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Empowering Democracy: A Comprehensive Analysis and Predictive Modelling of Voter Turnout in Indian General Elections
This study aims to break down the complex dynamics driving voter turnout in Indian general elections, providing a detailed examination of the various elements that influence voters to engage in the democratic process. It investigates how voter engagement is changing over years, looking at socio-economic factors, regional differences and historical patterns that have an impact on civic engagement. The research utilizes a detailed exploratory data analysis to examine voter data from 1952 to 2019. Key factors influencing voting turnout are identified through statistical methods and visualizations. In order to predict and comprehend voter behaviour based on various socio-demographic parameters, the study uses advanced machine learning algorithms, such as Random Forest, XGBoost, LSTM and other important models. This project contributes to the understanding of voter behaviour, providing actionable insights for improving democratic participation in the Indian electoral landscape by utilizing hyper-localized constituency-wise data. Previous studies mostly looked into the political landscape of other countries and did not use any hyper-localized data. The study reveals regional differences, socio-economic linkages and important drivers of voter turnout. It highlights the value of focused campaigns, interventions tailored to a certain region and the use of technology to increase political engagements. 2025 MDI. -
Eco-friendly AgZnO Nanocomposites Synthesis and Their Role as Photocatalyst for Textile Dye Degradation
Recent research in the field of nanotechnology revealed that plant extract and their derivatives are good stabilizing and reducing agents. Artemisia stelleriana (Dusty Miller) is widely used as an ornamental plant. The current study, explores one-pot method to synthesise A. stelleriana-mediated silver/ zinc oxide nanocomposites (AS-Ag/ZnONCs). Using UV-visible spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, Transmission Electron Microscope, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy the characterisation of the synthesised AS-Ag/ZnONCs was examined. The crystalline size of the AS-Ag/ZnONCs was determined to be 45.39nm using the Williamson-hall equation. Irregular-shaped nanocomposites were observed from AS-Ag/ZnONCs, exhibiting an average size of 35.2nm. To check the activity of AS-Ag/ZnONCs as photocatalysts to degrade RY145, RY86, RB222A and RB220 dyes was determined. The order of photocatalytic activity of AS-Ag/ZnONCs was as follows: RY145 > RB220 > RB222A > RY86. Low toxicity was observed when Vigna radiata (Mung bean) and Artemia salina (Brine shrimp) were exposed to treated dye solutions using AS- Ag/ZnONCs when compared with untreated dye solutions. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
Exploring Conditional Generative Models for Sketch-to-Image Translation: cGAN, cVAE, and Conditional Diffusion Models
Creating realistic facial pictures from hand-drawn sketches is of significant utility in forensic investigations because eyewitness drawings are frequently the only visual leads for suspect identification. Turning a hand-drawn sketch into a realistic image is a difficult task. This is because sketches lack detailed information, they are abstracted, and ambiguous. Most of the conventional image creation and generation techniques tend to lose facial structure, identity, and realism. This makes it a great area for generative AI. This paper is a comparative analysis of three generative models: Conditional GANs, Conditional VAEs, and Conditional Diffusion Models. We evaluate these models on the sketch-to-image synthesis problem using the CUHK Face Sketch Dataset. We recognize and compare how every model handles the challenge of generating images from sketches of faces, with an emphasis on producing realistic images, maintaining identity and diversity. The paper demonstrates the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. It also offers insights into their usefulness for forensic applications and suggests directions for future improvements through combined or specialized generative structures. 2025 IEEE. -
Exploring Conditional Generative Models for Sketch-to-Image Translation: cGAN, cVAE, and Conditional Diffusion Models
Creating realistic facial pictures from hand-drawn sketches is of significant utility in forensic investigations because eyewitness drawings are frequently the only visual leads for suspect identification. Turning a hand-drawn sketch into a realistic image is a difficult task. This is because sketches lack detailed information, they are abstracted, and ambiguous. Most of the conventional image creation and generation techniques tend to lose facial structure, identity, and realism. This makes it a great area for generative AI. This paper is a comparative analysis of three generative models: Conditional GANs, Conditional VAEs, and Conditional Diffusion Models. We evaluate these models on the sketch-to-image synthesis problem using the CUHK Face Sketch Dataset. We recognize and compare how every model handles the challenge of generating images from sketches of faces, with an emphasis on producing realistic images, maintaining identity and diversity. The paper demonstrates the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. It also offers insights into their usefulness for forensic applications and suggests directions for future improvements through combined or specialized generative structures. 2025 IEEE. -
