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Paired Domination Integrity of Graphs
The concept of vulnerability in a communication network plays an important role when there is a disruption in the network. There exist several graph parameters that measure the vulnerability of a communication network. Domination integrity is one of the vulnerability parameters that measure the performance of a communication network. In this paper, we introduce the concept of paired domination integrity of a graph as a new measure of graph vulnerability. Let G = (V,E) be a simple, connected graph. A set of vertices in a graph G, say S, is a paired dominating set if the following two conditions are satisfied: (i) every vertex of G has a neighbor in S and (ii) the subgraph induced by S contains a perfect matching. The paired domination integrity of G, denoted by PDI(G), is defined as PDI(G) = min{|S| + m(G - S): S is a paired dominating set of G}, where m(G - S) is the order of the largest component in the induced subgraph of G - S. In this paper, we determine few bounds relating paired domination integrity with other graph parameters and the paired domination integrity of some classes of graphs. 2024 World Scientific Publishing Company. -
Palladium immobilized on guanidine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles: a highly effective and recoverable catalyst for ultrasound aided Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions
We designed and prepared a palladium catalyst that can be magnetically recyclable by anchoring guanidine moiety on the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, named Fe3O4@SiO2-TCT-Gua-Pd. It was established to be a potent catalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction (SMCR) in the EtOH/H2O system under ultrasonic conditions. FT-IR spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis, vibration sample magnetometry (VSM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) analyses were used to characterize the structure of the Fe3O4@SiO2-TCT-Gua-Pd nanoctalyst. The Fe3O4@SiO2-TCT-Gua-Pd catalyst produced favorable coupled products with excellent yields and was harmonious with various aryl halides and aryl boronic acids. The stability, low palladium leaching, and heterogeneous nature of the nanocatalyst were confirmed by a hot-filtration test. The palladium nanocatalyst could be easily recovered by magnetic field separation and recycled at least 6 times in a row without noticeable loss in its catalytic activity. 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry. -
Palliative care in duchenne muscular dystrophy: A study on parents' understanding
Introduction: Duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disease of childhood, which has clear progression. The international standardized care guidelines for DMD suggest that palliative care is essential for the affected children. Objective: To explore the parent's understanding of palliative care services available for children with DMD and the challenges faced by them in utilizing the same. Methods: A cross-sectional qualitative exploratory study was conducted among six families of boys diagnosed with DMD. A semi-structured interview guide with prompts was used to conduct in-depth interviews which lasted for an average of 1 h. Thematic analysis was done to identify the pattern or themes. Results: The major themes identified were 'palliative care, living with DMD, awareness about palliative care services and challenges.' Awareness about palliative care services is the dominant theme identified as influencing rest of the experiences narrated by the parents of children with DMD. Discussion: Integration of palliative care services from an early stage of the illness can help the child to make transition from one stage to another stage of the illness. To ensure the utilization of the available palliative care services, there is a need to create awareness about it among the general public. Conclusion: Introducing the concept of palliation of symptoms and ensuring quality of life of the child with DMD by accessing the available services can aid the parents to reach out for help for their child. 2021 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved. -
Pan-generation investigation of sustainability factors in conjunction with personality aspects influencing consumer's perception towards sustainable marketing
Sustainability has become the goal of governments and organizations worldwide since the 2030 agenda of the United Nations was declared. The large number of products has emerged in the market that claims to be green and sustainable or promise to serve a social cause. Even though numerous studies that claim consumers are increasingly conscious of their choices and consumption behaviour there has been a marked gap between this awareness and the actual behaviour exhibited. In a quest to comprehend the curious gap between the attitude and behaviour of consumers, several studies have endeavored to find a plausible explanation. Marketing specialists have come up with several strategies in order to make sustainable marketing a success but inexplicably still fail to do so. This study proposes a conceptual framework that comprehensively explains the impact of external and internal drivers for a consumer's perception of products that claim to be sustainable in nature, which may eventually explain the attitude-behaviour gap. This has been constructed using well-established consumer behaviour and personality theories. Sample size was calculated using proportion to population method and was derived as 270. Judgment and convenience sampling were used to collect the data through a structured questionnaire. The study uncovered that age influences the attitudes of consumers and both Gen X (cohort born between 1965-79) and Y (cohort born between 1980-96) bear positive attitudes towards sustainable marketing. Pricing had a major influence as well, buyers who ranked high on the 'Conventional' and 'Realistic' interests of the RIASEC personality model had a more positive perception. 2021 Ecological Society of India. All rights reserved. -
