Browse Items (9749 total)
Sort by:
-
A Hybrid Grayscale Image Scrambling Framework Using Block Minimization and Arnold Transform
Image disarranging is the process of randomly rearranging picture elements to make the visibility unreadable and break the link among neighboring elements. Pixel values often don't change while they are being scrambled. There has been a slew of proposed image encryption techniques recently. The two steps that most image encryption algorithms go through are confusion and diffusion. Using a scrambling technique, the pixel positions are permuted during the confusion phase, and an inverse-able function is used to modify the pixel values during the diffusion phase. A good scrambling method practically eliminates the high relationships between adjacent pixels in a picture. In the proposed scheme, XOR based minimization operator is applied on blocks of images followed by Arnold Transform. The suggested design is assessed using a matrix comprising the Structured Similarity Index and the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio. The computed PSNR value less than 10 indicates the input image and scrambled image has high variation. The SSIM value nearer to 0 indicates no similarity in the structure of the input image and scrambled image. 2024 IEEE. -
A hybrid level set based approach for surface water delineation using landsat-8 multispectral images
The detection and delineation of surface water is a crucial step in change detection studies on water bodies using satellite images. Single band methods, spectral index methods, classification using machine learning and spectral un-mixing methods are the widely used strategies for surface water mapping from multi-spectral images. Level set theory based algorithms have been successfully employed in image segmentation problems and are proven to be effective. This study presents a hybrid level set theory based segmentation algorithm which is a combination of edge based and region based approaches to detect and delineate surface water bodies in Landsat 8 images. Level set algorithms were applied in combination with Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) to further improve the delineation accuracy. Robustness of the proposed approach was established by successfully applying the algorithm to delineate water bodies of different sizes, ranging from 0.5 km2 to 298 km2 in surface area. The proposed algorithm was also compared with established machine learning based delineation methods and found to be faster than the algorithms those produced comparable delineation outputs. As the ground truth was not available for accuracy measurement, the output image of the proposed method was compared with the outputs of the machine learning algorithms using Pearsons correlation co-efficient, Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) and Dice Similarity Index. The proposed algorithm was subsequently applied to multi-temporal Landsat data for water body change detection and analysis. 2021, International Association of Engineers. All rights reserved. -
A hybrid level shifted carrier-based PWM technique for modular multilevel converters
This paper presents a hybrid level shifted carrier-based pulse width modulation (HLSC-PWM) technique for modular multilevel converters (MMCs). The concept of the proposed HLSC-PWM method is developed by combining the principles of phase disposition PWM (PD-PWM), phase opposition disposition PWM (POD-PWM), and alternate phase opposition disposition PWM (APOD-PWM) methods. The main aim of the proposed HLSC-PWM method is to generate an output voltage with half-wave and quarter-wave symmetries. The generated symmetrical PWM output voltage based on the proposed HLSC-PWM method provides less total harmonic distortion (THD) and enhances the DC-Link voltage utilization (DCLVU). A generalized mathematical model is formulated to develop a single HLSC for MMC with an N number of submodules (SMs) per arm. Theoretical analysis of DCLVU for the proposed method is described. The functionality and performance of the HLSC-PWM method are carried out on a three-phase five-level MMC in MATLAB/Simulink. A hardware prototype of a single-phase five-level MMC is designed for experimental validation. The proposed HLSC-PWM method is implemented on an Altera/Cyclone I series (EP1C12Q240C8N) field-programmable gate array (FPGA), simulation and experimental results are presented. 2021 The Authors. IET Power Electronics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology -
A Hybrid Machine Learning Model (NB-SVM) for Cardiovascular Disease Prediction
One of the leading causes of death is heart disease. The prediction of cardiovascular disease remains as a significant challenge in the clinical data analysis domain. Although predicting cardiac disease with a high degree of accuracy is highly challenging, it is possible with Machine Learning (ML) approaches. The implementation of an effective ML system can minimize the need for additional medical testing, minimize human intervention, and predict cardiovascular diseases with high accuracy. This type of assessment can reduce the disease's severity and mortality rate. Only a few studies show how machine learning techniques might forecast cardiac disease. This study presents a method for improving cardiovascular disease prediction accuracy using Machine Learning (ML) technologies. Various feature combinations and many known classification techniques are used to develop various cardio vascular disease prediction models. The proposed hybrid Machine Learning (ML) prediction model for heart disease leverages a higher degree of performance and accuracy. 2023 IEEE. -