A modified approach for extraction and association of triplets
In this paper we present an enhanced algorithm with modified approach to extricate various Triplets i.e. subject-predicate-object from Natural language sentences. The Treebank Structure and the Typed Dependencies obtained from Stanford Parser are used to elicit multiple triplets from English Sentences. Typed Dependencies represents grammatical connections among the words of any sentence and represents how triplets are associated. The intended interpretation behind the extraction of Triplets is that the subject is acting on the object in a way described by the predicate. In graphical form it can be considered that subject and object will be acting as nodes i.e. entities and predicate as edges i.e. relationship. The resulting triplets and relations can be useful for building and analysis of a social network graph and for generating communication pattern and Information retrieval. 2015 IEEE. -
Into the Dark World of User Experience: A Cognitive Walkthrough Study
In this age of AI, the unison of man and machine is going to be more prominent than ever, thus creating a need to understand the underlying framework that is adopted by app designers and developers from a psychological point of view. Research on the various benefits and harmful effects of user experience design and furthermore developing interventions and regulations to moderate the use of dark strategies in digital tools is the need of the hour. This paper calls for an ethical consideration of designing the experience of users by looking at the unethical practices that exist currently. The purpose of the study was to understand the cognitive, behavioural and affective experience of dark patterns in end users. There is a scarcity in the scientific literature with regard to dark patterns. This paper adopts the methodology of user cognitive walkthrough with 6 participants whose transcripts were analysed using thematic network analyses. The results are presented in the form of a thematic network. A few examples of the themes found are the experience of manipulation in users, rebellious attitudes, and automatic or habitual responses. These findings provide a basis for an in-depth understanding of dark patterns in user experience and provide themes that will help future researchers and designers develop ethical and more enriching user experiences for users. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Synthesis, Characterization of Chromium Oxide Powders and Coatings
The chromium oxide powders are transformed into plasma sprayable particles by using synthetic polymers for agglomeration. In order to carry out the agglomeration process, spray drying technique was employed. This research work highlights the significance of the process variables that control the synthesis of plasma spray powder and consequently, the properties that were suited for plasma sprayoating. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) was used to characterize the elemental composition, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyse the morphology and powder grain sizes and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the phase structure. And for the development of coatings on the substrates, Atmospheric plasma spray (APS) technique was used. The plasma sprayable powders were created with the intention of investigating for use as corrosion-resistant coatings. 2023 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, All Rights Reserved. -
An evaluation of SH and anti-plane SH wave signals for nanosensor applications using two distinct models of piezoelectric materials lead zirconate titanate (PZT-2) and PZT-5H
Investigating how wave propagation affects the functionality of surface acoustics wave (SAW) macro- and nanosensors is the main objective of the current investigation. Consequently, the surface piezoelectricity theory is used to investigate shear horizontal waves (SH) in an orthotropic PQC layer that is layered on top of an elastic framework (Model I), a piezoelectric substrate, and an orthotropic PQC substrate (Model II). Approach: A variable-separable approach is used in the study. Based on the differential equations and matrix formulation, theoretical forms are created and utilized to display the wavenumber of surface waves in any direction of the piezoelectric medium. Two configurations are examined: an orthotropic piezoelectric material layer over an elastic framework and a piezoelectric material half-space with a nanosubstrate. Analytical expressions for frequency equations are derived for both symmetric and anti-symmetric waves. Study investigates the effects of surface elastic constants, surface density, anisotropic piezoelectric constant, and symmetric and anti-ssymmetric modes on phase velocity. The study is confined to only linear wave propagation. Additionally, the analysis is based on idealized material properties and surface properties of the material. Surface effect study is the novelty which is conducted in the piezoelectric model and their applications in sensors. The findings of this research may be useful in designing surface acoustic wave sensors (SAW) devices. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
