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Functionalities and Approaches of Multi-cloud Environment
Cloud computing is a paradigm that envisions fast access to any resources from anywhere at any time with the most significant advantages of enabling an intuitive environment that offers plethora of services to mankind. The exponential increase in technological advances has been an advantage for the growth of cloud computing. The advancement in technology has enabled the shift in organizations from using a single cloud toward multi-cloud strategy. Multi-cloud uses multiple services from various cloud vendors which has been advantageous in several ways. Multi-cloud strategy has been designed to enable a hybrid mode for the organizations with ample security and savings in cost. This chapter gives an overview of multi-cloud computing and the security issues with respect to cloud computing. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Fungal-based synthesis to generate nanoparticles for nanobioremediation
Nanotechnology has gained immense popularity with its innumerable biological agents, which are replacing toxic chemicals with an advanced technique for reducing and stabilizing nanoparticles (NPs). Fungal nanotechnology has represented exceptional technique in this area, owing to its nontoxicity, eco-friendly nature for fungal NPs, and nanostructure synthesis by reducing enzymes using either intracellular or extracellular techniques. Further, ease lies in the scale up-and downstream process owing to the increased surface area of the mycelial cells. Fungi and yeast are highly potential secretors of extracellular enzyme, grow fast, and are simple to maintain. Biogenic fungal NPs have been applied in the field of industry, agriculture, medicine, and other sectors too, and are used as bioremediators, drug delivery, biosensors, MRI, medical imaging, cancer therapy, etc. Mycoremediation can serve as a facilitator in bioremediating the toxins by immobilizing or inducing the synthesis of enzymes. Fungal NPs have shown an effective and efficient clean-up of the environment from the chemical pollutants and heavy metals, reducing total time consumption and total cost reduction. Fungal species of A. flavus and T. harzianum have shown promising crude oil degrading abilities with silver NPs at a very low concentration. Other fungal species used as resources for metal NPs that have been useful as bioremediators include Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Verticillium. The Author(s), 2023. All rights reserved. -
Future Inclusive Education
The United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) ensure inclusive and equitable quality education for promoting lifelong learning. Inclusive education fosters an environment for access to quality education by addressing diversity and barriers that can cause exclusion. COVID-19 has reimagined Higher Education with new challenges and opportunities for the present and future. Digital divide, gender inequality, addressing specially-abled students, and a non-inclusive learning environment are the major barriers to inclusive education. Inclusive education ensures that no one leaves behind, and higher education institutes can enhance their capacity building to promote inclusivity for the common good. Employability is one of the key concepts in higher education that builds the workforce and contributes to nation-building. With COVID-19, nature of work has seen radical changes; hence, graduate attributes have evolved with the 21st-century skills. The chapter emphasizes the role of inclusive education and reimagining higher education with suggestions to using existing strategies in life-long and futuristic inclusive learning. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023, corrected publication 2024. -
Future Perspectives of Microplastic towards Environmental Assessment
Microplastic (MP) pollution is an outcome of the widespread use of non-biodegradable plastic and improper disposal. This leads to contamination of environmental resources, such as landfills, and all kinds of water reservoirs including but not limited to sea, fresh water, drinking water, and even wastewater. Recent reports have highlighted the presence of MPs in the human body, including blood, lungs, placentas, and breast milk, indicating the severity of the issue. It is thus crucial to eliminate these hazardous contaminants from the environment. One of the effective methods to address the concern while reducing the adverse effects is to remove the MPs at their discharge points. Nanomaterials with exceptional properties like high surface area, ease of functionalization, and high affinity toward various pollutants act as excellent adsorbents. In this chapter, we present an overview of emerging nanomaterial-based adsorbents, such as photocatalysts, metal-organic frameworks, carbon-based nanomaterials, and nanocomposites, for effective removal of MPs from aqueous media via adsorption, photo-catalysis, and membrane filtration. However, considering that the research in the area of MP pollution is still in its infant stage, we aim to provide a brief account of the strengths, weaknesses, and future research dimensions of nanomaterial-based adsorbents for removing MPs from aqueous media. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Nirmala Kumari Jangid and Rekha Sharma; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Future research directions for effective e-learning
In recent years, with the rapid advancement of technology and the global shift towards digital education, e-learning has gained significant momentum from education sectors. However, there are still several challenges and areas for improvement in the field of e-learning. This work discusses several future research directions that contribute to the effective implementation and enhancement of e-learning in solving real world problems. Also, various components like pedagogical strategies, technology integration, learner support and engagement, assessment and evaluation, accessibility and inclusivity, professional development for educators, quality assurance and accreditation, and ethical and legal issues are explained towards implementation of e-learning. Hence, this chapter explains the effectiveness, accessibility, and inclusivity of e-learning as providing effective educational opportunities for learners globally. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Gamification for industry 5.0 at the core of society 5.0
