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Identification and standardization of counsellor competencies for master level counsellor education programs in india
Counselling psychology programs in India have been criticized for being poor replicas of newlineconcepts that have originated in western cultures . The lack of Indian models has been quoted as a drawback indicating that trainees are not necessarily competent to provide effective counselling services. The present study aimed at identifying and standardizing competencies for post graduate counsellor training in India based on local needs.The study employed a mixed methods design with four phases. In the first phase, a list of key occupational tasks were drawn up through a systematic review of literature and interviews with three expert practitioners. The second phase was the development of a counsellor competency list which outlined the various competencies required to fulfil the key occupational tasks determined in the previous stage. Seventy one competencies were identified and the list was then given for newlineexpert validation. In the third phase, the competency list was given to 75 practicing newlinecounsellors across India who rated the competencies on a 5-point likert scale, based on its importance for post graduate counsellor trainees. In the final stage the prioritized competencies were analyzed using a concept development approach to identify core competencies required for master level counselling psychology trainees. The resulting core competencies were three foundational competency domains which included ethical practice, personal and professional development and cultural sensitivity. There were also three newlinefunctional competency domains which included the counselling process, the supervision newlineprocess and the promotion of counselling in India. Specific competencies under each domain were also listed along with behavioral indicators for the same. Thus the core competencies that counsellor trainees must develop to provide an effective service were identified and this has implications for training and practice. -
Identification and standardization of counsellor competencies for masters level counsellor education programs in India
Counselling psychology programs in India have been criticized for being ‘poor replicas of concepts that have originated in western cultures’. The lack of Indian models has been quoted as a drawback indicating that trainees are not necessarily competent to provide effective counselling services. The present study aimed at identifying and standardizing competenciesfor post graduate counsellor training in India based on local needs.The study employed a mixed methods design with four phases. In the first phase, a list of key occupational tasks were drawn up through a systematic review of literature and interviews with three expert practitioners. The second phase was the development of a counsellor competency list which outlined the various competencies required to fulfil the key occupational tasks determined in the previous stage. Seventy one competencies were identified and the list was then given for expert validation. In the third phase, the competency list was given to 75 practicing counsellors across India who rated the competencies on a 5-point likert scale, based on its importance for post graduate counsellor trainees. In the final stage the prioritized competencies were analyzed using a concept development approach to identify core competencies required for master level counselling psychology trainees. The resulting core competencies were three foundational competency domains which included ethical practice, personal and professional development and cultural sensitivity. -
Identifying 'Self' Through Society : A Socio-Psychological Perspective of A Song of Ice and Fire
The Socio-Psychological Character Analysis Model (SPCAM) is developed to analyse complex literary characters. It helps readers of Literature understand the characters psyche and behaviour by keeping in mind their social background and influences. To develop the literary model, SPCAM, concepts from two theories are synthesised, which are Symbolic Interactionism (SI) and Cognitive newlineBehavioural Theory (CBT). The common threads between the two theories weave them together, and the complementary threads strengthen the developed model. SPCAM studies how characters make meaning while interacting with themselves and others in the society, while also identifying and evaluating their thoughts and beliefs. Using SPCAM helps the user to systematically extract necessary data newlinefrom the text, tabulate it according to the parameters set by the model, and examine the character s internal and external factors, as provided in the text, leading to a comprehensive review of the character and a character conceptualisation. SPCAM helps the users to substantiate their claims about a newlinecomplex character by helping them be more methodical and thorough. The introductory chapter establishes the need and scope of the research. It reviews the benefits of collaborating with Social Psychology for a literary analysis. After which, it defines the theories merged to build the model. The newlinedeveloped model, SPCAM is then explained in detail. This is followed by the rationale for using fantasy fiction, a brief about the author, George R.R. -
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Identifying the Existing Oral Proficiency Testing Patterns
The research aims to identify the different activities or patterns used for the teaching and testing of oral proficiency. Furthermore, the issues in the assessment of oral proficiency are also analyzed. The data was collected from the English teachers teaching in the selected Aided Kerala State Syllabus Schools in Trivandrum, Kottayam and Pathanamthitta districts from the grades 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th. The present study incorporated an exploratory research design based on a qualitative approach. The sample size consists of eleven teacher participants that were selected based on purposive sampling. The research study was divided into three phases. The phase 1, consists of open-ended questionnaire which were distributed to eleven teachers and the data obtained was categorized into different themes based on the responses from the teacher participants. Phase 2 consists of classroom observations of eleven teachers in which three teaching sessions per teacher and a total number of one thousand two hundred eighty-seven students were observed based on the classroom observation checklist. Moreover, phase 3 consists of interviews among the eleven teacher participants to gain further insights. The findings of the