Truth Twisters: Large Language Models Beating Humans at Fake News
Misinformation has become a serious global problem, affecting the process of referendum and decision-making in areas such as politics, healthcare, and social movements. With the rise of advanced artificial intelligence, especially large language models (LLM), the scenario of misinformation building has changed dramatically. These models, which are known to generate coherent and human reactions, can also be used to generate reliable but false or harmful materials. This study examines the dual nature of LLM and highlights its possible misuse to create misinformation that can evade the identity mechanism. The objective of this article is to explain how LLMs can be manipulated through prompt engineering and vocabulary attacks, where adversaries use obfuscated or subtly altered language to bypass content filters and safety guidelines. Despite being fine-tuned for ethical alignment, many LLMs can still be 'jailbroken' - a process by which users modify prompts to elicit inappropriate or restricted outputs. Through a series of controlled experiments, we demonstrate sensitivity to such adverse information of state -of -the -art LLM. These findings create serious concerns about the deployment of LLM in an open-wheel environment. Although these models offer immense possibilities of innovation and productivity, their sensitivity to manipulation outlines the immediate need for strong safety measures. We conclude by discussing moral implications and proposing strategies to reduce abuse, such as better adverse training, strict deployment protocols, and continuous monitoring to balance between safety and innovation in AI. 2025 IEEE. -
The changing role of marketing: Industry 5.0 - the game changer
The preceding revolution, Industry 4.0, surfaced by way of the influx of digital and automation technologies. Industry 5.0 followed the suit and the world is on the threshold of this new evolution. Industry 5.0 attempts to bring together the competency of smart machines and the exceptional ingenious potentials of the human workforce. Industry 5.0 is humanizing the digital and automated systems. It recognizes both automated technology and the human innovative skills on an equal platform. Marketing in its new role revolves on the axis of automation and cyber technology of Industry 5.0. This new makeover of marketing processes generates superior marketing actions, restructures marketing workflows, and assesses the results of marketing promotions. Industry 5.0 tools make available a fundamental marketing catalog for all marketing content and communications, thus assisting marketers to fashion a fragmented, customized, and favorable marketing experiences for prospective buyers. These systems and spaces offer automation attributes across numerous phases of marketing including videos, blogs, emails, social media, lead generation, direct mails, digital advertising, and more. This chapter aims to introduce the concept of Industry 5.0, where robots and machines are interweaved with the human intellect and labor as teammate instead of opponent. The objective of the chapter is to examine and explore the different facets of marketing in the face of Industry 5.0. The chapter describes the challenges and future trends and practices in marketing field in the wake of Industry 5.0 as the way forward for the companies for sustainability and resilience. 2023 by Sunanda Vincent Jaiwant. All rights reserved. -
3Rs management: Advances and innovations in waste management and treatment
The increasing industrialisation and fast growth do not only pose problems related to the allocation of resources and powers, but also severely challenge the natural environment. Environmental degradation such as contaminated water, sinking groundwater levels, unhealthy soils, and polluted air has become a harsh reality in many parts of the world. One result of a rapid urbanisation, a slowly reducing gap between urban and rural, changing consumption patterns, and a growing population is the problem of waste. However, although it is the duty of the urban local bodies (ULBs) to address the issue of waste, tight budgets, inefficient organisation, has rendered a situation that has little hope for alleviation in the near future. This chapter aims to understand the concept of waste management through 3Rs. The focus is to identify the contemporary 3Rs practices and also develop advanced strategies for the same. 2024 by IGI Global. -
Smart City Governance and Citizen Engagement