PANCHAYAT SYSTEM IN KARNATAKA: DEMOCRACY, REPRESENTATION AND POLITICAL PARTIES; [SISTEMA PANCHAYAT EM KARNATAKA: DEMOCRACIA, REPRESENTAO E PARTIDOS POLICOS]
As far as the Indian sub-continent is concerned local governance/panchayat has an elaborate history. The rural population have for long practiced this system of governing themselves through their representatives. The mode of working and the powers vested in the local bodies, have not been uniform throughout. The federation conferred constitutional status to the local governance bodies in 1993 and this system has progressed in an interesting way. Karnataka, a southern State in India has been ahead of time in enacting legislations dealing with local governance. Even before the amendment inserting provisions to the Constitution of India was passed, Karnataka had and was implementing extravagant laws pertaining to panchayats. Since democracy and decentralisation are closely associated with the panchayats, the idea of representation has a key role to play. The concerns with respect to involvement and influence of political parties in the local body elections are an important aspect as well. This paper ventures out to understand the panchayat system in Karnataka, pre and post the Constitutional amendment. The paper intends to throw light on the essence of the legislations relating to panchayats in Karnataka and understand the idea of democracy, representational factor and the concept of elections on a non-party basis. The researchers have keenly pondered upon the implementation of apolitical elections in Karnataka, the flaws in the proposed phenomenon. The paper also aims to look into hurdles in the way of these local bodies and propose suggestions to get over the same. Purpose: To Analyze the panchayat system in Karnataka, both before and after the 1993 constitutional amendment. Examine the essence of Karnataka's panchayat-related legislation. Explore the concepts of democracy, representation, and non-party elections in the context of panchayats. Evaluate the implementation of non-partisan elections in Karnataka and identify potential flaws. Analyze the challenges faced by panchayats and propose solutions. Theoretical Reference: Mainly Doctrinal research methodology. Relies on primary sources like the Indian Constitution, relevant statutes relating to panchayaths, and relevant data. Draws on secondary sources like articles and research papers. Method: Analyzes relevant legal documents and scholarly works. Analytical Method of Study Comparative Studies in relation to various factors pertaining to the research between the three levels of Panchayat (Gram Panchayat, Taluk Panchayat and Zilla Panchayat) Results and Conclusion: Non-partisan elections in Karnataka are largely theoretical; political parties influence local elections. Political interference hinders effective panchayat functioning. The paper likely proposes recommendations for strengthening panchayats and minimizing political influence. Implications of Research: Provides insights into the challenges and potential of decentralized governance in India. Informs policymakers and stakeholders about improving panchayat effectiveness. May contribute to debates on non-partisan elections and local democracy. Originality/Value: The study offers a focused analysis of Karnataka's panchayat system within a specific theoretical framework. Its findings on the limitations of non-partisan elections could be valuable for other regions considering similar approaches. 2024 ANPAD - Associacao Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Administracao. All rights reserved. -
Pandemic Pulse: Unveiling Insights with the Global Health Tracker Through AI and ML
The current study highlights the importance of data analysis by applying data visualization tools to help you understand the pandemic disease informational component, and how it can be converted into knowledge that might enhance decision-making processes. In Tableau, a software for displaying data, researchers have incorporated a pandemic disease informational component from Coursera to improve assessment and selection. After becoming familiar with the data and the data visualization technological advances, some of it will be expected to conduct an initial investigation to identify significant changes in the data that is under consideration, compile and present this pandemic disease informational component, and enhance the corporate decision-making process. This issue for inquiry highlights the significance of knowledge examination via the use of communication visualization applications to aid in your comprehension of the pandemic disease informational component as well as how it may be changed into knowledge that may enhance the process of arriving at decisions. The creators of the knowledge representation computation application scenario used data from Coursera to improve their studies and make decisions. One will need to conduct an exploratory inquiry to find notable trends within the data after familiarizing oneself with it by utilizing visualization programs to compile and distribute this data to improve the company's decision-making procedures. This specific software is designed to be utilized in an early administrative duties course, an undergraduate accounting data structure course, or a data analytics-only educational program as a basic introduction to an informative visualization computer application. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
