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PORTRAYAL OF POLITICAL STEREOTYPES IN BOLLYWOOD MOVIES
Bollywood movies have a stereotypical way of depicting politics and politician, corruption and bureaucracy. There has been repetition in the way themes have been portrayed. Love, loyalty, patriotism, pain, glamour, difference between rich and poor and also politics/politicians. These stereotypes have been kept aside in very few films but the general notion of the character is more or less the same. The 1980s had a league of movies that portrayed politicians as the villain and police as the hero in the films. It is this stereotyping of power, politics, corruption and politicians that the researcher would like to analyse and find a common link in the characterization and pasteurization of the same. This dissertation will analyse three films Raanjhanaa, Paa and Sarkar. It is this cinema showcasing politics is mostly a negative light. It unlike Hollywood has not glorified the deeds of the good doings of politicians instead always shown the dirt, filth and negative side of politics linking it to the underworld. This paper will try and find similar links/ traits to the portrayal and study it in detail. -
Portrayal of sikhism in hindi movies /
A Sikh is known for his strength and valor, comedians, a true friend to someone, dedicated, hard work. These are the general characteristics that are taken into consideration while dealing with how we perceive their nature on screen. Over the past few years Portrayal of Sikhism has evolved from being a comedian to a more serious role and some of the stories being based on true lifes of Sikhs. With portrayal of Sikhs in Hindi movies, the image of the community has been lifted despite them being stereotyped in cinema in form of various actors, enacting the roles of a Sikh on screen whose enactment has helped in uplifting the communitys image in the minds of the people despite the Sikh religion being the lowest in the population count. -
PORTRAYAL OF WOMEN IN RITUPARNO GHOSHS FILMS
Cinema is told to be the universal teacher. It is simple and can teach the audience on various issues and provide entertainment at the same time. Cinema has proved to be a wonderful source of entertainment and relaxation. Films increase our horizon while at the same time frames our thinking process as it becomes the popular culture. It is said that films have a lot of influence on the audience and the society. Sometimes knowingly or unknowingly the society is influenced by what is shown on screen and try to relate it to their own life. It is generally seen that there are stereotypical roles, gender expectations from the male and female characters, storyline in a mainstream Indian film. However there are few directors who choose to be different and deal with delicate subjects like relationships, divorce, widowhood, infidelity and LGBT (lesbian, gay, Bisexual, Transexual) issues. Rituparno Ghosh has dealt with issues related to women and places the movie from the point of view of the female character and not the usual male character. The director is said to have understood the psyche of a woman very well and establish that on screen even better. Rituparno Ghoshs always celebrated the female sexuality and liberty and was against the stereotyping of female characters which is again very rare in Indian films. This research is an attempt to see the pattern of portrayal of women in his films regarding to the kind of issues and themes he dealt with. -
Post trumatic growth in women with breast cancer
Cancer survivors have the potential for personal growth, demonstrating positive changes in personal, interpersonal and socio-cultural functioning.vA diagnosis of cancer, which is perceived as life-threatening and seismic, demands an individual to accommodate changes in all areas of life, often leading to positive adaptive changes known as posttraumatic growth (Tedeschi and Calhoun, 2008). The aim of the present study was to explore what constitutes the experience of posttraumatic growth among women survivors of breast cancer with the objectives of understanding how they make sense of their diagnosis, exploring the strategies through which they negotiate the illness identity, exploring positive and negative changes in newlinethem as a result of the illness experience, and investigating the individual and socio-cultural factors that contribute to the experience of posttraumatic growth in the Indian context. This study employed a newlinequalitative approach using the phenomenological paradigm. Purposive newlinesampling was used to identity thirteen women who were diagnosed with early stage breast cancer (stage one or two) during their reproductive years and had completed cancer treatment i.e. surgery, chemotherapy and newlineradiation therapy at least one year prior to participating in this study. A short form of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (2010) was used to screen for positive changes, and Kuppuswamy s scale for socioeconomic status (2015) enabled selection of women belonging to middle class population, to ensure homogeneity within the sample. Semi structured interviews were used to collect data which was analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Interview guide validation, member check, inter-coder reliability and an audit trail ensured newlinevalidity of findings. One negative case in the sample displayed a positive attitude and approach, however did not report these changes due to cancer. It may be inferred that spiritual/ philosophical beliefs of the newlineparticipant shaped her worldview to accommodate and accept cancer. -
