracting, assessing and onboarding talent. Furthermore, VR services have been already included in other areas where it has been shown its essence to be useful for those industries. The current study explores how VR simulations can provide immersive experiences, allowing candidates to virtually step into the workplace and interact with potential colleagues and tasks. This fosters a deeper understanding of the role and company culture, leading to better-matched hires and improved candidate experience. This chapter also examines the potential of VR for skills assessments, offering a more realistic and engaging evaluation process compared to traditional methods. Finally, this study discusses the challenges and considerations for integrating VR into HRM practices, ensuring a successful implementation of this innovative technology in the realm of recruitment. 2025 The Authors. All rights reserved. -
Does Political Marketing Require Customer Value? Conceptualization, Dimensions, and Research Agenda
The Purpose of the Study is to examine the Political Marketing (PM) with regard to its Different Conceptualizations and Dimensions toward the Customer Value. Through an extensive literature review, the study has drawn meaning and dimensions of PM, and based on the literature, the study was able to conceptualize the meaning of Customer Value in the realm of PM. The study was able to address that PM in developing economies, as suggested in this paper, may be constrained by secrecy, lack of secondary data, and the relevance of this study depended on the leaders appearance and constant presence in social forums. Conceptualization and dimensions of the study are dependent on the executive social presence-based studies that have been incorporated for the study. Future studies can move forward and use an empirical design in which a leader serves as a stimulator to drive engagement. In conclusion, the study offers practical recommendations for researchers and practitioners, underlining the need for empirical validation and the creation of frameworks sensitive to contextual differences. Future inquiries, including longitudinal and cross-cultural studies, are recommended to further clarify the role of customer value in the evolving landscape of PM. 2026 The authors. -
Customer Acceptance of Sustainable Fintech Innovation: A Study from an Indian Customer Perspective
Financial technology, or FinTech, aims to simplify and enhance financial services. FinTech is frequently referred to as financial technology. The customers day-today financial operations, processes, and existence are all significantly impacted by the financial transactions that they engage in. Although there has been a notable rise in the literacy rate among Indian consumers in the last 20 years, financial literacy seems to still be in its nascent phase. Hence, the research investigates the determinants that impact the adoption of FinTech services, which include a range of societal, ecological, and environmental advantages. This research presents a comprehensive model that expands on the TAM model by including reported relief as a mediator and perceived ease of use as an independent variable. The study also takes into account consumer acceptance as the dependent variable. Through quantitative approaches, a total of 253 responses have been collected from Indian citizens from online chatrooms and financial education sites. A Google Form link has been shared with the students and participants in these online chatrooms. After some time had passed, the quantitative data were evaluated using SmartPLS by employing the approach of partial least squares. The research findings indicate that consumers perception of the usefulness and alleviation provided by sustainable fintech services greatly influence their overall adoption of these services. The research conducted a moderation analysis utilizing the PLS-MGA technique to determine whether generation, Gen Z or Gen Y, had a significant moderating impact and shown more willingness to use FinTech services. Eventually, the research offered practical recommendations for managers to provide suitable, dependable, and enduring services to clients at a fair price that aligns with their needs and eventually enhances their psychological well-being. 2025 Scrivener Publishing LLC. -
Leveraging AI and digital solutions to enhance sustainability in green and blue economies
This research explores how digital solutions, including artificial intelligence (AI), drive sustainability in terrestrial (green) and aquatic (blue) economies. By examining case studies and technological implementations, it highlights the potential and challenges of digital innovations, particularly AI, in promoting environmental sustainability, economic growth, and social well-being. The study covers the current state of green and blue economies, digital interventions like smart agriculture, renewable energy, marine monitoring, and sustainable fisheries, and their impacts. The research uses both qualitative and quantitative methods, gathering data through interviews, surveys, and literature. Results will provide success stories, challenges, and best practices, offering recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders. The study aims to contribute to the theoretical and practical understanding of how digital technologies, especially AI, can advance sustainability in these economies, with future research directions identified. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Indias Recent Free Trade Agreements and Alcohol Control: Implications for Public Health and SDG Commitments
Background: India accounts for 20% of the worldwide deaths due to alcohol use, and alcohol use among adolescents and young adults is on the rise. In May 2025, the Government of India negotiated Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with the United Kingdom (UK), the European Union (EU) and a proposed agreement with the United States of America (USA), stipulating sweeping reduction in alcohol tariffs. This paper reviews the public health implications of such reduced tariffs under the FTAs. Materials and Methods: Existing evidence on the public health burden of alcohol use, along with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Government of India policies on alcohol control, and published information on the proposed FTAs, is reviewed. Result: No level of alcohol consumption is safe. Alcohol use disorder affects roughly 9% of Indian men. Extensive legal and constitutional safeguards are available for alcohol control in India. Taxation is one of the most cost-effective interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm. Reduction in alcohol tariffs proposed under the recent FTAs is inconsistent with Sustainable Development Goal 3, WHO policy guidelines, and national legal and constitutional framework for public health and alcohol control. Conclusion: Given the public health burden of alcohol use and Indias commitment to domestic and international alcohol control policies, it must keep cheap imports of alcohol out of the FTAs with the UK, the EU, and the USA. 2026 Indian Journal of Community Medicine. -
