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Religion, society and state in India: A legal perspective
[No abstract available] -
Solvent free microwave assisted synthesis and evaluation of potent antimicrobial activity of 1,11H-pyrimido[4,5-a]carbazol-2-ones, 1,11H-pyrimido [4,5-a]carbazol-2-thiones and pyrazolo[3,4-a]carbazoles
Microwave assisted condensation of urea, thiourea and hydrazine hydrate with 1-chloro-2-formyl carbazoles in the presence of PTSA as catalyst yields 1,11H-pyrimido[4,5-a]carbazol-2-ones, 1,11H-pyrimido[4,5-a]carbazol-2-thiones and pyrazolo[3,4-a]carbazoles, respectively. The structures of the synthesized compounds have been confirmed on the basis of elemental analysis and spectral data. All the synthesized compounds have been evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Some of the synthesized compounds 2a-g and 3a-g exhibit significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The compounds 2a-g and 3a-g exhibit good antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus. Pyrazolo[3,4-a]carbazoles 4a-g register good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The compound 4e indicate maximum activity of 20 and 24 mm at 500 and 1000?g/disc, respectively, against Lipomyces lopofera fungi. -
Dislocation and microindentation analysis of vapour grown Bi 2Te3-xSex whiskers
The structural defects and microhardness of Bi2Te 3-xSex whiskers (x = 0, 0.2 and 0.4 at % Se) grown by physical vapour deposition (PVD) method have been investigated. Concentric pairs of dislocation loops were observed on the as-grown surfaces of short hexagonal prisms. A systematic study of dislocations in these crystals was carried out by chemical etching technique. The effects of Se doping, annealing and quenching on the mechanical properties have also been studied on the prism faces of Bi 2Te3-xSex whiskers. 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. -
Accessing the role of critical success factors for successful ERP implementation at Indian SMEs: A statistical validation
Indian SMEs are also integral part of Indian economy; they also face numerous challenges in implementing technologies such as enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, including a lack of human, technical and financial resources to support such initiatives. Like many other technological advances, ERP systems were initially implemented mostly at large organisations even in India. Their relative absence from Indian SMEs has probably been the main reason for the research focus on large Indian enterprise. A model is developed with the help of quantitative survey-based method to identify and rank the 30 CSFs and, then a framework has been proposed in terms of recommendations for managing these CSFs. It was determined whether the survey instrument was complete and clear or not with the help of pre-pilot survey of 30 questionnaires responses from the Indian ERP consultants. As a result, the initial survey instrument was extensively revised. For the final data collection, new revised survey instruments were then given via a survey to 500+ Indian ERP consultants. Copyright 2013 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
K-shell fluorescence yields of barium and lanthanum
K-shell fluorescence yields for barium and lanthanum have been measured adopting simple 2? geometrical configuration and employing a weak 57Co radioactive source. A scintillation spectrometer with an NaI(Tl) detector of dimensions 44.5mm diameter0mm thickness was employed for the detection and measurement of radiation. The results obtained are in good agreement with the best-fitted values of Hubbell et al. (1994) and also with the other experimental values, indicating that our simple method can be extended to determine fluorescence parameters of high Z materials. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. -
Concurrent design, modeling and analysis of Microelectromechanical Systems products - Design for 'X' abilities
In this paper, we present the need for concurrent engineering in Microelectromechanical System (MEMS) device and product development. MEMS system is considered as six subsystems: micromachined element design subsystem, microelectronics circuit design subsystem, fabrication subsystem, packaging subsystem, materials subsystem and environment subsystem. Design for 'X' abilities is addressed by considering six subsystems/abilities. A concurrent model is developed using graph theory to show the interaction between subsystems. This work utilizes the advantages of the graph theoretic approach to consider all design aspects together in a single methodology with the help of a multinomial defined using matrix algebra. The design index developed using the proposed methodology shows the interaction among the subsystems and indicates whether the overall design is acceptable or not, by considering all the aspects related to micromachined element design, microelectronics circuit design, fabrication, packaging, materials, environment etc. A MEMS based RF power sensor is designed and the proposed methodology is explained. Simulated results of the RF MEMS power sensor are presented to validate the proposed methodology. A power sensor with VSWR of 1.08002 is reported. 2012 Bentham Science Publishers. -