Predictive analytics for cardiac arrhythmia using machine intelligence
Myocardial Infarction (MI) is the primary cause of death worldwide. MI occurs when a plaque buildup in the inner surface of the coronary artery suddenly ruptures and prevents the blood flow. A heart attack is medically termed as MI. It is the irreversible damage caused by the prolonged ischemia. Ischemia is nothing but the heart organ doesn’t get enough blood and oxygen which is also termed as coronary artery disease or coronary
heart disease. The heart gets damaged if it has not received enough blood or oxygen. In connection to the damage of the heart, arrhythmia would occur. Arrhythmia is the problem based on the heart rhythm or rate of the heartbeat. Tachycardia, when there is a fast beat in the heart. Bradycardia, when the heart beats too slow. The common type of arrhythmia is atrial fibrillation. The great concern is that the patient who has arrhythmia has to be treated immediately. They lose consciousness in a few minutes when the heart is not pumping enough blood mainly to the brain. Death occurs when the patient is not given emergency treatment. -
Predictive analytics for cardiac arrhythmia using machine intelligence
Myocardial Infarction (MI) is the primary cause of death worldwide. MI occurs when a plaque buildup in the inner surface of the coronary artery suddenly ruptures and prevents the blood flow. A heart attack is medically termed as MI. It is the irreversible damage caused by the prolonged ischemia. Ischemia is nothing but the heart organ doesn t get enough blood and oxygen which is also termed as coronary artery disease or coronary heart disease. The heart gets damaged if it has not received enough blood or oxygen. In connection to the damage of the heart, arrhythmia would occur. Arrhythmia is the problem based on the heart rhythm or rate of the heartbeat. Tachycardia, when there is a fast beat in the heart. Bradycardia, when the heart beats too slow. The common type of arrhythmia is atrial fibrillation. The great concern is that the patient who has arrhythmia has to be treated immediately. They lose consciousness in a few minutes when the heart is not pumping enough blood mainly to the brain. Death occurs when the patient is not given emergency treatment. newline Treatment which is included in the emergency is defibrillation and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). CPR is an emergency procedure which is combined with the chest compressions. It is through artificial ventilation which gives manual effort, preserves the brain functions until further treatment for the restoration of spontaneous blood circulation. The common symptoms of sudden cardiac death are chest pain, shortness of breath, severe wheezing, irregular heartbeats, fainting etc. newlineHeart Scar tissue which is not like heart muscle. It doesn t contrast like the normal heart muscle. Heart muscles get damaged for the heart attack patient based on the time of the treatment. The damage of the heart is based on the blockage of the artery. Arrhythmia can be predicted based on the volume of the scar region in the heart. Arrhythmia patients are treated by fixing Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD). -
PREFERENCES OF 24 HOURS NEWS CHANNEL VIEWERS IN KERALA
Keeping the demand of Infotainment programs, the media houses started producing news magazines, entertainment magazines and news programs for different channels. Within a short span of time news journalism became so popular in Kerala and now more and more media houses were planning to setup their news channels in the state. By several measures news channels has come to realize the potential for news broadcasting. Each network has dramatically expanded their news programming over the decades and TV news producers take great pains to make their stories visually appealing to present news instantaneously and to make viewers feel they are a part of the events shown. New computerized graphical techniques present technical and statistical data in compelling formats. Broadcast organizations routinely conduct researches to keep up to date on what audiences preferences about the news and continuous feedback also make television an ideal medium to satisfy the demands of the people. In addition to the presentation of more news in more technically advanced formats, there's an audience presumably better able to understand news. Thus the study will find out the characteristics and preferences of news viewing population in Kerala. -
Preferences of 24 hours news channel viewers in Kerala /
