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Conflict and Coexistence of Human Rights: An Exploratory Study with Reference to Intellectual Property Rights
Human rights and Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) have developed independently. Human rights are inalienable rights associated with human dignity while IPRs are the rights with the goal of promoting innovations and the interests of select communities to further economic and technological growth. The economic and personal interests of the individual have received prime attention under the international intellectual property law. Economic growth is given priority over human rights in the international criteria for IPRs in global trade. Whereas, it has a significant impact on the implementation of human rights for both individuals and communities, including the rights to adequate food, health, environment, and education. IPRs are gravely at odds with human rights, even though a connection between the two rights can be found in General Comment No. 17 on Article 15(1)(c) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). According to the UDHR, intellectual property is a human right in and of itself, but its enforcement often infringes other human rights. In light of the above perspective, the authors explore the interrelationship between IPRs and human rights and also analyze the evolving IPRs, in different fields of its application, causing adversarial impacts on several other human rights. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Perceptual span in reading Aksharic Kannada
Perceptual span, the effective visual field in reading covered in a single fixation, varies across orthographies. The perceptual span for reading English covers 34-character spaces to the left of fixation and around 1415-character spaces to the right of the fixation while for Chinese it is one character space to the left and 3-character spaces to the right of the fixation. In the present study, we estimated the perceptual span for Kannada, a major South Indian language written in akshara (abugida type) using the gaze-contingent moving window paradigm. We recorded eye movements from skilled Kannada readers when they read sentences in different window sizes and compared the eye movement measures with that of full-length sentence reading. Results showed that the perceptual span for Kannada covers one akshara to the left and 6-akshara to the right of the fixation. Future studies need to establish whether all Akshara orthographies show a similar percentual span. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. -
Modelling Climate, COVID-19, and Reliability Data: A New Continuous Lifetime Model under Different Methods of Estimation
In this article, a new continuous probability distribution called Arvind distribution is developed and studied. The proposed distribution has only one parameter but it exhibits a wide variety of shapes for density and hazard rate functions. A number of important distributional properties including mode, quantile function, moments, skewness, kurtosis, mean deviation, probability-weighted moments, stress-strength reliability, order statistics, reliability and hazard rate functions, Bonferroni Lorenz and Zenga curves, conditional moments, mean residual and mean past life functions, and stochastic ordering of the Arvind distribution are derived. For point estimation of the parameter of the proposed distribution, six estimation procedures including maximum likelihood, maximum product spacings, least squares, weighted least squares, Cram-von Mises, and Anderson-Darling estimators are used. The interval estimation of the unknown parameter has also been discussed using observed Fishers information. A vast simulation study has been conducted to examine the behaviour of different estimation procedures. Finally, the applicability of the proposed model is demonstrated by using three real-life datasets. The results of the real data analysis clearly announce that the Arvind distribution can be a better alternative to several existing models for modelling different types of data from various fields. 2024, Society of Statistics, Computer and Applications. All rights reserved. -
GaitRec-Net: A Deep Neural Network for Gait Disorder Detection Using Ground Reaction Force
Walking (gait) irregularities and abnormalities are predictors and symptoms of disorder and disability. In the past, elaborate video (camera-based) systems, pressure mats, or a mix of the two has been used in clinical settings to monitor and evaluate gait. This article presents an artificial intelligence-based comprehensive investigation of ground reaction force (GRF) pattern to classify the healthy control and gait disorders using the large-scale ground reaction force. The used dataset comprised GRF measurements from different patients. The article includes machine learning- and deep learning-based models to classify healthy and gait disorder patients using ground reaction force. A deep learning-based architecture GaitRec-Net is proposed for this classification. The classification results were evaluated using various metrics, and each experiment was analysed using a fivefold cross-validation approach. Compared to machine learning classifiers, the proposed deep learning model is found better for feature extraction resulting in high accuracy of classification. As a result, the proposed framework presents a promising step in the direction of automatic categorization of abnormal gait pattern. 2022 Chandrasen Pandey et al. -
Refugees in host countries: A comparative study between Uyghurs in Turkey and Tibetans in India