Gamification has become a popular approach to engage employees, customers, and other stakeholders in various industries. With the advent of Industry 5.0 and Society 5.0, the use of gamification is expected to increase, as companies and organizations look for innovative ways to enhance productivity, creativity, and collaboration. Industry 5.0 is the next phase of industrial development, characterized by the integration of advanced technologies, such as AI, IoT, and robotics, with human skills and creativity. Society 5.0, on the other hand, refers to a human-centered society that leverages technology to create solutions for social problems. This chapter explores the potential of gamification in the context of Industry 5.0 and Society 5.0. It discusses the various applications of gamification, including training, education, marketing, and sustainability. It also examines the benefits of gamification, such as increased engagement, motivation, and collaboration. 2023 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Gamification in Education and Its Impact on Student MotivationA Critical Review
In education, gamification refers to including game characteristics and design ideas in the classroom setting. Over the previous five years, gamification has increased student motivation and academic performance. This study will examine the previous literature to see how gamification will disseminate over time, educational level (from nursery to college), causes, and the most frequently used game elements. A systematic literature review will search interdisciplinary databases for quantitative experimental studies examining educational gamification and providing information on current research lines. According to the findings of a comprehensive research study, gamification can be advantageous at all academic levels, from elementary school to college. Following systematic research, gamified learning can increase students motivation and intellectual accomplishment. Student learning may be made more pleasurable via gamification, which is the first advantage of this type of instruction. When used in the classroom, gamification can assist students who are weak in motivation and performing poorly academically. Because of the diversity of challenges and rewards that gaming parts provide, incorporating gaming elements into the classroom may serve as a motivational tool for students to learn. In the study's findings, students who enrolled in educational gamification courses were shown to be more interested and participatory than students enrolled in regular classrooms, on average. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Gamification in teacher education: Teacher educators and trainee teachers' perspectives in India
Gamification emerged as a teaching-learning pedagogy in recent years. Its usage increased during the Covid-19 lockdown and continued post-pandemic time. Its usage ranges from online to offline tools; teachers lack its awareness as a pedagogy. The present study aimed to understand perspectives of teacher educators and teacher trainees on inclusion of gamification pedagogical training in teacher preparation programmes. The study employed a mixed-method approach and included qual-quant sequential explanatory research design. Researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with six teacher educators and six trainee teachers and collected the opinion of 200 teacher educators and trainee teachers. The study employed inductive thematic analysis and Chi-square analysis for qualitative and quantitative data respectively. Findings revealed six main themes and twelve sub-themes. Chi-square revealed a gender science-stereotype amid association between teacher educators and teacher trainees' opinion. Senior teacher educators did not believe in the importance of gamification inclusion in teacher preparation. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Gamification in Tourism Teaching and Learning: Exploring the Emergent Dimensions
First introduced in 2002 by British Programmer Nick Pelling, the term gamification has gained massive momentum in the last decade with extensive applications in teaching and learning (Hebebci & Selahattin, Current Studies in Social Sciences 2021:174, 2021). In its simplest form, gamification refers to the adoption of principles and design elements of various games in nongame situations (Deterding et al. From game design elements to gamefulness: Defining gamification. In Proceedings of the 15th international academic MindTrek conference: Envisioning future media environments (pp. 915), 2011). Further, the interaction between the students and technological interventions is rising, opening new avenues for innovative strategies like gamification to promote effective teaching and learning (Kapp, The gamification of learning and instruction: Game-based methods and strategies for training and education. Wiley, 2012). In the context of tourism, works of (Nair, B. B. Endorsing gamification pedagogy as a helpful strategy to offset the COVID-19 induced disruptions in tourism education. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 30, 100362, 2022.) and Aguiar-Castillo, Herndez-Lez, De SaPez, and Pez-JImez (Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 27, 100267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2020.100267, 2020) provide insights into the various facets of gamification as a tool for teaching and learning. However, these works hardly address the emerging issues in adoption, implementation, and barriers that have been dealt with in this chapter. Against this backdrop, the first section of this paper ventures into the various implications of gamification in the field of tourism teaching and learning. Next, taking cues from significant land marking studies, this work lists the factors responsible for making gamification an effective teaching and learning tool in tourism. Lastly, attempts have been made to underline the elements that may pose challenges in the path of the rise of gamification as a teaching and learning tool. This work can be primarily classified as a conceptual paper with a systematically drawn inductive approach. Majority of the paper has been drafted based on the review of critical works derived from the search of keywords such as gamification and tourism and teaching and learning on major search engines such as Scopus, Web of Science, and JSTOR. The authors conclude that gamification as a teaching and learning tool in tourism education is still its necesent stages of implementation, and there are an equal number of challenges that need to be addressed before it (gamification) becomes a mainstream tool in tourism teaching and learning. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2024. -
Garbage Management and Monitoring System Using IOT Applications
The main purpose of this application, in addition to boosting the vision of a smart city, is to reduce humankinds effort and resources while simultaneously enhancing the vision. The squashing of the dustbin will occur on a regular schedule. It will be possible to manage waste more efficiently when these sensible garbage bins are implemented on a large scale and replace our previously designed dumpster, as it eliminates the need for waste to be piled up on the roadside in the first place. When managing the trash containers, wireless sensor systems in networks (WSN) in connection with the IoT technologies are used. On the other hand, sensors are used to monitor the container contents in real-time, with results displayed on the website, and the sensed contents are then evaluated to determine the optimal container distribution. This allows for the processing of a variety of waste types depending on the needs of the customer. As a result of installing ultrasonic sensors in each bin, garbage levels are continuously checked. As a result of this notification, the bin will be cleared. 2023, Bentham Books imprint. -
Gaze and Queer Autonomy? Representations and Possibilities on New Visual Media Landscapes in the Indian Context
Representations of sexuality in Indian mainstream cinema tend to reinforce sexual differences, imbalances, and certain stereotypes that put queer identities in a disadvantageous position. The shift and transition from the monopoly of the state to an era of popular forms of entertainment enabled the centrality of debates on representations and sexuality. The study examines the representations of queerness that flourished on new visual media landscapes such as the OTT platforms Netflix and Amazon Prime Video that engaged in a new dialogue on queer representations and possibilities. The study attempts to analyze Super Deluxe (2019), Made in Heaven (2019) and Ajeeb Daastans (2021), as they become the representative form of cinema that marked the shift and engaged in a new dialogue on queer representations and possibilities. The study reads queer representation in light of the frameworks of gaze and homophyly to understand why they might offer different opportunities for representation and gaze. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Gen z student expectations towards employer attractiveness: An indian perspective
A study was undertaken to determine Generation Z management students' perceptions as to what factors would attract them to seek a career in an organization, and their expectations in this context. Over 330 students from both first- and second- year management programs participated in the self- administered printed questionnaire based on 25- item employer attractiveness scale and included additional items like choosing the top five items from the 25 list. A focus group discussion was also undertaken to determine what the perceived benefit to the students was for each of the 25 items would deliver to them. The study also compared the findings with published research and notes the common factors in terms of employer branding, employee engagement industry studies on work and links to other models like Herzberg's hygiene factors. The results were compared to similar studies conducted in Sri Lanka and Australia and substantive similarities were reported. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Gender-Based microaggressions, impostor phenomenon, and turnover intention among women IT Employees
Microaggressions are everyday verbal, behavioural, or environmental slights that signal hostility towards marginalised groups. Such microaggressions when extended towards women in a workplace can lead to a lasting impact on the health and well-being of the women employees. The professional growth and development also would be hampered, deterring women from climbing ladders of professional success. The present study aims to understand the impact of gender-based microaggressions on women and questions whether such microaggressions can be linked to impostor phenomenon and turnover intention in them. Primary data was collected from 129 women IT employees employed in Bangalore's informational technology sector in four different job positions. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and Kruskal-Wallis Test were used for data analysis. The results show that there are significant and positive relationships between gender-based microaggressions and impostor phenomenon and turnover intention among women IT employees. 2024, IGI Global. -
Generation a: Life perspectives, potentials, challenges and future of neurodiverse stars in India