Keeping the demand of Infotainment programs, the media houses started producing news magazines, entertainment magazines and news programs for different channels. Within a short span of time news journalism became so popular in Kerala and now more and more media houses were planning to setup their news channels in the state. By several measures news channels has come to realize the potential for news broadcasting. Each network has dramatically expanded their news programming over the decades and TV news producers take great pains to make their stories visually appealing to present news instantaneously and to make viewers feel they are a part of the events shown. New computerized graphical techniques present technical and statistical data in compelling formats. -
Preparation and Application of Nanoparticles and Core-Shell Nanoparticles of Transition Metals
There is an increasing need for the development of environmentally viable, economically effective, highly active and renewable catalytic systems for the various applications in the industrial field. The demand for the decolorisaion of synthetic dyes using bioremediation methods has been in a decreased mode due to its lower decomposition rates. Hence in recent years the decomposition of these organic colorants considered to be a worldwide need. The term nanocatalysis has gained huge importance in recent years due to its selectivity, higher activity, and productivity compared to their bulk materials. The nanosize, shape, and large surface to volume ratio provide unique properties to the nanomaterials. The principles of green chemistry are mainly relies on the development of catalytic systems that work similar to nature. Nanocatalyst combines both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis and provides rapid and selective chemical transformations with high yield and easier separation of catalyst at the end of reaction. In this work we have synthesized various metal doped magnetite nanoparticles (Ferrite nanoparticles-NdMxFe3-xO4 where M (Mn, Co, Cu, Ni)) by precipitation and hydrothermal method. The one objective of this work was to check the photocatalytic application of prepared ferrite nanoparticles for the heterogeneous photo-Fenton degradation of MB and Rh B dyes. Each dye was degraded separately under visible light and dark with the assistance of neutral pH and H2O2, in order to shows the improved activity of catalysts under visible light. The degradation experiments using the photo-Fenton systems (Fe2+/H2O2/Visible light) suggested that, the highest degradation rate was 97% for MB and 81% for Rh B within 4h and the used catalyst was NdFe3-xCuxO4, a good photo-Fenton catalyst. . We have also tried the synthesis of core- shell nanoparticles using NdFe3O4 nanoparticles with the help of polyethylene glycol as dispersing agent. The synthesized samples were characterized by various techniques like, XRD, XPS, SEM and TEM. -
Preparation characterization and applications of mixed oxides ceria-samaria supported on rice husk ash as catalysts for organic synthesis
Catalysis is a well-established scientific discipline, dealing with fundamental principles involved in the preparation, properties, applications and mechanisms of catalytic reactions of various catalysts. The preparation of silica from agricultural waste rice husk is an economical and environmentally benign process. Mixed oxides of ceria and samaria are a multifunctional catalytic system that has attracted wide-range of research in different fields. These mixed oxide catalysts are generally used for redox reactions and acid-base reactions in organic synthesis. The catalytic activity of these materials can be enhanced by using silica as a support system. To achieve the best structural and morphological features, different synthetic protocols were tried out while incorporating CeO2 and Sm2O3 on SiO2 to maximize the catalytic efficacy. In the present study, bimetallic oxides of ceria and samaria supported on silica catalysts were prepared by ultra sonicator, rota vapour method, wet impregnation and incipient wet impregnation methods. Further modification of ceria-samaria-silica catalysts using MoO3, La2O3 and mixed forms of MoO3 and La2O3 led to the formation of tri or tetra metallic mixed oxides on silica system. A detailed physico chemical characterization of the prepared catalysts using different spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic methods was carried out to understand the nature, stability and the functional groups present in the system. The heterogeneous catalytic route for organic synthesis is of major interest as it is sustainable and eco-friendlier. Utilizing biowaste like rice husk and its modified forms to synthesize useful and industrially significant organic compounds has been attempted with success in the present work. Thus, the prepared catalysts were subsequently evaluated for their catalytic activity towards oxidation, esterification, transesterification and Friedel Crafts' benzylation reactions. To achieve maximum yield and good selectivity, the different reaction parameters were optimized for all the reactions that were studied. Oxidation of cyclohexanone with benzyl alcohol to caprolactone and benzaldehyde has been studied after optimizing the reaction parameters. Recycle and leaching studies were conducted to understand