The status of refugees in host nations may depend upon several factors, including the economic situation of the receiving state, political alignments, international commitments, ethnic affinities, the domestic refugee regime, security considerations and bilateral ties with the home country. The study aims to discern the role that bilateral ties and domestic considerations play in the refugee experience. Is there a pattern that can be drawn out from these two factors? The article uses neoclassical realist and critical theories to better understand the phenomena, while employing the case study method to make a comparative study. The study analyses how India and Turkey have dealt with refugees belonging to two ethnic minorities of the Republic of China: the Tibetans and the Uyghurs. The results show that the way the receiving states handle refugees depends greatly on domestic considerations. It becomes clear that even though bilateral ties between the host and the home nation are important, no simple deduction can be made on how this affects the treatment of refugees. Both cases provide varied response patterns; it is only through a blend of realpolitik and critical theory that the phenomena can be understood. Mapping refugees and their movements, as well as their status in the host countries, determines many of the policies created for their welfare. The article therefore attempts to provide a framework for a better understanding of the phenomena by considering bilateral ties and domestic considerations. The Author(s) 2022. -
Organizational Preparedness for Navigating Disruption Towards Sustainability: Strategies Analysis
The study explores how design thinking principles can be leveraged to enhance an organization's preparedness for disruptive innovation. To address this challenge, the authors sought to empathize with their clients, recognizing the need for a comprehensive evaluation. A framework guided by five fundamental principles - Scrutiny, Bravery, Resilience, Prosperous and Perseverance - was developed that integrates user-centred design methodologies to evaluate an organization's strengths and weaknesses in the face of disruption. We analysed and interpreted the intricacies of emerging market disruptions, providing organizations with the GroKalp Assessment Tool, an automated tool for self-evaluation and strategic adjustment leading towards a sustainable future. These principles were further broken down into fifteen distinct parameters, each thoughtfully designed to offer organizations a detailed and insightful method for evaluating their responses to the relentless waves of transformative innovation. By utilizing the GroKalp Assessment Tool, organizations can position themselves in one of three categories: Innovators, Adapters, or Resistance Fighters. Design thinking tools are vital in this process, as they encourage creative problem-solving, innovation, and adaptation in an era of rapid technological change. The Authors. -
Flexible polymer composite films incorporated with Li-ion/reduced graphene oxide: excellent optical and photoluminescence performance
A flexible polymer composite film (PL-rGO) was prepared from reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (derived from graphite) and lithium phosphate (Li3PO4) incorporated in a pale yellow colored polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) polymer by solution casting method. The resulting flexible translucent PL-rGO composite films were obtained with smooth surface and thickness in the range of 23m. The optical and photoluminescence properties of PL-rGO were explored in the present study. The intensity of photoluminescence spectra at excitation band ? 320nm increases with significant broadening with varying concentration of rGO in the matrix. The evaluated direct and indirect energy bandgap of PL-rGO composite from optical absorbance is in the range of 3.06 ~ 3.26eV. These results from optical properties for PL-rGO composite indicate the accurate tailoring of the composite by changing the rGO volume fraction. 2019, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology. -
Green Luminescence and Irradiance Properties of Carbon Dots Cross-linked with Polydimethylsiloxane
In the present report, we have synthesized carbon dots by using anthracite coal as a precursor. The purpose of this work is to address the sensitivity and surface coating ability of carbon dots with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer. The photoluminescence study shows the shift in emission wavelength of carbon dots in water and polymer individually for different excitation wavelengths (320-480 nm). The shifted peaks have higher intensities for higher excitation wavelengths, which are desirable for real world optical applications. This study gives a simple and novel approach to tune the fluorescence spectrum over the entire UV region just by varying the concentration of carbon dots in the polymer base. Detailed characterization revealed that the increase in the intensity of emission peaks can be obtained by using a polymer base system and changing the concentration of carbon dots. This new approach significantly opens a new window for multiapproach sensing methods. The irradiance studies of carbon dots with PDMS resulted in a decrease in absorption. This explains the photodegradation and photophysical properties of the material. The wettability property of the sample by using contact angle studies reveals its significance in coating industries such as nanoengineering, adhesives, casting, and injection molding. Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society. -
Effect of Temperature on Electrical Properties of Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)/Li-ion Embedded Flexible Solid Polymer Electrolyte Films
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized from graphite powder by modified Hummers method. The rGO is emerged with Polystyrene sulfonic acid/Lithium phosphate to prepare PL-rGO solid polymer electrolyte films. The electrical properties of Polystyrene sulfonic acid/Lithium phosphate/reduced graphene oxide composites were analyzed, which is an essential property to obtain the performance, reliability and lifetime of battery with respect to temperature. The mass and charge transfer process that takes place at the interface of electrode and electrolyte was obtained by Impedance analyzer. The Nyquist plots were plotted in the frequency range 1 Hz-35 MHz at different temperatures (30-100OC). The ionic conductivity of PL-rGO polymer electrolyte is 1.4x10-3 S/c.m has been observed for the composition PSSA/Li3PO4/rGO::50:45:05 wt%. The conductivity of PL-rGO composites is directly related to temperature. The hopping of the ions in the PL-rGO is observed by using dc conductivity which follows the Arrhenius relationship. 2019 Elsevier Ltd. -
