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Effect of Substrate Temperature on Properties of Copper Oxide Thin Films Coated by Spray Pyrolysis
Copper oxide shows a wide range of optical as well as electrical characteristics depending upon the preparation parameters. This wide range turning capability makes it a preferable candidate for effective use in various application fields like optical filters, light energy harvesting, gas sensing and semiconducting device fabrication. Spray pyrolysis technique with manual spray system was used to deposit a thin layer of copper oxide on glass substrates at temperatures of 300oC, 350o C, and 400o C. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that all the thin films obtained have monoclinic phase. A change of grain size from 15 nm to 25 nm was observedas the substrate temperature was varied from 300oC to 400o C.The Hall coefficient analysis confirms p-type conductivity in films obtained at 300o C and 350oC and N type conductivity with high resistivity for film coated at 400o C. Optical band gap increases from 1.75 to 2.17 eV with the increase in substrate temperature due to energy band tailing. 2023, Books and Journals Private Ltd.. All rights reserved. -
Development and Analysis of Current Collectors for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Hydrogen fuel cells are gaining popularity in power-consuming devices due to their zero-emission characteristics. However, ohmic resistance, which arises from the resistance to electron flow through the electrodes and external circuit, can cause reduced efficiency and voltage drops in a fuel cell. This research aims to develop current collector plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells with optimal design, high electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity to mitigate ohmic resistance. Six different designs and five different materials-copper, brass, aluminum, stainless steel 316, and stainless steel 304 were considered for this purpose. The study involved experimental electrical conductivity and fuel cell performance tests to identify the best material and design for the current collector. Results indicated that brass and copper exhibited the least resistivity and favorable material characteristics. Consequently, all six current collector plate designs were developed using brass and copper with various machining and finishing processes. Performance testing on a fuel cell test station revealed that brass current collector plate design 5, featuring open ratios, demonstrated superior performance. Ultimately, the optimum design and material selection of the current collector plates have led to the development of fuel cells with reduced ohmic resistance and improved overall performance. 2024, Politechnika Lubelska. All rights reserved. -
The role of switching cost in the e-service recovery framework among banking customers
Purpose: The emergence of tech-driven initiatives in retail banking has created a vast spectrum of system-related service failures; hence, e-service recovery quality is of prime importance to banks to ensure e-service recovery satisfaction. However, e-service satisfaction is dependent on the ease of moving from one service provider to the other; thus, switching costs assume great significance. This study aims to probe the moderating role of switching cost on e-service recovery satisfaction by exploring e-service recovery quality antecedents. Design/methodology/approach: A measurement model is suggested in the contextual settings of the Indian banking scenario and is estimated using structural equation modeling. Responses from 399 e-banking customers, who had experienced a service failure, were sought using a five-point Likert scale. Findings: The result affirms that recovery expectation is the most significant predictor of e-service recovery satisfaction, and that switching cost moderates the relation between e-service recovery quality and e-service recovery satisfaction. Practical implications: The study highlights the high relevance of switching costs in the e-banking context and emphasizes investment in marketing strategies and campaigns to do away with switching intentions. It also highlights the relevance of recovery expectations as an antecedent of e-service recovery quality and thus stresses the need to satisfactorily address the same in the e-service recovery process. Originality/value: This study contributes to the e-service recovery satisfaction literature in the banking context by empirically validating the moderating role of switching cost. It also identifies the critical antecedents of banking e-service recovery quality. 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Visible light photodegradation of organic dyes using electrochemically synthesized MoO3/ZnO