the stability and reusability of the catalytic system for the above-mentioned reactions. These catalysts were also found effective in the synthesis of caprolactone, which is an intermediate in the synthesis of biodegrading polymers. Selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde too has been achieved using these catalysts. Surface area and acidity have played major roles in these reactions. Finally, dibenzyl toluene was synthesized by benzylation of toluene using benzyl chloride. In all the studies, plausible mechanisms involving the catalyst have also been suggested. Thus, a comprehensive study of rice husk silica-supported ceria and samaria systems and the multi metal oxide silica systems has been conducted and it has proved to be an efficient, recoverable, stable and eco-friendly catalyst combined with simple workup for industrially important organic syntheses. -
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Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse : A Protection Motivation Theory-Based Intervention for Mothers of Preadolescents
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a growing concern in the world. Prevention of CSA in India is challenging due to deep rooted traditional values and beliefs. Sex and related matters newlineare difficult topics for parents to discuss. Lack of parental awareness leads to increased newlinerisk for CSA. Maternal care is the most influential aspect of child rearing and they need information and skills to educate children on sexual abuse. The literature review was based on Bloom s taxonomy for academic writing. The need for systematic and evidencebased approach in primary prevention was identified. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of Protection Motivation Theory (PMT)-based psycho education program in enhancing mothers knowledge, attitude and sense of parental competence among mothers. An interactive mixed-method design embedding quantitative and qualitative methods selected 72 mothers as participants from Kannur, Kerala. Mothers aged between 30-40 years who had preadolescent children (8-12 years) were assigned to control and experimental group. A facilitator s psycho education manual was developed embedding PMT constructs for the intervention. The quantitative results indicated significant differences between the groups for CSA knowledge and attitude. The impact of the intervention was moderate to high. The qualitative results indicated the benefits of intervention. Mothers have overcome communication blocks, misconceptions regarding CSA education are cleared, are aware of risks and warning signs and are confident to deal with CSA disclosure. The involvement of mothers in the prevention program was found to be effective in this study. The findings of this study have important implications for developing theory- based interventions for CSA prevention. The application of systematic evidence-based interventions promotes active engagement of participants for applying the learnt skills effectively. The culturally sensitive issues like CSA needs more contextual understanding of the problems to find effective solutions. -
PRICE DISCOVERY, CAUSALITY, CONDITIONAL VOLATILITY & FORECASTING IN INDIAN FUTURES MARKET: EVIDENCE FROM 2001 - 2011
This work investigates the price discovery, causality, conditional volatility and forecasting in S&P CNX Nifty spot Market returns and S&P CNX Nifty Future Market Returns. The overall data study is classified into In-sample and Out-sample observations and the research work has been carried out by using the daily data from 1st January 2001 to Dec 31st 2011. The Out-sample analysis is carried on from 1st Jan 2011 to 31st Dec 2011. The dataset for the above analysis was retrieved from www.nseindia.com. The research also refines down with long term and short term dynamics of prices between spot and futures market by using various forecasting models such as Root Mean Square Error, Mean Absolute Error, Theil??s Inequality U test etc for Out- sample observation. Apart from this, the In-sample analysis has been carried out by Market Model, Johansen Cointegration test, Granger Causality test, Vector Error Correlation Model and GARCH Model. The results of the above tests indicate futures become the base for building up the spot, the causality tests and response analysis function indicate that future prices tend to discover new information more rapidly than spot, and the hence this will indicate more accurate forecasts of spot prices but not the spot to future and this price discovery function of futures prices has strengthened of homogenous structure of Index over recent years and it is disseminated in price discovery and risk management functions Keywords: Price Discovery, NSE, Volatility, GARCH, Cointegration, VECM JEL Classification: C22, C32, F47, G11 -
Prime Influential Factors Determining Prime Influential Factors Determining Employability of Engineering Graduates in Bangalore