A hybrid scheme of image compression employing wavelets and 2D-PCA
In this paper, we have presented a method of compressing 2D grey-scale images employing wavelets and two-dimensional principal component analysis (2D-PCA). Principal component analysis (PCA) is an already established technique for image compression which primarily aims at exploiting inter pixel redundancies present in the image, while wavelet is a tool widely used in multi-resolution image processing. In the proposed method the image is subjected to a multi-resolution decomposition using wavelet. Subsequently, 2D-PCA is applied on the set of detail images at each level of resolution. The compressed form of the image is constituted by representative pairs of principal components and projection vectors from each level of resolution along with the approximate image at the coarsest resolution. The proposed method requires relatively few number of principal components (of varied dimension) to produce improved compression ratio with acceptable peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). The method has been implemented and tested on a set of real 2D grey-scale images and the results have been assessed on both qualitative and quantitative basis by measuring parameters like compression ratio (CR), PSNR, structural similarity index measurement (SSIM) and the overall performance is found to be satisfactory. Copyright 2017 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
A hybrid semantic algorithm for web image retrieval incorporating ontology classification and user-driven query expansion
There is always a need to increase the overall relevance of results in Web search systems. Most existing web search systems are query-driven and give the least preferences to the users needs. Specifically, mining images from the Web are a highly cumbersome task as there are so many homonyms and canonically synonymous terms. An ideal Web image recommendation system must understand the needs of the user. A system that facilitates modeling of homonymous and synonymous ontologies that understands the users need for images is proposed. A Hybrid Semantic Algorithm that computes the semantic similarity using APMI is proposed. The system also classifies the ontologies using SVM and facilitates a homonym lookup directory for classifying the semantically related homonymous ontologies. The users intentions are dynamically captured by presenting images based on the initial OntoPath and recording the user click. Strategic expansion of OntoPath based on the users choice increases the recommendation relevance. An overall accuracy of 95.09% is achieved by the proposed system. 2018, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
A hybrid technique linked FOPID for a nonlinear system based on closed-loop settling time of plant
Wind and hydroelectric systems are more cost-effective and environmentally beneficial. A hybrid technique is proposed for the fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controller to regulate the wind and hydro system. The proposed hybrid technique combines the feedback-artificial-tree (FAT), and atomic-orbital-search (AOS); together known as FAT-AOS approach. The proposed technique is utilized to decide the optimum controller parameters, and it guarantees system constancy in large disturbances using less computation and overshoot by restraining the parameter variation. The FAT is used to predict the optimum gain parameter of FOPID, and minimizing the system error is accomplished with the AOS approach. The performance metrics are peak time, rise time, settling time, and peak overshoot, are analyzed. The performance of the proposed method is done in the MATLAB platform. The simulation result of proposed approach for the rise time as 0.001 sec, settling time is 0.012 sec, and the overshoot percentage is 0.02 %. By comparing the existing methods, like Ant lion optimizer (ALO), Salp swarm algorithm (SSA), Particle swarm optimization (PSO), the proposed approach rise time and settling time overshoot, is less. The comparison proves that the proposed system delivers improved outcome than existing systems. 2024 -
A hybridized semantic trust-based framework for personalized web page recommendation
The World Wide Web is constantly evolving and is the most dynamic information repository in the world that has ever existed. Since the information on the web is changing continuously and owing to the presence of a large number of similar web pages, it is very challenging to retrieve the most relevant information. With a large number of malicious and fake web pages, it is required to retrieve Web Pages that are trustworthy. Personalization of the recommendation of web pages is certainly necessary to estimate the user interests for suggesting web pages as per their choices. Moreover, the Web is tending towards a more organized Semantic Web which primarily requires semantic techniques for recommending the Web Pages. In this paper, a framework for personalized web page recommendation based on a hybridized strategy is proposed. Web Pages are recommended based on the user query by analyzing the Web Usage Data of the users. An array of strategies is intelligently integrated together to achieve an efficient Web Page Recommendation system. Latent Semantic Analysis is applied to the User-Term Matrix and the Term-Frequency Matrix that are built from the Web Usage Information to form a Term Prioritization Vector. Further, techniques like Latent Dirichlet Allocation for Topic-based Segregation of the URLs and Normalized Pointwise Mutual Information strategies are used for recommending web pages based on users queries. The Personalization is achieved by prioritizing the Web pages based on the Prioritization Vector. Also, a unique methodology is incorporated into the system to retrieve trustworthy websites. An overall Accuracy of 0.84 is achieved which is better than the existing strategies. 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