present research based on the analysis of the phase1, phase 2 and phase 3, indicates that the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach is an effective approach to enhance the oral proficiency of the students. Moreover, the teaching and the testing patterns implemented by the school teachers are considered effective as it enables them to teach and to assess the oral proficiency of the students in a systematic manner. The research findings based on the triangulation prove that the use of reading, role play and storytelling are found to be consistent across the three phases and are commonly used by the teachers to enhance the oral proficiency of the students in the English language viii classrooms. Moreover, in the triangulation of assessment of oral proficiency, it has been observed that the activities such as reading and role play are found to be consistent across the three phases and are commonly used by the teachers. Furthermore, regarding the issues in the assessment of oral proficiency, lack of time is considered as one of the issues that is consistent across the three phases. The overall analysis of this research indicates that there is a positive or a parallel impact between the CLT approach and Theory of Knowledge (TOK) on the development of the oral proficiency of the students. The researcher suggests that there should be a standardized assessment tool to test the oral proficiency of the students in order to ensure grading consistency among the test assessors in the Kerala State Syllabus Schools. -
Identity formation and construction of communities among the users of social networking sites
Study of social networking sites and formation of community within the social networking sites is a new topic. Emergence of social networking sites and its impact on the social life is therefore a recent phenomenon. The social networking sites are a common platform for users to come together on the basis of common interest, ideas and opinions. Its existence and relevance is justified by number of factors operating together, such as large user base, radical changes in the process of socialization and impact of social media on our everyday life etc. What makes social networking sites so interesting is the fact that it is user centric. The very foundation of social networking sites was laid to facilitate socialization among the users. India has one of the largest social network user bases especially for social networking sites like Facebook and Orkut. This is even truer for urban centers such as Bangalore, Delhi, Mumbai and Chennai. The use of social networking sites is so common among the youth that it almost seems as though if one is not part of social networking site one does not have any social life. Everything we have in real life gets replicated in the online communities, the good and the bad. Therefore, this study is an attempt to understand how the users are able to come together and form community in the cyberspace. The researcher also attempts to study the impact of the same in the real life and vice versa. Since the advent of social networking sites it has radically changed the way we socialize. This study also looks at how social networking sites and social network analysis emerged. Identity formation is yet another aspect of the study; online identities are very fluid as one has to type themselves into existence. Therefore, the identities people take online are varied and often may be completely different from the reality. This aspect of fluid identity has both positive and negative aspects as we will see later in the thesis. Social media technologies are woven into the very fabric of our social life. As mentioned above are the various aspects of the social networking sites that we are looking into. The dissertation is divided into five chapters, the first chapter introduces one to the topic, along with aims, objectives, need and background of the study, the second chapter consists of the reviewed literature, the third chapter deals with the methodological part of the dissertation as various tools and techniques used in the study are explained, while the fourth chapter is the analysis and interpretation of the primary data collected, it is presented using various bar diagrams and tables, and the fifth chapter brings out the important findings in the study and also in the conclusion chapter. The fifth chapter summarizes all the findings of the earlier chapters. Finally, the dissertation consists of the bibliography list and the questionnaire which was distributed to collect the data. -
Image Encryption and Compression using Embedding Technique
Encryption is used to securely transmit data in open networks. Each type of data has its own features; therefore different techniques should be used to protect confidential image data from unauthorized access. Most of the available encryption algorithms are mainly used for textual data and may not be suitable for multimedia data such as images. For secure transmission, various compression and encryption techniques are proposed to satisfy a fast and secure transmission. However these two techniques must be studied separately. In this paper we propose a method combining encryption and compression based on Embedding and Extracting and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). For encryption, target images are covered with an insignificant image to hide them and it is transmitted to destination. The receiver reconstructs the original images by extracting the insignificant image. For compression process, using DCT the size of transmission can be reduced. Through several computer simulations, the performance of the proposed method is confirmed. -
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Impact of Adoption of Account Aggregator Framework In India