PRODUCTIVITY LOSS LINKED TO NON-COMMUNICALE DISEASES ACROSS SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILES: EVIDENCE FROM SEDENTARY OCCUPATION EMPLOYEES DURING COVID-19
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly transformed work dynamics, leading to a notable shift towards remote work, particularly for those in sedentary roles. This change has been linked to a heightened risk of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), many of which stem from lifestyle-related factors. Such health challenges can adversely affect productivity in the workplace, causing both absenteeism and presenteeism. AIM: This study examines the costs of presenteeism and absenteeism related to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) across socio-demographic variables. METHODS: Using stratified and purposive sampling, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 426 employees in sedentary occupations in the Delhi-NCR region. Productivity losses from presenteeism and absenteeism were assessed using the WHO HPQ Questionnaire. Additionally, the General Linear Model (GLM) was utilised to analyse the relationship between loss productive time (LPT) costs associated with presenteeism and absenteeism across disease categories and socio-demographic factors. RESULTS: Employees diagnosed with 'NCDs Category I', 'NCDs Category II', and those with 'comorbid' conditions were estimated to lose between 40 and 48 workdays each year. Absenteeism accounts for a greater portion of productivity losses than presenteeism in all disease categories. Comorbidities contribute to the most significant losses, with costs surpassing those associated with CDs by INR 51.78 thousand (932.04 AUD) for presenteeism and INR 226.47 thousand (4,076.46 AUD) for absenteeism. Additionally, every extra year of education corresponds to an increase of INR 4.96 thousand (89.28 AUD) in costs related to LPT due to presenteeism and a reduction of INR 15.68 thousand (282.24 AUD) in absenteeism-related LPT costs. CONCLUSION: The research indicates that NCDs, particularly in the presence of comorbid conditions, have a substantial effect on workplace productivity. Notably, individuals with higher levels of education and Income exhibit elevated presenteeism costs, which may be attributed to the influence of remote work arrangements. Conversely, absenteeism rates appear to be lower among highly educated employees in similar settings. 2026, Australasian College of Health Service Management. All rights reserved. -
Hybrid Machine Learning Models for Crowdfunding Success Prediction
Crowdfunding has become a viable option for founders and entrepreneurs as an alternative source of funding, where individuals can access a large pool of supporters to fill the funding gap. There are a variety of reasons why it is difficult to predict if crowdfunding project will be successful. As such, types of projects, duration of the campaign, target funding goal, and overall supporter activity are constantly changing. This research, therefore, aims to explore, the use of machine learning for predictive models that quantitatively leverage the historical records of projects on kickstarter, in order to find the success probability. In order to analyze the predictive ability for campaign success, was used a combination of machine learning models - Logistic Regression, Random Forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, and Decision Trees - the models that had the greatest precision were Decision Tree (99.91% acc), and LightGBM (99.90% acc) hence why they were selected. In addition, this research demonstrates how feature selection coupled with ensemble learning can significantly increase predictive potential by providing valuable information for campaign builders, platform operators, and investors who are undertaking crowdfunding projects. These findings indicate that predictive modelling can support campaign design, promote investor trust, and enhance credibility for crowdfunding platforms, through uncovering fraud. Additional measures measuring social media interaction or sentiment analysis could be incorporated to provide information for better predictive models. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Journey toward Internet of Bio-Nano Things: evolution, trends, and future challenges
The Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT) is a pioneering vision of embedding biological components into the existing network of interconnected nanodevices to create sophisticated webs of nano-scale biological and artificial components. This framework extends the conventional Internet of Things architecture to include biological components to facilitate new relationships between artificial nano-scale devices and biological systems. IoBNT enables unprecedented functionalities in healthcare, environmental monitoring, agriculture, and food protection through multiple communication channels, including molecular communication, THz-band electromagnetic nanocommunication, acoustic nanocommunication, and FRET-based nanocommunication. Nonetheless, there are still many issues to be solved in the areas of nanonetwork implementation, bio-cyber interface development, big data analytics, security, energy harvesting, and biocompatibility. Some of the potential countermeasures to security risks include device hardening, cryptographic mechanisms, external device delegation, intrusion detection, and hardware-based solutions. Although IoBNT presents a great prospect for change across various sectors, there is a need for more research to resolve technical, biological, and security issues so that it can be adopted in real life. 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.. -
Analyzing the Vulnerability of Cyber-Attacks in IoMT Devices Using Generative AI
The rapid expansion of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) gadgets has revolutionized healthcare delivery allowing for real-time monitoring and better patient outcomes. However, this growth has also brought about cybersecurity risks making IoMT devices targets, for cyber attacks. This study delves into the connection between Generative AI and IoMT security emphasizing how advanced AI methods can be used to pinpoint, assess, and address vulnerabilities in these devices. We explore uses of Generative AI, such as simulating cyber-attacks and creating models for future threats to strengthen the resilience of IoMT systems against emerging dangers. By examining existing literature and case studies we showcase the effectiveness of AI-driven strategies in bolstering healthcare cybersecurity. Our results highlight the need for innovation in security measures to protect medical information and uphold the reliability of healthcare services. Ultimately this research contributes to discussions on enhancing cybersecurity protocols in the healthcare industry by advocating for integrating Generative AI as a tool, in combating cyber threats targeting IoMT devices. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