The ontological causation
[No abstract available] -
Emotional intelligence and self esteem in cannabis abusers
This study was taken up to investigate emotional intelligence and self esteem in cannabis abusers. Cross sectional hospital based study, Study is based on a sample of 200 individuals. 100 Cannabis dependent, diagnosed based on DSM-IV TR was selected from two different hospitals in north India. 100 healthy matched subjects constituted the control group. Assessment was done using MINI, General Health Questionnaire, Indian Adaptation of Emotional Intelligence Scale and Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale. Significant differences were seen in Emotional Intelligence between the Cannabis dependent group and normal control group. The cannabis dependent groups scored significantly low on emotional intelligence in comparison with control group. Further, cannabis dependent group scored significantly lower on score of self esteem than the normal control group. Relationship between emotional intelligence and self esteem was found to be positively correlated. Our study suggests an association between low emotional intelligence, low self esteem and cannabis dependence and the prevention and treatment of cannabis dependence should lay focus on these factors. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology. -
Preparation and characterisation of amorphous mesoporous aluminophosphate and metal aluminophosphate as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification reaction
Preparation, characterisation of pure aluminophosphate and aluminophosphate modified with different transition metals (V, Fe, Co Ni & Cu) and their catalytic activity in mono/dibenzyl substituted malonates synthesis are explained. The materials were prepared by the coprecipitation method in the absence of any structure-directing species and characterized for their composition, crystalline nature, total surface acidity, specific surface area pore diameter and pore volume by different techniques. Catalytic activity of the materials was investigated in transesterification of diethylmalonate with benzyl alcohol in liquid phase. Pure aluminophosphate resulted only in benzyl ethylmalonate whereas the incorporation of transition metals favored the formation of both benzyl ethylmalonate and dibenzylmalonate. Catalytic activity parallels the surface acidity and mesoporosity of the catalysts. The effect of the molar ratio of reactants, amount of catalyst, and reaction time on the conversion of diethyl malonate and transester yield has been studied. The highest activity of iron aluminophosphate is attributed to its mesoporous nature with uniform pore size distribution, higher surface acidity and surface area. Further, the scope and generality of iron aluminophosphate as a catalyst in the transesterification was studied using various aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic alcohols. The catalysts could be recycled by retaining most of its initial activity. 2011 Acadie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. -
Optical and electrical properties of SnS semiconductor crystals grown by physical vapor deposition technique
Tin sulfide (SnS) is a material of interest for use as an absorber in low cost solar cells. Single crystals of SnS were grown by the physical vapor deposition technique. The grown crystals were characterized to evaluate the composition, structure, morphology, electrical and optical properties using appropriate techniques. The composition analysis indicated that the crystals were nearly stoichiometric with Sn-to-S atomic percent ratio of 1.02. Study of their morphology revealed the layered type growth mechanism with low surface roughness. The grown crystals had orthorhombic structure with (0 4 0) orientation. They exhibited an indirect optical band gap of 1.06 eV and direct band gap of 1.21 eV with high absorption coefficient (up to 103 cm-1) above the fundamental absorption edge. The grown crystals were of p-type with an electrical resistivity of 120 ? cm and carrier concentration 1.52015 cm-3. Analysis of optical absorption and diffuse reflectance spectra showed the presence of a wide absorption band in the wavelength range 3001200 nm, which closely matches with a significant part of solar radiation spectrum. The obtained results were discussed to assess the suitability of the SnS crystal for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices. 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. -
Ideological preferences versus national integration of India
[No abstract available] -
Decomposition of graphs into induced paths and cycles
A decomposition of a graph G is a collection ? of subgraphs H1,H2,...,Hr of G such that every edge of G belongs to exactly one Hi. If each Hi is either an induced path or an induced cycle in G, then ? is called an induced path decomposition of G. The minimum cardinality of an induced path decomposition of G is called the induced path decomposition number of G and is denoted by ?i(G). In this paper we initiate a study of this parameter. -
Study of stacking structure of amorphous carbon by X-ray diffraction technique
