Browse Items (5511 total)
Sort by:
-
Effect of solvent polarity on the photophysical properties of chalcone derivatives
The absorption and fluorescence characteristics of (E)-3-(furan-2-yl)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (FNPO), (E)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(furan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (AFPO) and (E)-3-(furan-2-yl)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (FHPO) were recorded in eighteen different solvents with increasing polarities at room temperature. The solvatochromic effects on absorption and fluorescence spectra have shown bathochromic shifts from non-polar to polar solvents for the reported molecules due to intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) interactions. It has indicated a large difference in dipole moment between electronically ground and excited states and the molecules were found to be more stabilized in singlet excited state than the ground state. The ground and excited state dipole moments of FNPO, AFPO and FHPO were determined experimentally by solvatochromic shift method using Bilot-Kawski, Lippert-Mataga, Bakhshiev, Kawski-Chamma-Viallet and Reichardt's microscopic solvent polarity functions. HOMO-LUMO energy values of FNPO, AFPO and FHPO were determined using cyclic voltammetry and compared with those values obtained by TD-DFT (B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)) method. 2017 The Royal Society of Chemistry. -
Synergizing Neutrosophy and Randomized Blocks Design: Development and Analytical Insights
The design of the experiment is a strategy for effectively examining the relationship between input design parameters and process output and developing a greater understanding. A randomized block design is an experimental design that has two primary factors and is widely used in agriculture, environment, biological, animal, and food sciences, where experimental material is heterogeneous and precise. In a randomised block design, one or more observations may lose their true significance due to an accident, poor handling, pest infestations in agricultural trials, or other factors. It is prudent to treat this value as missing and estimate it. In todays practical situations, uncertainty and inaccuracies are inevitable in most research areas. It is important to handle such data, which can lead to inaccurate and unreliable results. Neutrosophy is the branch of philosophy that provides an efficient method to study impreciseness among the data. Some of the common sources of Neutrosophy in randomised block design are incorrect blocking factor selection, measurement error, subjective factors, and natural variability. It is paramount to handle the Neutrosophy in a randomised block design; otherwise, it may lead to various problems, like a high risk of false positives. In this paper, the Neutrosophic Randomised Block Design (NRBD) is introduced to tackle data impreciseness. The study also, outlines a methodology for estimating missing observations in NRBD and presents its analysis. Additionally, the study compares the efficiency of NRBD to that of the Neutrosophic Completely Randomised Design (NCRD). 2024, American Scientific Publishing Group (ASPG). All rights reserved. -
Ergos: redefining storage infrastructure and market access for small farmers in India
Learning outcomes: After completion of the case study, students will be able to analyse the path of the entrepreneurship from idea generation to market development to scaling up business, examine the impact of start-ups like Ergos on Indias agriculture value chain, discuss the challenges faced by tech entrepreneurs in growing a business, identify problems solved by Grain Bank Model and evaluate digitisation of farmings custodial services such as warehousing, market linkages and loans. Case overview/synopsis: The case study discusses how founders of Ergos, India-based leading digital AgriTech start-up, Kishor Kumar Jha and Praveen Kumar, started one of the unique models in the AgriTech landscape in India. After noticing the grim condition of small and marginal farmers in Bihar, India. Kishor and Praveen decided to put their banking and corporate experience to use in the farming sector. Ergos aimed to empower farmers by providing them with a choice on when, how much quantity, and at what price they should sell their farm produce, thus maximising their income. As a result, Ergos launched the grain bank model, which provided farmers with doorstep access of end-to-end post-harvest supply chain solutions by leveraging a robust technology platform to ensure seamless service delivery. Ergos faced many challenges in its journey related to financing, marketing and distribution. Amidst these developments, it remained to be seen how Kishor and Praveen would be able to realise their goal to serve over two million farmers across India by 2025 and create a sustainable income for them through its GrainBank Platform. Complexity academic level: This case study was written for use in teaching graduate and postgraduate management courses in entrepreneurship and business strategy. Supplementary materials: Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code: CSS 3: Entrepreneurship 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Capturing non-financial information in integrated reporting