A Study on the Efficacy of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Stacking in Machine Learning
This study addresses the crucial issue of early and accurate plant disease diagnosis by comparing the performance of homogeneous and heterogeneous stacking models. The study seeks to introduce a novel homogeneous multi-layered stacking model that combines the Light Gradient Boosting Method (LightGBM) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) for plant disease detection and compare it with a heterogeneous stacking model that employs diverse classifiers. While traditional methods typically use basic stacking techniques, this research explores the complexities of various model architectures. By leveraging the strengths of both LGBM and XGB classifiers, the approach aims to deliver a highly accurate and efficient disease detection system. A comprehensive evaluation reveals that the homogeneous stacking model achieves superior performance, with a ROC AUC of 85.12%, compared to 83.09% for the single LGBM model. The study utilizes metrics such as AUC-ROC curves, accuracy, and precision-recall curves to assess performance. Future work will focus on integrating these models with real-time monitoring systems and extending their applications to a wider range of crops and environmental conditions. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Chemistry and Biological Activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Flowers
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is one of the underutilized plants of the Malvaceae family, used for its nutritional and medicinal properties. Its native range spans central Africa, including the Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Nigeria, and South Sudan, and naturalized globally. Traditionally, flowers are used as a food, either consumed fresh or prepared into various recipes. Flowers are also used in the preparation of beverages, fermented and herbal drinks, ice cream, jam, wine, cakes, puddings, chocolates, sauce, soup, and stew. The medicinal properties of the flowers are due to the presence of a wide array of bioactive compounds, such as anthocyanins, flavonoids and their glycosides, phenolic acids, terpenoids, alkaloids, coumarins, organic acids, vitamins, and fatty acids. A total of 78 secondary metabolites belonging to different phytochemical groups mentioned above have been identified in the flowers. The activity of H. sabdariffa flowers against hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cancer and tumours, oxidation, obesity, microbial infection, inflammation, and anaemia is reported extensively. The present chapter summarizes the distribution of H. sabdariffa and traditional uses, bioactive compounds, and pharmacological activities of its flowers. Further, the toxicological studies concerning flowers were also discussed. 2026 Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy. -
Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Lumnitzera racemosa Willd.
Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. is a mangrove plant with a broad distribution, spanning from the coastal regions of East Africa to Southeast Asia, New Guinea, and Australia. Various parts of this plant have been traditionally used to treat a wide range of ailments, including infertility, asthma, diabetes, snake bites, and skin conditions, such as herpes, pruritus, scabies, sores, leprosy, and thrush. The therapeutic properties of L. racemosa are believed to be due to its diverse bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, lignans, phenolics, sulfur-containing compounds, tannins, terpenoids, and glycosides. A literature review has identified 101 distinct compounds isolated from this plant, many of which have demonstrated significant biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive effects. In addition to these, extracts from L. racemosa exhibit anti-allergic, anti-angiogenic, anticoagulant, antimalarial, and larvicidal properties. This review highlights the traditional uses of the plant, the bioactive compounds isolated from it, and their pharmacological properties. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Impact of green banking 5.0 on financial performance of banks in India: A sustainability perspective
Green banking 5.0, a modern concept in the financial industry, involves integrating environmental and social considerations into traditional banking practices. This chapter explores the structure of green banking and products. A sample of 20 Indian banks, 10 private sector and 10 public sector banks, will be used for analysis. Financial statements, annual reports, and Reserve Bank of India bulletins for the 2022-2024 period will be taken into consideration, assessing the impact of sustainability on profitability by taking key variables such as corporate social responsibility (CSR) funds, non-performing loans (NPLs), ATM installations into account to assess their impact on bank performance, measured by return on assets (ROA). It also examines how the RBI is guiding banks towards this greener path. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, investors, and banks seeking to navigate the evolving landscape of sustainable finance. This chapter contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of green banking in shaping the future of banking sector in India. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Potential health, environmental implication of microplastics: A review on its detection
Microplastic contamination of terrestrial and aquatic environment has gained immense research attention due to their potential ecotoxicity and biomagnification property when enterer into food chain. Heterogenous nature of microplastics coupled with their ability to combine with other emerging pollutants have increased the severity of this crisis. Existing detection methods often fails to accurately quantify the amount of microplastic components present in environmental and biological samples. Thus, a great deal of research gap always exists in our current understanding about microplastics including the limitations in screening, detection and mitigation. This review work presents a comprehensive out look on the impact of microplastics on both terrestrial and aquatic environment. Furthermore, an in-depth discussion on various microplastic detection techniques recently used for microplastic quantification along with their significance and limitations is summarised in this review. The review also elaborates various physical, chemical and biological methods used for the mitigation of microplastics from environmental samples. 2024 Elsevier B.V.