In this study, flake-like MoO3-ZnO composite was prepared using a simple and robust electrochemical setup. The composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, photoluminescence, zeta potential analysis, and electrochemical impedance study. The modified ZnO shows a remarkable catalytic activity towards the photodegradation of three potentially hazardous dyes, malachite green, crystal violet, and methylene blue. More than 95% of both malachite green and crystal violet degraded within 140 min under visible light irradiation. Scavenger studies reveal that OH radicals produced by the photo-separated charges on MoO3-ZnO are responsible for the degradation of all three dyes. The photoactive charge carriers show less recombination rate as evidenced by the photoluminescence spectrum due to the interparticle charge migration process. This work suggests a new versatile procedure for the synthesis of MoO3-ZnO composites and establishes its photocatalytic efficacy under visible light with three common pollutant dyes found in wastewater. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. -
Destination image and perceived meaningfulness for visitor loyalty: A strategic positioning of Indian destinations
The purpose of this study is to empirically test and validate a multi-dimensional structure of In-loco Destination Image and perceived meaningfulness using an integrated model of visitor loyalty. The model was tested using data collected from responses of foreign tourists visiting India (n = 246). The results identified six dimensions of In-loco Destination Image: Amenities, Attractions, Leisure, Culture, Support Systems, and Hospitality. In addition, the investigation observes that of the identified dimensions of perceived meaningfulness, the spiritual and societal dimensions contribute more to perceived meaningfulness than the physical well-being aspect. Further, the exploration estimated the theoretical framework developed using structural equation modelling and established the mediating role of perceived meaningfulness in developing visitor loyalty from In-loco Destination Image. The studys observations helped identify three positioning approaches, namely objective, subjective, and combined, offering suggestions to destination marketers to effectively reposition Indian destinations. 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Electrochemical synthesis, photodegradation and antibacterial properties of PEG capped zinc oxide nanoparticles
The effect of surfactant and dopant on the properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles were studied by preparing polyethylene glycol (PEG) capped ZnO and tungsten doped PEG capped ZnO nanoparticles via the electrochemical method. These nanoparticles were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet Diffuse Reflection Spectroscopy (UV-DRS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electron Dispersive Analysis of X Rays (EDAX). The photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye using these nanoparticles was studied under visible light. The effects of various reaction parameters like dye concentration, catalyst concentration, pH and time were studied to optimize the photodegradation reaction. Reusability of these nanoparticles was studied and no significant change was observed in the degradation efficiency of PEG capped ZnO till the fourth cycle, while there was a gradual decrease in the degradation efficiency of tungsten doped PEG capped ZnO. Langmuir- Hinshelwood kinetic model well describes the photodegradation capacity and the degradation of malachite green follows pseudo-first order kinetics.Photocatalytic studies reveal that PEG capping increases the degradation properties of ZnO while tungsten doping decreases the extent of PEG capping and has a detrimental effect on the degradation properties of ZnO. The prepared nanoparticles exhibit significant antibacterial properties against gram-positive Bacillus cereus and gram-negative Escherichia coli bacterial strains by agar well diffusion method. 2018 Elsevier B.V. -
Unveiling the Necropolitics of Oil on Migrant Bodies in Deepak Unnikrishnans Birds
Oil played a significant role in fuelling the sociopolitical and economic development of Middle Eastern nations, attracting mass migration from South Asian nations. The article draws a nexus between the energy dynamics and labour exploitation within these petroleum-rich nations. It undertakes a close reading of the text Birds from Deepak Unnikrishnans novel Temporary People as it depicts the lives of migrant labourers who navigate an exploitative petro-capitalist system. The fictional text employs a narrative strategy juxtaposing elements of magic and realism, opening up a space for multilayered marginalised voices. The article engages with energy theories and interweaves Mbembes theory on necropolitics to grasp oils sovereign influence in delineating the boundaries between life and death in migrant lives. The surplus energy generated through fossil fuel extraction contributes to notions of boundless growth, coupled with technical and economic progress, which conceals the intensive manual labour underpinning these petrocultures. The magical property alluded to oil and the spectral absence of labour in the socio-cultural imagination co-constructs an exploitative and dehumanising labour regime for migrants. The migrant body is kept alive, and their existence is contingent upon the instrumental value of their labouring body, which constructs them as easily disposable and expendable as they are positioned outside the formal boundaries of citizenship. 2024 South Asian University. -