In the contemporary business scenario, integrated reporting is a transformational form of corporate reporting. Integrated reporting provides material and substantial information about an entitys prospects, governance, strategy and actions that serve as a reflection of social and commercial viability within the holistic environment in which it operates (IIRC, 2013). Thus, in integrated reports, along with financial information the critical non-financial aspects that affect the reputation, performance and sustainability of the firm are also required to be reported by companies. While regulations are instituted for compulsory divulgence of non-financial information as part of annual reports, there is a lot of ambiguity regarding the non- financial items to be included and the manner of reporting. This paper delineates the non-financial capital components for disclosure in integrated reports. It also discusses the current practices of integrated reporting world over, which will help organisations gain clarity in presenting the non-financial items under different heads of non-financial capitals. Copyright 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Total k-rainbow domination in graphs
In the modem world a huge concern among people is about their security\ People in the planning and execution focus much about proper security. This is a paper on the Mathematical aspects of some type of security enhancement. If a system is have various nodes and if there is availability of multiple types of security instruments, how will we ensure that every security is used to secure every node in an optimal way? We answer this question here by defining a graph theoretic model named Total k-Rainbow Domination. Here k stands for k types of security instruments. Easiest case is that of k types of cops. We define the optimal value as total k-rainbow domination number. Total k-rainbow domination numbers of certain graphs are calculated. IAEME Publication. -
Energy Harvesting Using ZnO Nanosheet-Decorated 3D-Printed Fabrics
In this work, we decorated piezoresponsive atomically thin ZnO nanosheets on a polymer surface using additive manufacturing (three-dimensional (3D) printing) technology to demonstrate electrical-mechanical coupling phenomena. The output voltage response of the 3D-printed architecture was regulated by varying the external mechanical pressures. Additionally, we have shown energy generation by placing the 3D-printed fabric on the padded shoulder strap of a bag with a load ranging from ?5 to ?75 N, taking advantage of the excellent mechanical strength and flexibility of the coated 3D-printed architecture. The ZnO coating layer forms a stable interface between ZnO nanosheets and the fabric, as confirmed by combining density functional theory (DFT) and electrical measurements. This effectively improves the output performance of the 3D-printed fabric by enhancing the charge transfer at the interface. Therefore, the present work can be used to build a new infrastructure for next-generation energy harvesters capable of carrying out several structural and functional responsibilities. 2023 American Chemical Society. -
Strain-Induced Tribocatalytic Activity of 2D ZnO Quantum Dots
The use of low-frequency vibration or high-frequency ultrasound waves to create polarization and an inherent electric field in piezo-tribocatalysts has recently been shown to be a novel advanced oxidation process. In this study, we have demonstrated the synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) ZnO quantum dots (QDs) and their strain-induced tribocatalytic effect, where the triboelectric charges generated under the influence of friction and strain are used to facilitate the decomposition of organic dye molecules. The catalytic performance of 2D QD catalysts can be tuned by modulation of the strain-induced band-gap variation, which are typically regarded as the active sites. The underlying mechanism for the strain-induced catalytic performance is due to the presence of defective dipole moments. Detailed theoretical investigations reveal strain-induced charge-transfer-dependent catalytic properties of the 2D ZnO QD-polymer interface. We believe that the present work provides a fundamental understanding of the design of high-performance catalysis applications for water cleaning and emerging technologies. 2024 American Chemical Society. -
2D Materials Coated Flexible Origami for Low-Frequency Energy Harvesting