A Implementation of Integration of AI and IOT Along with Metaverse Technology in the Field of Healthcare Industry
In the evolving panorama of healthcare, the appearance of Metaverse technology emerges as a transformative pressure, redefining traditional paradigms of healthcare shipping and education. This systematic assessment delves into the multifaceted impact of Metaverse technology, encapsulating their role in revolutionizing healthcare through modern-day academic frameworks, patient care interventions, and groundbreaking enhancements in medical imaging. Through an in-depth assessment of present-day literature, this observe illuminates the Metaverse's potential to facilitate immersive mastering tales, allow far flung interventions, and enhance the pleasant of scientific diagnostics and treatment making plans with its 3 -dimensional virtual environments. The findings underscore a burgeoning growth in Metaverse packages inner healthcare, highlighting its capability to noticeably beautify healthcare outcomes, affected person engagement, and expert abilities. Consequently, this evaluate advocates for the prolonged integration of Metaverse generation in healthcare, urging stakeholders to embody the ones enhancements and adapt to the following digital transformation in healthcare services and education. 2024 IEEE. -
A Intelligent Approach for Fault Detection in Solar Photovoltaic Systems based on BERT-BiGRU Network
Large-scale photovoltaic (PV) plant problem identification and diagnosis is expected to grow more difficult in the future as more and more plants of increasing capacity enter into existence. To keep large-scale PV installations safe, reliable, and productive, automatic identification and localization of any mal-operation among thousands of PV modules is necessary. In order to identify problems in PV plants, the suggested method compares the 'residuals' (fault indicator signals) generated by each string to a predetermined threshold. The suggested method relies on three distinct processes: data preparation, feature extraction, and model training. Preprocessing employs the method of Transform Invariant Low-rank Textures (TILT). The most useful and efficient measurements from feature extraction are kept while less important ones are discarded in favor of the Reduced Kernel PCA technique. Let's move on to model training with BERT-BiGRU. The proposed method is clearly superior compared to the two leading options, BERT and GRU. The proposed method had a 97.36% success rate. 2023 IEEE. -
A Journey toward the Syntheses of ?-Amino-?-hydroxybutyric Acid (GABOB) and Carnitine
In this review, we discuss the synthetic approaches to ?-amino-?-hydroxybutyric acid (GABOB) and carnitine from 1980 to date. The unique structure and biological importance of these molecules have created much interest in various synthetic approaches over the last four decades by organic chemists from across the world. Most of the syntheses are asymmetric methods that involved chiral pool, enantioselective synthesis, enzyme resolution, or a chiral auxiliary as a source of chirality, and the biological significance of the molecules was also discussed. The compiled synthetic methods may fill the existence gap, simplify the complexity involved in the synthesis, and allow the best synthetic route to be found by comparison of all the methods. However, this review also will be useful to prepare similar kind of scaffolds present in various complex natural products. 2021 American Chemical Society -
A JSON Web Signature Based Adaptive Authentication Modality for Healthcare Applications
In the era of fast internet-centric systems, the importance of security cannot be stressed more. However, stringent and multiple layers of security measures tend to be a hindrance to usability. This even prompts users to bypass multi-factor authentication schemes recommended by enterprises. The need to balance security and usability gave rise to Adaptive authentication. This system of utilizing the user's behavioral context and earlier access patterns is gaining popularity. Continuously analyzing the user's request patterns and attributes against an established contextual profile helps maintain security while challenging the user only when required. This paper proposes an Open standards based authentication modality that can seamlessly integrate with an Adaptive Authentication system. The proposed authentication modality uses JavaScript Object Notation(JSON), JSON Web Signature(JWS) and supports a means of verifying the authenticity of the requesting client. The proposed authentication modality has been formally verified using Scyther and all the claims have been validated. 2022 IEEE. -