The Champions Boat League A Race to Commercialise Festival Cultures
[No abstract available] -
Modelling and analysis of split parallel hybrid electric vehicle based on 14 degrees of freedom
The paper studies the scope, performs the modelling and validation for conversion of any Convetional Vehicle to a Split Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle. The introduction of a smart Energy Management System for sucha setup is also evaluated. The EMS enables load sharing between the IC Engine and the Traction motor based on the gradient of the road. The gradient analysis is performed using the GPS based road gradient database. For the accurate modelling and the dynamic analysis of the designed model the performance of the vehicles Degrees of Freedom (DoF) for the variation in steering angle is analyzed. 14 DoF parameters are considered and the designed vehicle is subjected to variation in steer angle followed by the analysis on the response of the DoF parameters. BEIESP. -
Taylor series method in TDOA approach for indoor positioning system
Localisation technologies have always remained in the limelight of positioning-science as researchers have ever shown keen interest to know the exact positions of things. Ultrasonic sensors are mainly used for localisation of mobile robots since they provide high accuracy. This paper presents Taylor Series Method in Time Difference of Arrival approach using ultrasonic sensors.Signals are send from the sensors periodically. The time difference of arrival of signals from the ultrasonic sensors is used by the receiver unit to estimate the location of the mobile unit. The equations formed by using Time Difference of Approach are solved using Taylor Series Method. Taylor Series Method provides a more accurate result since they give less error compared to other methods and they ignore the measurement errors. 2019 Insitute of Advanced Engineeering and Science. All rights reserved. -
A novel model for speech to text conversion /
International Refered Journal of Engineering And Science, Vol-3 (1), pp. 39-41,ISSN-2319-183X. -
Agricultural waste valorisation Novel Areca catechu L. residue blended with PVA-Chitosan for removal of chromium (VI) from water Characterization, kinetics, and isotherm studies
Arecanut, an industrial crop prevalent in tropical regions such as India, Sri Lanka, and parts of Southeast Asia, generates significant agricultural waste during processing. This study explores a waste-to-wealth approach by incorporating arecanut organic residue into Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) - Chitosan blends via an eco-friendly continuous stirring method to develop an adsorbent film for removing chromium (VI) from water. Morphological analyses confirmed enhanced surface area, porosity, and roughness in the blended films. XRD and FTIR analyses indicated a semi-crystalline nature with a decrease in the characteristic peak intensity of PVA and chitosan, confirming the incorporation of arecanut residue. Optimal conditions identified OR-4 film, using 0.4 g of adsorbent, achieving 88.68 % removal of 173 mg/L chromium (VI) at pH 9.0, within 45 minutes at 40C. SEM images demonstrated significant surface roughness reduction before and after adsorption, confirming chromium adsorption. Kinetic studies revealed a pseudo-second-order model and adsorption isotherms confirmed film surface heterogeneity. This research advances eco-friendly materials for water purification and offers a sustainable solution for managing agricultural residues. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Walking an extra mile: Determinants of organizational citizenship behaviorAn exploratory study in faith-based organizations