Wave energy is one of the most abundant energy sources. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are becoming more popular for sustainable energy generation from waves. Concerning the renewable energy demands, we focus on developing cost-effective and adaptable origami-TENGs (O-TENGs) for harvesting wave energy, specifically utilizing paper-based (cellulose) materials. An origami-inspired lightweight and scalable design is proposed to create high-performance O-TENGs suitable for the complex conditions of low-frequency wave excitation. The paper-based spring-like O-TENG is coated with two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets and demonstrates efficacy in harvesting mechanical energy in the ambient environment and the output performance compared with reduced graphene oxides (rGO). A detailed density functional theory (DFT) calculation was used to analyze the charge transfer mechanism in the coated origami structures. Furthermore, a barrel-shaped floating generator incorporating multiple origami TENGs is introduced to capture ocean wave energy across various frequencies, amplitudes, and directional movements. Since the coated origami structures show a good self-rebounding spring-like nature and energy harvesting properties, they are suitable for blue energy harvesting. 2025 American Chemical Society. -
Plasmonic Nanocomposite for Visible Light-Modulated Bimorph-Actuator
Soft actuators have great potential applications in sophisticated movement and sensitive devices due to their flexible nature, good interaction, and precise control. However, existing carbon-based optical actuators are limited in their response under visible light irradiation. The limited visible light absorbance of the carbon nanostructure brought the metallic nanoparticle into the soft actuators that can absorb visible light. This study introduces a new type of plasmonic photothermal-bimorph actuator, using graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and silver nanorods (Ag NRs) to overcome the limitations of traditional optical actuators. The bimorph film is actuated by visible and near-infrared light stimuli with various power densities showing reversible deformation behavior. The actuator shows significant bending associated with a ?50 change in bending angle under visible light irradiation with a response time of ?5 1 sec. Furthermore, a smart photo-controlled non-contact switch is fabricated based on photo-thermal conversion properties, demonstrating perfect integration of plasmonic bimorph actuators. The density functional theory based molecular dynamics calculations provide an additional understanding of the bending of actuators under external stimulus. Using illustrative demonstrations of actuators, these results hint at a method for generating multipurpose visible light-based soft robots, supporting a new approach to developing an optical locking system. 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Spontaneous hydrogen production using gadolinium telluride
Developing materials for controlled hydrogen production through water splitting is one of the most promising ways to meet current energy demand. Here, we demonstrate spontaneous and green production of hydrogen at high evolution rate using gadolinium telluride (GdTe) under ambient conditions. The spent materials can be reused after melting, which regain the original activity of the pristine sample. The phase formation and reusability are supported by the thermodynamics calculations. The theoretical calculation reveals ultralow activation energy for hydrogen production using GdTe caused by charge transfer from Te to Gd. Production of highly pure and instantaneous hydrogen by GdTe could accelerate green and sustainable energy conversion technologies. 2023 -
Enhanced Light Scattering Using a Two-Dimensional Quasicrystal-Decorated 3D-Printed Nature-Inspired Bio-photonic Architecture
A number of strategies have been exploited so far to trap photons inside living cells to obtain high-contrast imaging. Also, launching light inside biological materials is technically challenging. Using photon confinement in a three-dimensional (3D)-printed biomimetic architecture in the presence of a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) promoter can overcome some of these issues. This work compares optical confinement in natural and 3D-printed photonic architectures, namely, fish scale, in the presence of atomically thin Al70Co10Fe5Ni10Cu5 quasicrystals (QCs). Due to their wideband LSPR response, the QCs work as photon scattering hotspots. The architecture acts as an additive source of excitation for the two-dimensional (2D) QCs via total internal reflection (TIR). The computational analysis describes the surface plasmon-based scattering property of 2D QCs. The 3D-printed fish scale's image contrast with the 2D Al70Co10Fe5Ni10Cu5 QC has been compared with other 2D materials (graphene, h-BN, and MoS2) and outperforms them. The present study conceptually presents a new approach for obtaining high-quality imaging of biological imaging, even using high-energy photons. 2023 American Chemical Society. -