In India, one in 500 people (Balaji, 2019) are diagnosed with ASD. Around 40 non-governmental organizations cater to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) children; out of that, a few organizations focus on adults providing them vocational training to make them employable. One such exercise was initiated by SAP Labs India, a leading software company, and Enable India, an Indian NGO where they developed a focused training program for people with ASD and placed them in vital technical jobs in SAP Labs India (Karwa, 2016). First, we peek into the lifestyles of a few successful neurodiverse rock stars in India and their journey from becoming aware of their profile to establishing a career and becoming a role model to other people with ASD. Second, we present the autism landscape in India. Third, we explore the organizations that have hired people with ASD, their policies connected to neurodiversity, and the organizations that give training and support. Fourth, we present the potentials and the challenges people with ASD face. Fifth and final, we cover the role of different stakeholders to foster support and up-skill people with ASD for better community development. 2022 by Emerald Publishing Limited. All rights reserved. -
Generative AI and its impact on creative thinking abilities in higher education institutions
Generative AI technologies such as ChatGPT have started gaining increased popularity among higher education institutions. Students, as well as teaching professionals, can utilize these tools for various academic purposes due to the immense benefits they provide by way of customization of data generated and ease of access to data. However, this chapter seeks to analyze how such tools may impact students' creative thinking ability. It also analyses the drawbacks faced by teachers after implementation of such tools. The methodology adopted for the study was two surveys: one administered to gather students' opinions and the other for understanding teachers' perspectives. The analysis of the data collected shows that the over-reliance of students on such generative AI tools might hinder students' ability to think creatively to some extent. The chapter also suggests some of the strategies that can be adopted by teachers to ensure students' capabilities are assessed accurately. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Generative AI-human collaboration in higher education: Applications, challenges, and strategies
The advent of GenAI has brought about substantial progress and prospects in diverse sectors, including education. We are witnessing significant progress in this field of artificial intelligence, with the emergence of chatbots such as ChatGPT and the proliferation of remarkably realistic AI-generated graphics. Generative AI, as an emerging technology, has the potential to bring significant and transformative improvements to education. Generative AI encourages higher education institutions to embrace and utilize the potential of these technologies to enhance several aspects such as student experience, faculty workload, intellectual property, etc. This chapter has explored the application of generative AI in the context of higher education, in light of its increasing prevalence. Although generative artificial intelligence offers a great deal of promise to improve education, the technology is not entirely devoid of difficulties. The chapter also discusses challenges and strategies related to generative AI in higher education. 2024 by IGI Global. -
Genetic Algorithms for Graph Theoretic Problems
[No abstract available] -
Genetic Algorithms for Wireless Network Security
[No abstract available] -
Genetic Diversity of Garcinia gummi-gutta and Sustainable Utilization
The chapter discusses the consequences of using Garcinia gummi-gutta, often known as Malabar Tamarind, sustainably while diving into the complex web of genetic variation inside the crop. Giving a thorough overview, the chapter starts by detailing the botanical and genetic traits of this enigmatic species, revealing the morphological quirks and genetic differences that make it distinct. Examining the range and preferred habitats helps to highlight the ecological niches that are essential to its existence. It delves intently into the complex web of phytochemicals found in various plant parts and explains their range of biological functions. A crucial component of this study is a thorough examination of the techniques used to gauge the genetic diversity of populations of G. gummi-gutta. The assessment of G. gummi-gutta's conservation status indicates that threats to the species genetic richness need to be taken seriously and quickly addressed. The difficulties in attaining sustainable use are examined in detail, offering a comprehensive grasp of the nuances related to overexploitation and conservation initiatives. This study of G. gummi-gutta offers evidence of the complex interplay in the field of botanical resources between genetic diversity, conservation, and sustainable use. 2025 Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy. -
Genetic Modification of Enzymes for Biomass Hydrolysis
Lignocellulose biomass is an economically viable and most abundant energy source. The synthesis of renewable energy-based fuel from lignocellulosic biomass is a replacement for fossil fuel. Cellulases are the biocatalysts that hydrolyze the ?-1,4-glycosidic bond in cellulose to release carbohydrate moieties that can be converted to ethanol, butanol, and other compounds. However, little enzymatic activity and product yield, and thermal stability are hurdles in the deconstruction of lignocellulose. Current progress in synthetic and omics technologies has resulted in several works in metabolic and genetic engineering that have paved the way for efficient conversion of lignocellulose to fuel in the last decades. Several works have attempted to apply genetic and metabolic engineering in the synthesis of stable and highly active cellulases at lower cost. This chapter reviews various genetic engineering technologies for enhancing cellulase synthesis and catalytic efficiency. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Reeta Rani Singhania, Anil Kumar Patel, Htor A. Ruiz, Ashok Pandey; individual chapters, the contributors.