Objective: Our study is intended to explore the factors that promote organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) in faith-based organizations, which has the potential to extend the scholarly conversation around a previously unexplored context. Methods: Our study used a purposive, homogeneous sampling technique in selecting the participants. We interviewed 30 employees who have at least 5 years of experience in faith-based organizations. We conducted detailed interviews and subsequent analysis involved a rigorous six-step thematic analysis process to better understand the phenomena being studied. Results: Our study revealed the significance of OCB in faith-based organizations and further elucidated those factors that determine the display of OCBs. Our findings have the power to enhance the existing comprehension of OCBs in different environments, specifically those present in faith-based organizations. Our study broadens our conceptual understanding of OCB in faith-based organizations by adding one more dimension to the existing framework of P. MPodsakoff etal. (1990). Conclusion: Our findings have important implications for organizational scholars in faith-based organizations. Our new conceptual framework offers insights into the distinct characteristics of OCBs in faith-based organizations and suggests directions for future scholars to engage with OCBs from different contexts. 2024 by the Southwestern Social Science Association. -
AS-CL IDS: anomaly and signature-based CNN-LSTM intrusion detection system for Internet of Things
In recent years, the internet of things (IoT) has had a significant impact on our daily lives, offering various advantages for improving our quality of life. However, it is crucial to prioritize the security of IoT devices and the protection of user's personal data. Intrusion detection systems (IDS) play a critical role in maintaining data privacy and security. An IoT IDS continuously monitors network activity and identifies potential security risks or attacks targeting IoT devices. While traditional IDS solutions exist, intrusion detection heavily relies on artificial intelligence (AI). AI can greatly enhance the capabilities of IoT IDS through real-time monitoring, precise threat identification, and automatic response capabilities. It is essential to develop and utilize these technologies securely and responsibly to mitigate potential risks and safeguard user privacy. A hybrid IDS was proposed for anomaly-based and signature-based intrusions, leveraging convolutional neural network with long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM). The name of the proposed hybrid model is anomaly and signaturebased CNN-LSTM intrusion detection system (AS-CL IDS). The AS-CL IDS concentrated on two different IoT IDS detection strategies employing a combination of deep learning techniques. The model includes model training and testing as well as data preprocessing. The CIC-IDS 2018, IoT network intrusion dataset, MQTT-IoT-IDS2020, and BoTNeTIoTL01 datasets were used to train and test the AS-CL IDS. The overall performance of the proposed model was assessed using accepted assessment metrics. Despite reducing the number of characteristics, the model achieved 99.81% accuracy. Furthermore, a comparison was made between the proposed model and existing alternative models to demonstrate its productivity. As a result, the proposed model proves valuable for predicting IoT attacks. Looking ahead, the deployment strategy of the IoT IDS can anticipate the utilization of real-time datasets for future implementations. 2023 Jinsi Jose and Deepa V. Jose. -
Deep learning algorithms for intrusion detection systems in internet of things using CIC-IDS 2017 dataset
Due to technological advancements in recent years, the availability and usage of smart electronic gadgets have drastically increased. Adoption of these smart devices for a variety of applications in our day-to-day life has become a new normal. As these devices collect and store data, which is of prime importance, securing is a mandatory requirement by being vigilant against intruders. Many traditional techniques are prevailing for the same, but they may not be a good solution for the devices with resource constraints. The impact of artificial intelligence is not negligible in this concern. This study is an attempt to understand and analyze the performance of deep learning algorithms in intrusion detection. A comparative analysis of the performance of deep neural network, convolutional neural network, and long short-term memory using the CIC-IDS 2017 dataset. 2023 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
Benzoyl hydrazine-anchored graphene oxide as supercapacitor electrodes
In this study, benzoyl-hydrazine anchored graphene oxide (BHGO) is synthesised using graphene oxide (GO) and benzoyl hydrazine (BH) via a simple, cost effective ultrasonic assisted chemical route. BH acted as a nitrogen source, reducing agent, and morphology modifier resulting in good electrochemical performance of BHGO. The supercapacitor behaviour of BHGO is investigated in different aqueous electrolytes and it exhibits a specific capacitance of 170 F g?1 at a current density of 1 A g?1 in 1 M H2SO4 and capacitive retention of 85% over 5000 cycles at 5 A g?1. This high performance is attributed to the enrichment of electroactive sites of GO through nitrogen moieties enhancing faradaic redox reactions and thereby the polarization at the electrode surface. 2020 Elsevier B.V. -
Emerging ternary nanocomposite of rGO draped palladium oxide/polypyrrole for high performance supercapacitors