A CRITICAL STUDY IN UNDERSTANDING THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF IMPLEMENTING DIGITAL FINANCIAL APPLICATION IN ENHANCING THE ACCOUNTING PERFORMANCE IN ORGANISATIONS
Failure to innovate in this era of rapid IT growth is a significant obstacle to the modernization and growth of industries and increases the competitiveness of such organizations in the market. Strong innovation and competence are more than necessary to turn innovative ideas into reality, gain new competitive advantages and achieve sustainable long-term growth. Innovation is not only an important tool for companies to increase their competitiveness, it is also an important driver of long-term economic growth for a country. Regular engagement in high-quality innovation activities should be mandatory for organizations that intend to successfully adapt to today's fast-paced digital economy. If companies want to improve their chances of survival in the coming years and continue to grow, they need to invest in their innovation capabilities. Many companies now operate under the assumption that updating their accounting systems with advanced software will provide better results than relying on old, time-honored methods. Concrete steps are needed, such as developing powerful data-driven tools to improve how individuals, organizations and governments spend their money. Beginners still have to put in the effort to learn new skills because they often have trouble imagining using a device they've never used before to accomplish a task. Due to the increased automation of this financial system, the risk of error has increased; So it is very important. In fact, you can manage your needs exactly with this tool. 2024 Published by Faculty of Engineering. -
Transport Vehicle Demand Prediction Using Context-Aware Neural Networks
Transport is an important aspect of trade. The more efficient the transport system, the more trade will flourish. However, sometimes it is the case that vehicles are not available for transport. This necessitates a system which could be able to keep an eye on the demand of transport vehicles. If the demand is fulfilled properly, then trade will flourish in a much better way. Thus, this project aims to keep an eye on the demand of transport vehicles and fulfill it. The study used MLP and LSTM models to work. The project also shows a comparison between the gradual changes and improvements in MLP and LSTM and the type of data used. The study focus was to predict the demand accurately in an area. 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. -
Planetary Ball Milling and Tailoring of the Optoelectronic Properties of Monophase SnSe Nanoparticles
Downscaling of tin monoselenide (SnSe) samples to the nanometer regime (~8020nm) without affecting the structure, homogeneity, and optoelectronic properties was carried out by high-energy planetary ball milling (BM). The milling rate was varied from 200rpm to 800rpm by adopting a dry and wet-grinding top-down approach on customized stoichiometric SnSe precursors. The degree of crystallinity was assessed by powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) and selected area electron diffraction. The lattice parameters, a = 4.435 b = 11.498 and c = 4.148 of the nanoparticles were calculated from the PXRD data. Energy-dispersive x-ray analysis confirmed the chemical homogeneity (49.88:51.12 at.%) of the samples. The effects of rotational velocity as well as mode of grinding on the morphology and the size of SnSe powders were investigated using electron microscopes. The direct optical transition with band gap varied from 1.75eV to 2.28eV was elucidated from UV-Vis-NIR data. Photoluminescence revealed an increase in the intensity of the emission peak at 462.97nm with angular velocities for both types of grinding. The variation of electrical resistivity (36107 ? cm) and mobility (3.451.12 cm2/Vs) with rotational speed was calculated for all the samples. The results obtained for the ball-milled nanoparticles pave the way towards the reduction of particle size, formation of stable morphology, and appreciable crystalline structure quality suitable for solar cell absorbers. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] 2023, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society. -
Effect of supercooling on the microstructural development and optimization of physical properties of melt grown SnSe crystals