Superior charge discharge ability of reduced graphene oxide/Li-ion embedded polymer composite films
Electroactive polymeric composites are recent generation material for energy application in lithium batteries, solar cells and supercapacitors. In present study, reduced graphene oxide is prepared from graphite powder using liquid exfoliation. The synthesized reduced graphene oxide is embedded with polystyrene sulfonic acid/lithium phosphate polymer electrolyte to obtain polymer composite films. The dielectric studies of composite reveals huge change in relaxation time with addition of rGO in polymeric lithium ion composites. This attributes to decrease in ion-dipolar interaction strength and enhanced polymer segmental motion in presence of carbon. It also implies the activation of electrochemical properties of polystyrene sulfonic acid/lithium phosphate/reduced graphene oxide (PLrGO) composites which can be effectively utilize for charge storage applications. The PLrGO composite exhibits an improved electrochemical performance with different scan rate on potential window ranged between ? 0.5 and 1.2V. The specific capacitance value of ~ 17F/g with high rate chargedischarge capability over 8000 cycles was observed. Higher electrochemical stability and steady charge/discharge behavior makes PLrGO composites a promising candidate for charge storage applications. 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Quantum mechanical and spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman,1H,13C NMR, UV-Vis) studies, NBO, NLO, HOMO, LUMO and Fukui function analysis of 5-Methoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2(3H)-thione by DFT studies
Theoretical analysis of the molecular structure, spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman, 1H, 13C NMR, UV-Vis) studies, and thermodynamic characteristics of 5-Methoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2(3H)-thione (5MBIT) molecule were done by DFT/B3LYP using 6-311++G(d, p) basis set. Theoretical parameters were compared with experimental data. The dipole moment (?), polarizability (??) and first order hyperpolarizability (?) of the molecule were calculated. Thermodynamic properties, HOMO and LUMO energies were determined. Global reactivity parameters and Fukui function of the 5MBIT molecule were predicted. 2016 Elsevier B.V. -
An Innovative Way of Trackable GDS in the Field of CC
It is important to provide security and efficient data exchange in cloud infrastructure and achieve traceability and anonymity of data. mean For high levels of safety and performance in one Anonymously, this article addresses the topic It allows data to be exchanged and stored between members of the same group in the cloud. Proposed arrangement creates unique and traceable group data sharing policies using group signatures and special agreements Strategies to accomplish these goals. this Facilitates anonymous communication between systems Public clouds have many users and. Real people following up when needed. Also, the system implements the main agreement programs to make it easier for team members to. Obtain a shared session key for secure data exchange and storage facilities. Basic generation processes a Symmetric Balanced Incomplete Block Theory (SBIBD), significantly reducing the workload of team members a shared session key must be introduced. In cloud computing contexts, the suggested system guarantees efficiency and security for group data sharing, as shown by theoretical analysis and experimental validation. 2024 IEEE. -
Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of oxovanadium(IV) complexes of heterocyclic acid hydrazones
Two acid hydrazones, furan-2-carbaldehyde nicotinic hydrazone (L1) and furan-2-carbaldehyde benzhydrazone (L2) have been synthesized and they are characterized by elemental analysis, IR, NMR and UV spectral analysis. Oxovanadium(IV) complexes of these two hydrazones were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV, EPR, molar conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Conductivity measurements reveal that the complexes are non-electrolytes. Spectral data indicates the square pyramidal geometry for the monomeric five coordinated oxovanadium(IV) complexes with the general formula [VO(L)(OCH3)]. The complex was studied for its catalytic activity and was found to be a good catalyst in quinoxaline synthesis. -
Blockchain Technology: Applications and Challenges in Computer Science
In the growth of computer science blockchain technology has emerged as a disruptive force that is enhancing various area of software and the way data is managed, stored, and safeguarded. This essay offers a thorough examination of the uses and difficulties of blockchain technology in computer science. In this essay, blockchain technology has shown itself to be a game-changing innovation with numerous computer science applications. It has the enormous potential to completely transform sectors including finance, supply chain management, healthcare, voting systems, and IoT devices. The software technology is completely achieved with blockchain technology and the main security issue is solved with energy use and scalability. The new opportunities are examined and addressed with this innovation sector for creating effective solutions. 2023 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved. -
RETAIL INVESTORS PARTICIPATION IN INDIAN CORPORATE BOND MARKET: A CRITICAL STUDY
A developed and vibrant corporate bond market provides an important means of financial resources to corporate, in addition to bank financing. It brings transparency and prudence into financial system and helps in minimizing risks in financial system through diversification. The main objective of this study is to find out the various issues and hurdles faced by retail investors and come out with appropriate suggestions in this regard. A modest attempt has also been made to understand the present status of the Indian corporate bond market in reference to retail investors participation. The study reveals that, in spite of sincere efforts of policymakers, the participation of retail investors in Indian corporate bond market are negligible. It has also been observed that the important issues of retail investors are related to safety of principal, returns, liquidity and tax benefits. It is expected that the suggestions made in this paper, if implemented, will definitely helpful in attracting retail investors to Indian corporate bond market. 2024 Published by Faculty of Engineering. -