The smart city idea has been put into practice in numerous nations as a response to urban issues. With the ultimate goal of improving quality of life and well-being, smart cities are more and more eager to engage in fruitful dialogue with their residents, better understand their demands, and develop digital platforms for inciting collaborative initiatives between authorities and people. Prior researches have noted challenges with execution and the importance of smart citizens as key components of a smart city. Using an internet-based social platform, this project intends to learn more about how smart cities are implemented and how citizens are involved. Smart city development should be modified to account for local conditions. Local expertise, transformative leadership, sustainability, and political content are the key success criteria for the implementation. Through an online social network, city residents have been participating in the implementation of the smart city. In order to make sure that city citizens are motivated to address the citys challenges, a sort of incentive structure remains necessary. Previous research efforts were conducted in an effort to measure the projects effectiveness by achieving benefits. The people of that country are the end users of public infrastructure projects. Nevertheless, communities all throughout the world have struggled to achieve genuine citizen engagement. This component of citizen engagement has been highlighted as a crucial goal to be accomplished. This chapter examines the role of AI in citizen engagement and participation in the smart city implementation. The chapter also intends to analyse the relevant research works to examine the trends in smart city governance and AI. This study will provide also insights into emerging issues and challenges. 2025 selection and editorial matter Pawan Whig, Pavika Sharma, Nagender Aneja, Ahmed A. Elngar and Nuno Silva; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Servant leadership and diversity: A focus on ethnic and cultural diversity
Business organizations becoming global is nothing new in the current world due to the ever-shrinking physical and communication boundaries. Going global has its benefits and limitations. Benefits would be less expensive land, labor, and resources and reduced transportation cost by being present in countries with vast requirements for an organization's products or services. At the same time, the limitations would be to manage people or lead them toward shared organizational goals. India being a country with enormous opportunities has diverse cultures and practices. Thus, leading various people as employees would be a challenge. What may work in the Western countries may not work in India due to its vast diversity in culture, language, and ethnicity. This research aims to understand the servant leadership approach and if it would be applicable in India. In the context of diverse cultures, the authors analyze the servant leader's role in an organization and compare the practices of servant leadership in various other countries. 2023 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Role of information and communication technologies in the sustainable clothing and textile industry
Information and communication technology (ICT) has an important role to play in every sector globally. These opportunities will derive from the ability of ICTs to open up parts of the supply chain (other than basic manufacturing and processing) in clothing and textile industry as well. ICT technology is used at various stages of the design process. Presently, it is rapidly changing the textile industry. Employee at- tendance (clocking in) to shipment dispatching are dependent on information technology. The garment industry is fully depended on IT or ERP. This chapter presents the latest trends of companies that have successfully used ICTs to move, for example, into higher-value activities such as design and logistics, or to access niche markets. The study aims to investigate the uses of information and communication technology in the clothing and textile industry and examine the recent trends of ICT usage in companies within the textile industry and identify the factors to be considered by companies in the textile industry before investing in ICT. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Evaluating the impact of microlearning and micro-lessons and implications for general education
The educator training approach known as microteaching, which is used now all over the world, offers teachers the chance to sharpen their teaching abilities by enhancing the many straightforward activities referred to as teaching skills. Microteaching supports the growth of in-person teaching experiences thanks to its success with both beginners and older students. The fundamental abilities of microteaching, such as exposition and reinforcing abilities, aid new instructors in mastering the craft of instruction with ease and to the fullest. This method's effects have been widely observed in a variety of educational settings, including the biological sciences, health sciences, and other fields. The chapter reflects upon the basic concepts of microteaching, microlearning, and micro lessons. The study discusses the fundamental teaching techniques, implementation issues, and the effects of microlearning on education. The study also throws light on the impact and advances of technology on microlearning in the context of the digital age. 2024, IGI Global. -