The microstructural development of stoichiometric tin monoselenide (SnSe) crystals grown by vertical BridgmanStockbarger method using an indigenously fabricated furnace has been investigated under high vacuum (~ 10?6 mbar). The ampoule translation rate (tr) and supercooling, ?T (= Tm ? T, where Tm is the melting point and T is the crystallization temperature) were varied in the range, 122mm/h and 20100C respectively. Enhancement of ?T and tr led to constitutional supercooling, inducing compositional changes and non-stoichiometry. Low ?T (2040C) and high tr (1210mm/h) resulted in globules, flakes and cavities. When ?T = 60C and tr = 9 to 7mm/h, mounds were formed with closed contours and ripples, due to atomically rough liquidsolid (l-?) interface. Fine tuning of ?T (60C) and tr (2mm/h) enabled smooth planar interface, so as to yield good quality crystalline structures with periodic atomic deposition promoting crystal growth, layer-by-layer. Energy dispersive analysis by X-rays and powder X-ray diffraction studies revealed appreciable crystallinity, chemical homogeneity and phase purity. The density of crystals estimated from crystallographic data (6.183g/cm3) corroborates with that obtained utilizing Archimedes principle. Thermogravimetric and microindentation analyses established thermal and mechanical stability. The low etch pit density (~ 102 cm?2) manifests nearly perfect growth of crystals than their melt counterparts. UVVisNIR and PL spectra reflected direct transition with an energy gap of 1.32eV, validating immense potential of the grown crystals for photovoltaic applications. 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Dislocation and microindentation analysis of vapour grown Bi 2Te3-xSex whiskers
The structural defects and microhardness of Bi2Te 3-xSex whiskers (x = 0, 0.2 and 0.4 at % Se) grown by physical vapour deposition (PVD) method have been investigated. Concentric pairs of dislocation loops were observed on the as-grown surfaces of short hexagonal prisms. A systematic study of dislocations in these crystals was carried out by chemical etching technique. The effects of Se doping, annealing and quenching on the mechanical properties have also been studied on the prism faces of Bi 2Te3-xSex whiskers. 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. -
Microhardness studies of GaTe whiskers
Single crystal whiskers of gallium telluride (GaTe) have been grown by the physical vapour deposition (PVD) method. Microindentation studies were carried out on the prism faces of the needles to understand their mechanical behaviour. The variation in the microhardnessof GaTe crystals with applied load has been determined at room temperature using Vickers microhardness indenter. The work- hardening exponent has also been computed for different load regions. 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. -
Physical properties of vapour grown indium monotelluride platelets
Indium monotelluride (InTe) crystals were grown from vapour phase under different temperature gradients by employing physical vapour deposition (PVD) method. The morphology of these crystals such as whiskers, needles, platelets etc., strongly depends on the temperature distribution in the horizontal dual zone furnace. InTe platelets were deposited by setting the temperature of the charge (TC) and growth (TS) zones at 1073 K and 773 K (?T=300 K), respectively, for different growth periods (24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h). The surface growth features have been analyzed by scanning electron microscopes, which indicate layer growth mechanism for all the crystals. Various crystals grown under ?T=200 K and 300 K (retaining TS invariant) were examined by X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis. InTe samples exhibited consistent lattice parameters, density and atomic percentage, establishing stoichiometry and chemical homogeneity. The results obtained for Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, power factor, dislocation density and microhardness are found to be reproducible as well. The vapour deposited InTe platelets are mechanically stable and possess high value of TEP, which ensure their practical application in thermoelectric power generation. 2014 Elsevier B.V. -
Synthesis, growth mechanism and physical properties of vapour-deposited GaTe platelets
The physical vapour deposition (PVD) method has been employed to yield gallium telluride (GaTe) platelets. The morphology and growth mechanism of these platelets were investigated with the aid of scanning electron micrographs. The stoichiometry and homogeneity of the grown samples were confirmed by chemical analysis. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique has been used to explore the structure and phase of the compound. On the basis of the Archimedes principle, the density of crystals was estimated to be 5.442 kg mm-3. The resistivity and conductivity type were determined by the van der Pauw method. UV-vis-NIR studies revealed a direct transition with an energy gap of 1.69 eV. Mechanical properties such as microhardness, toughness, Young's modulus and elastic stiffness constant of GaTe crystals in response to the stress field due to an external load were studied to realize their suitability for radiation detector applications. The present observations provide an insight into the physical properties of the vapour-grown GaTe platelets, which are found to be superior over their melt counterparts. 2014 International Union of Crystallography. -
Physical properties of vapour grown indium monotelluride platelets /
Journal Of Crystal Growth, Vol.415, pp.81-87, ISSN No: 0022-0248.