Random layered (graphene) structural parameters of the coals such as aromaticity fa, coal rank, number of carbon atoms per aromatic lamellae (n), lateral size La and stacking height Lc are determined using X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). It is found that the structural parameters like fa & Lc increases, where as interlayer spacing d002 decreases with increase in carbon content, aromaticity and coal rank. The number of layers and average number of carbon atoms per aromatic graphene are found to be varying from 7 to 8 and 16-21 for the coal samples with carbon content of 72- 77.4%. A good linear relationship exists between number of layers and stacking height of the aromatic lamellae in coal. 2012 by ESG. -
Synthesis, characterization and biological activity studies on 6-p-dimethylaminophenyl-5,6-dihydrobenzoimidazo [1,2-c]quinazoline: Crystal structure of the title compound and comparative study with related derivatives
Reaction of o-aminophenylbenzimidazole with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde yielded 6-p-dimethylamin-ophenyl-5,6-dihydrobenzoimidazo[ 1,2-c]quinazoline, which was characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectral studies and X-ray crystal structure analysis. Studies on the antimicrobial activity of the compound revealed that it is active against fungus Yeast but not Bacillus subtilis. The compound crystallized in the space group P2 1/n with the unit cell parameters a = 10.652(2) b = 11.002(2) c = 15.753(2) ? = 109.29(2) and the structure was refined to an R-factor of 0.0479. The hydropyrimidine ring in the quinazoline moiety is in skew-boat conformation. The dimethylamino group attached to phenyl ring is in conjugation with it. The structure was stabilized by intermolecular C-H-N interactions. A few of the related quinazolines (6-p-hydroxyphenyl-5,6-dihydrobenzoimidazo [1,2-c]quinazoline; 6-phenyl-5,6-dihydrobenzoimidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline; 6-pyridyl-5,6- dihydrobenzoimidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline; 6-furyl-5,6-dihydrobenzoimidazo[1,2-c] quinazoline) were also examined for their biological activity, in addition to their characterization by IR, UV-Vis, JH and 13C NMR spectral studies along with structural comparison. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011. -
Decomposition of graphs into induced paths and cycles
A decomposition of a graph G is a collection ? of subgraphs H1,H2,..., Hr of G such that every edge of G belongs to exactly one Hi. If each Hi is either an induced path or an induced cycle in G, then ? is called an induced path decomposition of G. The minimum cardinality of an induced path decomposition of G is called the induced path decomposition number of G and is denoted by ?i(G). In this paper we initiate a study of this parameter. -
A new optimal design and analysis method based on MADM for MEMS products development
Abstract This paper presents an optimum design method to support the total micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) product/device optimization, and its evaluation at the conceptual stage itself using the multiple attribute decision making method. In the traditional MEMS product development cycle, simulation and design using software tools are very important due to the knowledge limitation and complexity in design, fabrication, and packaging processes. The available tools are time consuming and relay on trial and error to achieve an optimum solution. The proposed method simplifies the relationship between parameters of design, fabrication, materials, packaging, and the performance of the MEMS product. The methodology is explained with the help of design flow diagram and time chart. A MEMS-based radio frequency (RF) power sensor is designed and the methodology is demonstrated. The proposed sensitivity analysis method is more effective and less time consuming than traditional techniques. Sensitivity analysis is carried out by varying the thickness of the signal conductor. The results of RF power sensor with insertion loss 0.428 dB, reflection loss 25.956 and voltage standing wave ratio of 1.106 at 1.5 GHz are reported. Springer-Verlag London Limited 2012. -
The dharma of Kama: Kamasra's morality of integrated Purusartha
[No abstract available] -
Synthesis and crystal structure of 1,7-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3- dithiolan-2-ylidene)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione
The synthesis and crystal structure of 1,7-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3- dithiolan-2-ylidene)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione is described. This compound crystallizes in the space group P21 with unit cell parameters a = 14.207 b = 7.752(1) c = 19.473(1) ? = 91.00(3), with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The ketenedithioacetal functionality present between the carbonyl groups prevents the possibility of keto-enol tautomerization in this compound. The cinnamoyl groups are organized parallel to each other due to the push-pull nature of the ketenedithioacetal functionality. 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.