The question of employability has risen as a problem worldwide. India produces around 400000 engineers every year. But, according to a study done by Nasscom, only one in four engineering graduates is employable. The remaining lagged in technical skills and know-how, ability to converse in English, make oral presentations or work in teams. According to a recent survey jointly carried out by the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) and the World Bank, 64 percent of surveyed employers are ??somewhat, ??not really or ??not at all satisfied with the quality of the engineering graduates skills. Graduates are found lacking in important skills like entrepreneurship, communication in English and use of modern tools and technologies. It has been argued that if colleges want to improve the employability of their graduates, they have to focus on reducing these important skill gaps through improvements in curriculum and teaching methods. The primary objective of the paper is to identify a set of factors that may have a bearing on the employability of engineering graduates in Bangalore and then find out how they are being rated by the institutions engaged in training these graduates on one hand and their prospective employers on the other and then find out the prime factors or dimensions influencing the kind of response received from each side, i.e. the institution and the industry. Lastly, if differences are found between the decisive factors or principal components of the industry and the institution, the study also intends to propose qualitative suggestions that can help to bridge the gaps thereby accelerating chances of employability of engineering graduates. -
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Process Development for Mass Production of Cordycepin Using Fermentation Technology
Cordyceps is a rare and exotic medicinal genus that has been utilised for generations in traditional Chinese medicine. China, Bhutan, Nepal, the Tibetan Plateau, and the newlinenortheastern parts of India are the main areas where they may be noticed. Cordycepin newline(C10H13O3N5), an adenosine derivative generated naturally by Cordyceps militaris, has essential pharmacological effects. Cordycepin has been shown to have anti-tumor/antiproliferative, anti-metastatic, apoptosis-inducing, anti-malaria, anti-microbial, antifungal, anti-diabetic/hypoglycemic, and anti-inflammatory qualities, among other things. The scarcity of native Cordyceps spp., as well as illicit commerce and a lack of growing methods in natural habitats, limit the supply of this prized fungus for therapeutic applications. As a result, an attempt was made to standardize the technique for large-scale cordycepin manufacturing in a laboratory setting. To measure the cordycepin, analytical methods by using High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Ultraviolet Visible spectroscopy (UV Spec.) were established. Furthermore, different methods were optimised and established to successfully extract cordycepin from biomass. Solid state fermentation (SSF) was performed to grow the fruiting bodies of C. militaris in jars. A novel technology was developed using cotton in the SSF which improved the cordycepin content by 138.42 %. Different liquid culture methods (static, submerged, and mix) were also studied; the Static mode was chosen for future media optimization studies. Initially, different parameters like the effect of pH, light, media volume, and inoculum percentage were optimised that affect the cordycepin production. Further, numerous media components, including carbon newlinesources, nitrogen sources, metals, salts and also the impact of vitamins, amino acids, newlineand adenosine that can influence the cordycepin production were optimized employing the One Factor at a time (OFAT) method. -
Process of Emotion Regulation in Relation to Attachment and Mindfulness Traits During Gottman's Dreams-WIthin-Conflict Intervention
Gottman Couple Therapy (GCT) promotes process research to comprehend how interventions function. A GCT intervention called Dreams-within-Conflict (DWC) encourages healthy emotional regulation techniques including expression and experiencing to diffuse impasses. The purpose of this study is to examine emotion regulation and experiencing changes during a single DWC session using convergent mixed methods on N=30 individuals (15 couples). The techniques for controlling emotions (Extrinsic/Intrinsic affect Worsening/Improving strategies EW, IW, EI, II) and experiencing mode/peak scores (ESM & ESP) were measured using self- assessments, observation rating and coding of video recordings, interviews, and feedback reports in relation to individual traits of emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal & suppression), beliefs, attachment (avoidance & anxiety), and mindfulness. Paired-samples t-test revealed that DWC significantly reduced partners' EW and boosted partners' EI and II. Both ESM and ESP significantly improved. Results from hierarchical linear modelling showed that before-DWC EI, gender, cognitive reappraisal, and suppression predicted EI and before-DWC II and avoidance predicted II. None of the variables predicted EW or IW. Gender predicted ESM. The emotional regulation strategies, experiencing and preferences for expression (over suppression) shared by Indian couples were examined using thematic analysis. Avoidance, conflict behaviours, and prioritising parents' emotions over partners' (in men) were most used strategies. Experiencing levels 1-3 used before-DWC changed to 3-4 during-DWC. Expression was unanimously preferred by Indian couples. -