A Legal Analysis of Cyber-Enabled Wildlife Offences in India: A Qualitative Case Study of Sea Fans (Gorgonia spp.) on YouTube
With the advent of the Internet, offences against threatened species have transitioned online. Such species are directly or indirectly traded on social media despite being protected under Indian wildlife law. A qualitative case study was undertaken to assess the preparedness of national law and policy in prohibiting such offences. Sixty-three YouTube links on sea fans in the Hindi language were accessed over 8 weeks, and the information generated by both content creators and audiences was gathered and categorized for analysis. The legal provisions were then interpreted and applied to assess the extent to which the parties involved could be held liable. Our investigation shows that of these video links, the content creators directly offered specimens for sale in 15.87% of instances, demonstrated physical possession of wild specimens in 23.81% of these posts, and were involved in both activities in 20.63% of the links, which in our analysis is explicitly prohibited under national law. The remaining 39.68% of video links merely disseminated information on the relevance or usage of species in occult or religious practices, for which no express legal provision currently exists. Certain indirect legal provisions were found to be relevant; however, there were challenges associated with their implementation. Even the liability of a social media company was found to be limited if it can be demonstrated that the company exercised due diligence. Therefore, there is a need to explicitly regulate online content that has the potential to drive an unlawful demand for protected species alongside the imposition of enhanced liability on social media companies. Such measures, coupled with community awareness, can reduce cyber-enabled wildlife offences committed through social media channels. 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
A Lesion Feature Engineering Technique Based on Gaussian Mixture Model to Detect Cervical Cancer
Latest innovations in technology and computer science have opened up ample scope for tremendous advances in the healthcare field. Automated diagnosis of various medical problems has benefitted from advances in machine learning and deep learning models. Cancer diagnosis, prognosis prediction and classification have been the focus of an immense amount of research and development in intelligent systems. One of the major concerns of health and the reason for mortality in women is cervical cancer. It is the fourth most common cancer in women, as well as one of the top reasons of mortality in developing countries. Cervical cancer can be treated completely if it is diagnosed in its early stages. The acetowhite lesions are the critical informative features of the cervix. The current study proposes a novel feature engineering strategy called lesion feature extraction (LFE) followed by a lesion recognition algorithm (LRA) developed using a deep learning strategy embedded with a Gaussian mixture model with expectation maximum (EM) algorithm. The model performed with an accuracy of 0.943, sensitivity of 0.921 and specificity of 0.891. The proposed method will enable early, accurate diagnosis of cervical cancer. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
A Lightweight Multi-Chaos-Based Image Encryption Scheme for IoT Networks
The swift development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has accelerated digitalization across several industries, offering networked applications in fields such as security, home automation, logistics, and quality control. The growth of connected devices, on the other hand, raises worries about data breaches and security hazards. Because of IoT devices' computational and energy limits, traditional cryptographic methods face issues. In this context, we emphasize the importance of our contribution to image encryption in IoT environments through the proposal of Multiple Map Chaos Based Image Encryption (MMCBIE), a novel method that leverages the power of multiple chaotic maps. MMCBIE uses multiple chaotic maps to construct a strong encryption framework that considers the inherent features of digital images. Our proposed method, MMCBIE, distinguishes itself by integrating multiple chaotic maps like Henon Chaotic Transform and 2D-Logistic Chaotic Transform in a novel combination, a unique approach that sets it apart from existing schemes. Compared to other chaotic-based encryption systems, this feature renders them practically indistinguishable from pure visual noise. Security evaluations and cryptanalysis confirm MMCBIE's high-level security properties, indicating its superiority over existing image encryption techniques. MMCBIE demonstrated superior performance with NPCR (Number of Pixel Changing Rate) score of 99.603, UACI (Unified Average Changing Intensity) score of 32.8828, MSE (Mean Square Error) score of 6625.4198, RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) score of 80.0063, PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) score of 10.2114, and other security analyses. 2013 IEEE. -
A literature review on friction stir welding of dissimilar materials