Demand Forecasting Methods: Using Machine Learning to Predict Future Sales
To thrive in the market today, businesses must increase the effectiveness, dependability, and accessibility of their services. Sales estimation and operative demand scheduling definitely impact the end result of the organizations, influencing their procurement process, production, delivery, supply chain, marketing communications, etc. 2024 Sachi Nandan Mohanty, Preethi Nanjundan and Tejaswini Kar. -
Enhancing the digital consumer experience: The role of artificial intelligence
In the era of rapid technological advancement, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and digital consumerism has created new trends in business. Consumers are able to communicate with brands in new ways owing to developments in digital media. AI-powered recommendation systems, chatbots and virtual assistants are the main drivers of this change. It allows businesses to offer product recommendations, customer support, and personalized content to increase user engagement and satisfaction. This chapter provides real-world examples of AI applications across industries, highlighting success stories of companies using AI to create better value and customer satisfaction. Finally, the integration of artificial intelligence and digital customer experience has the potential to transform the future of e-commerce, marketing, and customer service, opening new horizons for both businesses and consumers. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
HR analytics in employee engagement and turnover
HR Analytics has expanded increasingly in the last two decades. Nowadays, several Companies use the supremacy of analytics, in gaining a competitive edge over others by recognizing all essentials of the employees. Organizations aim to optimize employee-performance, and hence are making use of HR analytics to drive strategic HR decisions. This study examines the advent of HR analytics by in measuring and improving employee engagement and turnover. Employee engagement analytics stands for exercising the use of data in decision-making process by integrating employee engagement with other HR and non-HR data. Employee engagement analytics is a subsection of workforce-analytics. It has become the standard contemporary system in advanced employee administration and retention. Employee engagement analytics benefits all stakeholders within the organization. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
The Fusion of Co-Branding and Digital Fashion: Transforming Smart Luxury Products in the Digital Era
In the evolving landscape of luxury products, co-branding strategies and digital fashion integration have become essential tools for enhancing brand value and consumer engagement. Smart luxury products, which incorporate advanced technology, require a unique blend of traditional craftsmanship and digital innovation to maintain exclusivity while catering to tech-savvy consumers. This chapter explores the strategic collaborations between luxury brands and technology firms, analysing their impact on brand equity, consumer perception, and market performance. It examines case studies of successful co-branding initiatives and evaluates the role of digital fashion in enhancing personalization and sustainability in luxury consumption. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Consumer decision-making journey and the role of AI-enabled mimic technology and social robots
AI is essential for optimising the customer journey since it customises interactions at every stage of the process. Companies can predict consumer patterns and prepare for demands with the help of predictive analytics. Mimicking technology can significantly affect the way customers feel, practices and beliefs, which in turn can affect how they make choices. Social networking platforms, for example, employ mimic technology to follow users' online habits and recommend content according to what they are likely to find interesting. Furthermore, mimic technology can be used to create immersive shopping experiences that influence consumers' emotions and purchasing decisions. Consumers might be able to interact with virtual organisations, try on clothes and assess goods thanks to virtual reality and augmented reality. As a result, consumers could become more confident when making buying decisions, increasing the possibility that they will buy something. Understanding how mimic technology works can help businesses create better consumer-friendly goods and services as well as more successful marketing initiatives. This chapter would present a systematic review of the evolution of decision-making process and the role of social robots and mimicking technology. This chapter would explore the most novel and trending advances in AI-based mimicking technology fluxing the consumer buying decisions. Additionally, the study would describe the existing challenges of software architecture of AI-enabled mimicking technologies and social robots. Finally, the study would present the future directions that these systems can take in the future. 2025 Sunanda Vincent Jaiwant, Ajitha Haridasan and Dheepa T. All rights reserved.