Product knowledge attitude and motivation on purchase intention towards organic food products
India is credited to have the largest area under organic food cultivation. The size of the area earmarked with organic food cultivation is akin to countries like newlineArgentina, Brazil, China and Uruguay. newlineDelhi, Bangalore, Chennai and Pune are four cities in India that are experiencing increased consumer interest towards organic food products. This increased consumer interest has led to the emergence of many retailers to sell organic food products that have their presence across the above mentioned four cities. Conscious Foods, Eco Farms, Morarka Organic Foods, Navdanya, Organic India, Sresta etc are some of the retailers doing business in the organic food market segment. The consumer demand for food products that are cultivated organically in India for the period between 2012 and 2017 was predicted to increase at a CAGR of approximately 19%. In India, consumer demand for organically produced food products between the period 2015 and 2020 is expected to increase at a CAGR above 25% (India Organic Food market, 2020). Domestic demand towards organically produced food products for the Indian market presently is approximated at 40,000 million Indian Rupees. This figure is poised to increase by 100,000 million to 120,000 million Indian Rupees for the year 2020 with an identical increase in exports business towards organic food products ( Big Basket keen on collaborating with organic farmers in Karnataka, 2017). Although India is a developing economy, the market for organic food products is immature. Country specific research undertaken by AC Nielsen in the year 2006 revealed that despite Indians being one of the top ten buyers of food fortified with additives for general well-being; do not have access to organic food products. Poor infra-structure conditions in the country such as transportation facilities, storage, warehousing, etc leads to low volume of the newlineproducts for transaction which further increases selling price of organic food newlineproducts. -
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Production Of Boeravinone B And Related Bioactive Molecules From Cell Cultures Of Punarnava, Boerhavia Diffusa Linn.
Boerhavia diffusa L., commonly referred to as punarnava, belongs to the Nyctaginaceae family. It contains a variety of phytochemicals that contribute to the plant's pharmacological activities. Among these compounds, Boeravinone-B, a significant secondary metabolite synthesized within the plant, has been reported to possess various pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardio-protective, antimicrobial, and anti-cancer activities. Given its potential, there is a growing need to produce Boeravinone-B through biotechnological approaches such as plant tissue cultures. However, limited studies have been conducted on its production via tissue culture. Therefore, our objective was to produce Boeravinone-B using callus and cell suspension cultures. To induce callus, different auxins (2,4-D, NAA, IAA, IBA, and picloram) and cytokinins (kinetin, BAP, TDZ, and 2-iP) alone and in combination to maximize biomass and Boeravinone-B production was employed. Results showed that semi-solid medium supplemented with 5.0 mg/L 2,4-D produced the highest biomass and Boeravinone-B production from leaf explants. Subsequently, we established cell suspension cultures and observed that a combination of 2.0 mg/L picloram and 5.0 mg/L NAA yielded the highest production of Boeravinone-B. We further optimized cultural conditions such as inoculum density, carbon sources, sucrose concentration, MS medium strength, pH, ammonium and nitrate ratio, and various concentrations of macronutrients to enhance Boeravinone-B production. Additionally, we explored elicitation strategies using both biotic and abiotic components to determine their effects on Boeravinone-B production. Elicitation involved the use of polysaccharides (chitosan), fungi (yeast extract, Aspergillus niger and Cordyceps militaris) bacteria (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis), and algal members (Valonia utricularis and Spirulina platensis). Likewise, signalling molecules (salicylic acid, sodium nitroprusside, and ethephon), polyamines (putrescine, spermine, and spermidine), and heavy metal salts (lead acetate, cadmium chloride, and lanthanum chloride) to stimulate Boeravinone-B production. Significant variations were observed among the elicitors in their ability to promote Boeravinone-B production, with the order of effectiveness being spermidine > Spirulina platensis > salicylic acid > spermine > sodium nitroprusside > Aspergillus niger > Valonia utricularis > Cordyceps militaris > yeast extract > putrescine. By employing these elicitation strategies alongside advancements in molecular aspects and large-scale production in bioreactors, we can ensure a sustainable supply of Boeravinone-B and its associated metabolites.