In this work, novel electrodeposited palladium oxide-polypyrrole (PdP) and its ternary composite with reduced graphene oxide (PdPGO) draped over the surface of PdP were synthesised to achieve the excellent electrochemical properties and high stability. An exhaustive study has been carried out to correlate the crystalline structure, chemical bonding, morphological behaviour, redox reactions at the electroactive species, and its promising influences on the electrochemical performance. The electrodeposited PdPGO composite on stainless steel bestows superior electrochemical properties and a specific capacitance of 595 F g?1 at 1 A g?1 in 1 M H2SO4. The incorporation of rGO with the PdP matrix prevents the aggregation of rGO layers and is responsible for the enhanced electrostatic interactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface in PdPGO. Outstanding supercapacitance retention of 88% even after 5000 cycles at 5 A g?1 was accomplished for the ternary composite of Pd. These profound electrochemical characteristics are due to the synergistic effect of the individual components involved, manifest a great potential for Pd based composites toward novel electrode materials for supercapacitors of high efficiency. This method facilitates blueprints for synthesizing a series of advanced electrode materials for enhancing high storage capability. The high electrochemical performance of the PdPGO reveals how synergy plays a very important role to work on the blueprint to create active electrode materials for energy storage solutions. 2020 Elsevier B.V. -
Price Discovery of Currency Futures at NSE
The current study aimed to examine the causal relationship between the NSE currency future rates and currency spot rates in order to identify the price discovery mechanism at NSE market and its integration with foreign exchange market (spot market). To study the causal relationship between the said markets, we have considered daily closing rates for NSE currency futures and currency spot rates for selected pairs of currencies, i.e. USD/INR, GBP/INR, JPY/INR and EURO/INR. The data was obtained from www.nseindia.com and www.investing.com for the period from Jan-2010 to Sep-2017, which makes approximately 1750 observations for each currency pair in each market. It is found that the spot rate for JPY/INR leads the future rate. It is also identified that the spot rate for USD/INR does not cause the changes in futures. It indicates that the market integration between spot and futures at NSE for currency pair USD/INR is strong compared to other selected currency pairs. From the variance decomposition test we found that there is almost no impact of variance in USD/INR spot rate on future rate variance forecast errors. It implies that the causal relationship between for USD/INR spot and future rates is strong and mature compared to the measured causal relationships for the remaining currency pairs. This study concludes that the price discovery process for currency pair USD/INR is better at NSE currency futures among the selected currency pairs. Copyright 2022 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License -
Synthesis, structural characterization, electrochemical and photocatalytic properties of vanadium complex anchored on reduced graphene oxide
In this work, vanadium complex anchored reduced graphene oxide (rGO-VO) was successfully synthesized by coordination interaction with phenyl azo salicylaldehyde (PAS) coupled trimethoxy silyl propanamine (TMSPA). The physicochemical and microscopic properties of rGO-VO were studied with different analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which confirmed the synthesis of rGO-VO. The electrochemical studies of rGO-VO in glassy carbon electrode demonstrated high current density because of the amazing electrochemical properties of rGO. The photocatalytic studies of anchored rGO-VO and VO(acac)2 toward MB dye indicated that anchored rGO-VO with visible light irradiated MB was degraded fast as compared to VO(acac)2. 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Photophysical and Electrochemical Studies of Anchored Chromium (III) Complex on Reduced Graphene Oxide via Diazonium Chemistry
Covalently anchored chromium complex on reduced graphene oxide (rGO-Cr) is successfully synthesised through trimethoxy silyl propanamine (TMSPA) and phenyl azo salicylaldehyde (PAS) coupling. The rGO-Cr is characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Absorption and emission properties of rGO-TMSPA-PAS are studied by excitation dependent photoluminescence emissions at room temperature. Electrochemical sensing activity of rGO-Cr is monitored for paracetamol using modified glassy carbon electrode. Cyclic voltammetry measurements indicated that rGO-Cr substantially enhance the eletrochemical response of paracetamol. The experimental factors are investigated and optimized. 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.