Pandemic recovery strategies: A disaster management tourism framework
Purpose: The leisure industry is colossally impacted by varied types of crisis. Assessing the volatility; an attempt is made towards disaster planning and a response system. This chapter indicates an all-inclusive integrated approach to deal with disasters and narrates conceptual and latest factual findings in the space of disaster management. An efficient and self-equipped attraction demands a competent and efficient disaster management system in place. Methodology: This chapter devises measures to deal with the capacity of a destination during pandemic and proposes recovering strategies for the leisure business. Destination governance and disaster management techniques are well explored in the proposed chapter. Findings: An imperative study of this nature will determine the role of cultural perceptions of varied risk and threats in a pandemic scenario. Innovative practices of disaster governance and Post-disaster recovery strategies are crucial mechanisms for the sustenance of tourism and hospitality sector. Originality-Value: The conceptual ideas and outcomes obtained in this chapter helps policy makers not only to find new strategies to placate the negative impacts of COVID-19 on the organic image of tourist destinations but also assists in accelerating the recovery timeframe just after the pandemic. 2022 Joseph Chacko Chennattuserry, Bindi Varghese, N Elangovan and H Sandhya. -
Pandemic Resilient Organizational Behaviour: From the Lens of Stakeholder and Legitimacy Theory
The Covid-19 pandemic spread on global map with unprecedented speed and created an environment of uncertainty, anxiety and disruption. India, being a densely populated country, had been looked upon with apprehension and later on with great admiration in controlling and managing the pandemic and its devastating effect. The study has built a thematic model for short-term and long-term pandemic resilient organizational practices based on stakeholder and legitimacy theory, which focuses on aligning business with societal values and stakeholder expectations. The foci have been stakeholder groups of employees, customers, suppliers and community. Sustainability reports of selected Indian companies based on GRI standards for FY from 2019 to 2022 are then scored based on the developed model. Further analysis explored changes in risk reporting framework in pandemic and post pandemic. The thematic coverage in sustainability reports for employees and community found a prominent place emphasizing the importance of these groups. The thematic disclosures for suppliers are the least disclosed, indicating areas for improvement in the business practices. Based on this thematic model, suggestions are also made for additional disclosure indicators in the GRI framework for stakeholder group of suppliers and customers. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
PANDEMIC-INDUCED CRISES IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY AN INDIAN CONTEXT
This paper aims to examine the pandemic-induced crises psychological and physical distress experienced by the employees during the Covid19 pandemic and the implications on job loss and job characteristics from all domains of the hospitality industry in India. The study is designed to explore the pandemic-induced tourism crisis along with emotional, mental, and physical effects. An in-depth qualitative exploration was used and a tool comprising of data sets include representatives from aviation, resorts and hotel segments, tour operators, and travel agents. The researchers used a semi-structured questionnaire that had two sections and explored industry concerns, HR strategies, and employee distress through a multi-stage process involving coding and content analysis. The study analyzed the pandemic-induced crises at the micro and macro levels and grouped them under three essential dimensions such as; organizational and industry concerns, organizational HR policies, and employees psychological distress. The subthemes under these dimensions can contribute to scale validation. The subthemes grouped under the three major dimensions have come out as a theoretical model of how the pandemic has affected professionals at these three levels. The findings as items can be validated through descriptive research in quantitative terms forming the future scope. The study analyzed the perceptions of professionals in the tourism and hospitality business amid the pandemic and concludes that a proactive HR policy can minimize employees psychological distress. 2022 Editura Universitatii din Oradea. All rights reserved. -
Pandemic, theatre and performance: Democratizing the subalterns through the Theatre of the Oppressed
The presented work analyses Theatre of the Oppressed (TO) methods impacting the pandemic. It follows the WHO timeline, when the COVID-19 pandemic had cast a dark shadow, making sustenance difficult for the marginalized section of Indian society. TO methods, though reflected, adapted and accommodated exhaustively in Indian applied theatre over the last four decades, offered a fresh, collective, democratic space during the pandemic. Forum theatre (FT) and legislative theatre (LT) praxis rendered a platform for activism, awareness and emancipation of the subalterns during the pandemic. Thus, TO renewed psycho-social dialogue and critical, creative, experimental space during this time. The applicability of such methods facilitating social change is gauged using Boals spect-actorship and Freires conscientization. The article looks forward to the TO signposts to serve as nodal points for further scholarly discussion and study on democratizing the disenfranchised population through FT and LT during the pandemic. 2023 Intellect Ltd Article. English language. All Rights Reserved. -