Open banking is closely associated with the Account Aggregator (AA) concept, enabling customers to securely and selectively authorise third-party providers to access their financial information. The AA framework works in tandem to protect client data while facilitating secure data transmission among authorised parties, promoting competition and innovation in the banking industry, and allowing clients to access and use financial services through various channels and platforms. Open banking can increase financial inclusion by allowing third-party developers to access customer data and construct new financial products and services on top of existing bank infrastructure. It can also encourage innovation and competition in the Indian banking sector, which would benefit customers in the long term. Open banking systems face significant challenges, such as weak security, data protection violations, money laundering, and terrorist funding risks. It is crucial to couple the widespread adoption of open banking frameworks with robust data protection and privacy legislation to safeguard customer data and financial information. India is adopting the Personal Data Protection Bill 2019, which proposes establishing a specialized. Data Protection Authority tasked with securing persons' data. Operational and cyber security hazards associated with open banking include data leaks, misuse, falsification, denial of service attacks, and infrastructure failures. To ensure compliance with these laws, financial institutions must implement mechanisms to monitor and manage risks related to open banking. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has developed the Data Empowerment and Protection Architecture (DEPA) to provide secure and privacy-protected access to personal data. DEPA includes data sharing agreements, consent management, and authentication for third-party developers. While unique to India, DEPA shares similarities with the European Commission's efforts to promote open banking and open finance in the European Union through the Payment Services Directive 2 (PSD2). PSD2 mandates that banks across all EU member countries provide API access to third-party payment account information and services. The study highlights the importance of perceived ease of use, trust, and utility in shaping people's attitudes and intentions towards an open banking fram ework. Interestingly, risk has a minimal impact on user adoption. This finding offers valuable insights to developers and marketers, indicating the need to prioritise user-friendly, trustworthy, and effective technologies while mitigating perceived risks to maximise adoption and customer satisfaction. This study attempts to understand better the influence of implementing the Account Aggregator Framework in India, and the sample size chosen comprised clients of the account aggregator framework in India. -
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Impact of advertising slogans as a connecting medium between brands and consumers in India /
Advertising Slogans are short memorable words or phrases used in different advertisement campaigns. These have a lot of Impact on the consumers when they think of buying a product. They are the main means of attraction to an aspect of a product. Advertisers use it as an essential tool for the marketing of the brands. In a way these help in connecting people irrespective / respective of their class, creed, culture etc. -
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Impact of Behavioural Biases, Emotional Intelligence and Financial Literacy on Financial Behaviour
Behavioural finance is the integration of finance and psychology. Finance pertains to the administration of finances by an individual, while psychology involves the examination of the mind and human conduct. Behavioural finance provides a reasonable explanation for the abnormalities observed in financial markets and the irrational decisions made by investors. The foundation of behavioural finance lies in the irrational choices made by individuals, which elucidates the reasons for investors frequently encountering different biases, emotional filters, and a lack of knowledge when making financial decisions. The primary challenges stem from three critical deficiencies: the investors' inability to express their cognitive and emotional biases, insufficient financial knowledge, and an inability to regulate emotions during financial decision-making. This study investigates the influence of investors' financial literacy, emotional intelligence, and behavioural bias on their financial conduct. Studies have shown that behavioural biases negatively impact financial behaviour. Financial literacy and emotional intelligence have been recognised as critical elements that significantly impact the financial behaviour of salaried class investors. -
Impact of corporate social responsibility on consumers' purchase intent with reference to information technology professionals in Bengaluru
Today market participants' choice behaviour has multiple objectives. Consumers through their purchase choices attempt to achieve both materialistic improvement and social betterment resulting in a phenomenon called Consumer Social Responsibility (CnSR). However there is very limited research on how consumers can impact corporate social responsibility (CSR) through their buying behaviour. This study seeks to explore whether consumers' awarenes of CSR affects their purchase intent and if their knowledge of CSR situations would induce them to pay premium for such a product. -
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Impact of functional inter dependency on employee satisfaction with performance appraisal in real estate industry
Earlier researches have consistently underlined an intrinsic proportionate relationship between the success of an organization and the effort put in by the employees towards the attainment of the set goals for success. An employee with a higher level of job satisfaction tends to be more positively disposed and productive in the work place, than the opposite of it. A positively charged wok atmosphere contributes much to the overall growth of an organization and is the result of the satisfaction newlinelevel enjoyed by employees. One major factor that determines employee satisfaction is the organization s system in place to reward and recognise the employee through performance appraisal. Genuine unbiased performance appraisal tends to bolster the performance of employees. Thus, performance appraisal is one of the most widely researched areas in newlineindustrial/organizational psychology (Murphy and Cleveland, 1995). Recent studies among employees indicate several inadequacies with the current performance appraisal system in use as it does not measure the performance in all directions. Thus, there seems to be a gap that needs exploration. Employee s deliverables depend on external and internal newlinefactors. Functional interdependence is one such internal factor which influences the performance of the employee. However, there is limited knowledge available on the role of interdependency factors in the performance of the employee during the performance review. This article presents a conceptual framework to understand the role of functional newlineinterdependence in the performance appraisal and the satisfaction of the employee whose deliverables are highly functional interdependence. The framework proposes the relationship between the functional newlineinterdependence in the job, fairness in the performance appraisal by considering that interdependence and subsequently the satisfaction or dissatisfaction of the employee in performance appraisal.