The impact of audit committee independence and competence on investors investment decision making: A study in the Indian context
This study examined the impact of an independent and competent audit committee on the decision-making process of investors in the Indian capital market and adopted a quantitative approach in which cross-sectional data are gathered with the help of a self-administered questionnaire survey. The selection of participants involves a stratified random sample technique, specifically targeting 441 regular investors associated with nine prominent brokerage houses in the Delhi NCR engaged in equity market investments. Descriptive analysis is applied to discern respondent characteristics, whereas correlation and regression analyses are utilised to test and elucidate the relationships and influences among variables in the model. The findings of this study, which indicate a notable correlation between investors' investment decision-making in India and the independence and competence of the audit committee, are in line with the expectation that independence and competence are essential attributes that the audit committee must possess. These characteristics, in turn, have a notable influence on investors' investment decisions. The outcome of this paper fills a gap in the literature by offering insights into the vital attributes of audit committee independence and competence that notably contribute to investment decision-making in India. This research examined the impact of an independent and competent audit committee on the decision-making process of investors in the Indian capital market, which has never been examined before. Thus, the findings shed light on the influence of board independence and competence on the decision-making process of investors in the Indian capital market. 2025, Malque Publishing. All rights reserved. -
On l(T, 1)-colouring of certain classes of graphs
For a given set T of non-negative integers including zero and a positive integer k, the L(T, 1)-Colouring of a graph G = (V, E) is a function c: V(G) ? {0, 0, , k} such that |c(u) ? c(v)| ? T if the distance between u and v is 1 and |c(u) ? c(v)| ? 0 whenever u and v are at distance 2. The L(T,1)-span, ?T,1(G) is the smallest positive integer k such that G admits an L(T, 1)-Colouring. In this article we initiate a study of this concept of L(T, 1)-Colouring by determining the value of ?T,1(G) for some classes of graphs and present algorithms to obtain the L(T, 1)-Colouring of paths and stars. 2020 IJSTR. -
L(t, 1)-colouring of graphs
One of the most famous applications of Graph Theory is in the field of Channel Assignment Problems. There are varieties of graph colouring concepts that are used for different requirements of frequency assignments in communication channels. We introduce here L(t, 1)-colouring of graphs. This has its foundation in T-colouring and L(p, q)-colouring. For a given finite set T including zero, an L(t, 1)-colouring of a graph G is an assignment of non-negative integers to the vertices of G such that the difference between the colours of adjacent vertices must not belong to the set T and the colours of vertices that are at distance two must be distinct. The variable t in L(t, 1) denotes the elements of the set T. For a graph G, the L(t, 1)-span of G is the minimum of the highest colour used to colour the vertices of a graph out of all the possible L(t, 1)-colourings. It is denoted by ?t,1(G). We study some properties of L(t, 1)-colouring. We also find upper bounds of ?t,1(G) of stars and multipartite graphs. I??k University, Department of Mathematics, 2022; all rights reserved. -
Role of Need for Achievement on Decision making and Life Orientation of Young Adults
Purpose-To assess the role of need for achievement on decision making and life orientation of young adults. Design/methodology/approach-The data was collected from the participants using a questionnaire. The sample size is 100 young adults. The sampling technique used is convenience sampling, and the research design is a cross-sectional survey. It was hypothesised that individuals high in achievement motivation will also be high in life orientation level and there will be a positive correlation between achievement motivation and decision making. Findings The results of the study indicate that an individual high in achievement motivation will also be high in life orientation level and a positive correlation is found between achievement motivation and decision making. The other findings are that optimising decision-making styles is positively correlated with achievement motivation and a significant difference in achievement motivation between males and females is found, indicating a higher need for achievement in females as compared to males. Social Implications-The findings of the study are considerable with respect to the personal, professional, and educational development of young adults. As the research suggests, there is a positive relationship between decision-making styles, achievement motivation, and orientation towards life. Therefore, various decision-making styles can be introduced in the behavioural sciences subject domain. Higher achievement needs in females indicate their potential in various professional realms, and such platforms, if provided, can increase women's participation in the workforce, resulting in economic, social, and personal development for women as well as society. Originality/ Value The youth of a country are its greatest assets, and for an aspirational country, there is a need for a highly motivated task force. The research topic focuses on how motivated behaviour occupies a central position in personality and its relationship with decision-making style and orientation towards life. This study focuses on the need of the hour, which is harnessing our youth and exploring more about the achievement-oriented behaviour and optimistic outlook of young adults, which is the demographic dividend of the country. 2022 RESTORATIVE JUSTICE FOR ALL.