Friction stir welding (FSW) employs a tool that does not require any filler materials; frictional heat is produced and performs a solid-state joining method. Severe plastic deformation causes to join similar and dissimilar materials without melting the workpiece at the welding line. Friction stir welding is the most recent friction welded joining processes with the most surprising features when welding various metal alloys, including magnesium, aluminium, copper, and steel. FSW is victorious of all the other conventional welding methods implied in many industrial applications like automobile, aerospace, fabrication, shipping, marines and robotics. It gives high-quality welds, energy input, and distortion are lower, better retention of mechanical properties; it is eco-friendly and can be performed less operating cost. This research work aims at the FSW process in Al-Cu alloys, highlighting:(a) Optimizing the welding process parameters, welding feed rate, tool rotation speed, (b) Evaluation of Electrical Conductance properties of joints, (c) Mechanical properties and metallography characteristics of joints. 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
A longitudinal examination of the relation between academic stress and anxiety symptoms among adolescents in India: The role of physiological hyperarousal and social acceptance
Academic stress is a critical aspect of adolescent experience around the world, but particularly in countries with dense populations that lead to highly competitive college admissions. With a population of over one billion people, the competition for higher education in India is significantly high. Although research has shown that academic pressures are associated with anxiety in adolescents, this work is primarily cross-sectional. The current study examined academic stress and anxiety symptoms over time and assessed physiological hyperarousal as a mediator and social acceptance as a moderator of this relation in a sample of adolescents from India (N= 282, 1318 years, 84% female). Adolescents completed measures of academic stress, physiological hyperarousal, social acceptance and anxiety symptoms at two-time points, 5 months apart. Findings demonstrate direct effects of academic stress on changes in symptoms of generalised anxiety and panic, as well as indirect effects through physiological hyperarousal. Social acceptance did not moderate the relation, although it uniquely predicted changes in panic disorder symptoms over time. The findings of this study contribute to the scientific understanding of a potential mechanism through which academic stress leads to anxiety among adolescents in India. 2021 International Union of Psychological Science. -
A Low Voltage and Low Power Analog Multiplier
In this research work, a low voltage analog multiplier has been realized through the utilization of a flipped voltage follower (FVF). The multiplier is characterized by its capacity to function at low power while exhibiting high gain. The exclusive use of transistors in its implementation renders it highly appropriate for fully integrated circuit applications. The multiplier has been developed using a supply voltage of 500 mV and an operating frequency of 25 KHz. The design consumes power of 8.23 uW. Moreover, a comparative study between the proposed multiplier and the conventional gilbert multiplier is presented in the paper. All simulations and layout designs have been conducted through the virtuoso analog design environment (ADE) of Cadence at 45 nm CMOS technology. 2023 IEEE. -
A Low-Complexity Multiplier-Less Filter Bank Based on Modified IFIR for the SDR Channelizer
Digital filter banks are extensively used in an SDR channelizer for channelization. The objective of this research work is to design a low computational complexity FIR filter bank for generating sharp transition width channels for SDR. The design of unified and variable bandwidth channels for SDR using the proposed structure is based on the modified IFIR filter structure and cosine modulation technique (CMT). The performance of the proposed structure is demonstrated with the help of an example. The results show that the multiplier complexity of the proposed structure is less than those of other state-of-the art methods. The optimization techniques are incorporated in this work to further reduce the complexity of the proposed structure. With the help of canonical signed digit (CSD), multi-objective artificial bee colony (MOABC) and shift inclusive differential coefficients (SIDC) common sub-expression elimination (CSE) optimization, the filter used in this structure is made multiplier-less. 2024 IETE. -
A LSTM based model for stock price analysis and prediction
The share market in India is exceedingly unpredictable and volatile, with an infinite range of factors regulating the share market's orientations and tendencies; hence, forecasting the upswing and downturn is a difficult procedure. Because of several essential aspects, the principles of share market have always been unclear for shareholders. This study aims to significantly reduce the likelihood of analysis and forecasting with Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) model approach that is both resilient yet easy is still suggested. LSTM is a complete Learning Model that is a Predictive Method. Conversely, advancements in technology have opened the way for more efficient and precise share market forecasting in current times. Using the provided historical data sets, the results showed that the LSTM model has considerable potential for forecasting. 2023 Author(s).