Pandemic, War and Geo-Political Risk: The Outlook for Global Economy
This Chapter analyses the world economic outlook in the backdrop of the Pandemic, the Russia-Ukraine war, geo-political tensions, and social unrest emerging around the world. The COVID-19 Pandemic an unwanted gift from the nature spreading across the nations in multiple waves and mutation has devastated the global economy. The governments and central banks responded with huge bailouts to beat the potential recession that led to excess liquidity and demand-pull inflation. The global GDP declined due to multiple lockdowns to contain the spread of the virus. Due to scarcity of inputs, labour and supply chain disruptions the cost of production surged and augmented cost-push inflation. Further, the Russian invasion of Ukraine aggravated the supply-side shocks from sanctions and energy and food inflation surgeda 38-year highto 6.7 percent in advanced economies and 8.7 percent in emerging markets and developing economies creating misery among people particularly in the low-income countries. The running magnitude of inflation complicated the policy efforts, and the central banks and governments reversed the trade-off for inflation from safeguarding the growth. Besides, the social unrest in developed countries (Canada, New Zealand, the US, Austria, the Netherland) and developing countries (Chile, Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Brazil, Belarus, Sri Lanka, Ethiopia, Burkina Faso, Tajikistan, and Sudan) have added the geo-political tensions (China and Taiwan) worsening the world economic outlook. The first section of this chapter narrates the COVID-19 pandemic impact (loss of lives and livelihood), leading to declining trends in global GDP, income, employment and international trade, and increasing trends in poverty, unemployment, inequality and inflation. The second section analyses the impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and social unrest gathering around the world leading to geo-political tensions, supply-side shocks and inflation trending to a level not seen in the last four decades. The policy efforts reversed to monetary tightening and increasing the interest rates causing capital outflows, currency depreciation and foreign exchange reserve meltdown. Developing countries with limited fiscal space to counteract are prone to prolonged stagflation (inflation plus unemployment) and skewflation risk (product prices rising but asset prices falling). In the near-term, the global economy is facing an extremely challenging outlook due to sharply rising food, fertilizer and energy prices, and rising interest rates, capital outflows, currency depreciation and unsustainable levels of external debt. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
Panel data analysis of Indian textile exports in the post quota period /
Trade And Development Review, Vol. 11, Issue 1-2, pp.1-27. -
PANI/Bi2O3 polymeric nanocomposite for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol
Nitro-aromatics pollute the aquatic environment and reach human beings via drinking water. 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) is the most common pollutant among them and can be reduced to non-toxic 4-aminophenol in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4). Polyaniline/bismuth oxide (PANI/Bi2O3) nanocomposite is synthesized from aniline and Bi2O3 by chemical oxidative polymerization. The composition and structural properties of PANI/Bi2O3 composite are identified by various characterization methods like X-ray powder diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis , and zeta potential analysis. The synthesized PANI/Bi2O3 shows high catalytic efficiency towards the reduction of 4-NP in the presence of NaBH4 under optimized reaction conditions. The numerous active sites on the composite and the presence of PANI/Bi2O3 interface are the reasons for the reduction of 4-NP to 4-aminophenol. A complete degradation is achieved in 15min with 0.1g of the composite. This nanocomposite shows good stability for five cycles without losing efficiency. PANI/Bi2O3 possesses a high reduction capacity and can be used to reduce other nitro organic pollutants in water. The aim of the study is to study the effective catalytic reduction of 4-NP using PANI/Bi2O3. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. -
Paradigm of Green Technologies in Hospitality Industry and its Sustainability Analytics
The function of the study is to investigate the customer attitude towards the sustainable or Green Technologies adopted by the hospitality industry and how this has changed the purchase intentions of the customer. This also explores the disposition of people to pay for and repeat these services and how the new green practice and techniques have changed the brand image. The data was collected through a monitored survey from 448 people across India. The conceptual framework that was formulated is tested during structural equational modelling. As a result of the study, it was found that, green purchase intentions are significantly influenced by the attitude they have towards Green Technologies/services. All stakeholders in the hospitality industry in India will find this paper useful. 2022 IEEE. -
Paradigm shift from AI to XAI of Society 5.0: Machine-centric to human-centric
Artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of things (IoT), and robotics have gained significant momentum to meet expectations in many applications. Data management has become a tedious job as businesses grow. The interruption of AI in business functions and a growing web-based service economy in the last decade have led the IoT to grow faster, reducing the tedious job. Timely interruption of eXplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) reduces the technical complexities. On the one hand, the AI of Industry 4.0 promises the easiness of business functions. On the other hand, XAI of Society 5.0 tends to ease people's social life. This chapter ascertains the impact of AI on significant business functions and tries to bring out challenges AI faces and ethical values that must be considered in business functions. This chapter also tries to shed some light on the evolution of XAI of Society 5.0 and reasons for the shift from AI to XAI or machine-centric to human-centric and concludes by highlighting the future of XAI. 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Parallel Algorithm to find Integer k where a given Well-Distributed Graph is k-Metric Dimensional
Networks are very important in the world. In signal processing, the towers are modeled as nodes (vertices) and if two towers communicate, then they have an arc (edge) between them or precisely, they are adjacent. The least number of nodes in a network that can uniquely locate every node in the network is known in the network theory as the resolving set of a network. One of the properties that is used in determining the resolving set is the distance between the nodes. Two nodes are at a distance one if there is a single arc can link them whereas the distance between any two random nodes in the network is the least number of distinct arcs that can link them. We propose two algorithms in this paper with the proofs of correctness. The first one is in lines with the BFS that find distance between a designated node to every other node in the network. This algorithm runs in O(log n). The second algorithm is to identify the integer k, such that the given graph is k-metric dimensional. This can be implemented in O(log n) time with O(n2) processors in a CRCW PRAM. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Parallel organizations and subversion of the grass-roots democracy in Andhra Pradesh
[No abstract available] -
Parallel queue scheduling in Dynamic Cloud environment using Backfilling algorithm
Cloud Computing reshapes the entire computing paradigm. In general, cloud computing means outsourcing available services and data storage in centralized scenario. In cloud computing task allocation is a major problem because multiple numbers of tasks are allocated to multiple numbers of processors for simultaneous processing. From the given list, tasks are queued according to the ascending order based on their duration. This paper is designed to solve the Task Scheduling problem, by using our proposed effective new approach of Backfilling algorithm. Depending upon the task duration, tasks are split into multiple threads for processing. Multiple thread tasks are processed in the basic concept of "gang scheduling" technique. Here we implement new backfilling algorithm concept to minimize the idle processing time of the processors. The existing Simple Backfilling Algorithm (SBA) is used to minimize the ideal time processing. Whereas comparatively Dynamic Cloud Scheduling using Backfilling Algorithm (DCBA) is designed to reduce the ideal time processing than SBA to carry out the process of both LQueue and SQueue simultaneously. At the outset, DCBA reduces the average waiting time. As mentioned the algorithm which is specified in the previous line that contains three level which represent the working speed of the algorithm. The first and second level of DCBA algorithm is comparatively similar to the performance of SBA algorithm. The maximum better performance was given in a queue size (q=1.5) by DCBA algorithm as compare to SBA algorithm. The existing type (Gang Scheduling) consist of two approaches namely Adaptive First Come First Serve (AFCFS) and Largest Job First Served (LJFS) that focus on non-parallel jobs with deadline. When compare to existing gang scheduling algorithm and SBA algorithm the average waiting time of DCBA has slight improvement in the loader level of the key. As the separation of the queue like LQ and SQ the waiting time and average waiting time is reduced comparatively. 2018, Intelligent Network and Systems Society. -
Parallelization of frequent itemset mining methods with fp-tree: An experiment with prepost+ algorithm
Parallel processing has turn to be a common programming practice because of its efficiency and thus becomes an interesting field for researchers. With the introduction of multi-core processors as well as general purpose graphics processing units, parallel programming has become affordable. This leads to the parallelization of many of the complex data processing algorithms including algorithms in data mining. In this paper, a study on parallel PrePost+ is presented. PrePost+ is an efficient frequent itemset mining algorithm. The algorithm has been modified as a parallel algorithm and the obtained result is compared with the result of sequential PrePost+ algorithm. 2021, Zarka Private University. All rights reserved. -
Parallelizing keyframe extraction for video summarization
In current era, most of the information is captured using multimedia techniques. Most used methods for information capturing is through images and videos. In processing a video, large information needs to be processed and a number of frames could contain similar information which could cause unnecessary delay in gathering the required information. Video summarization can speed up video processing. There are different techniques for video summarization. In this paper key frames are used for summarization. Key frames are extracted using discrete wavelet transforms. Two HD videos having 356 frames and 7293 frames were used as test videos and the runtime was 17 seconds and 98 seconds respectively in CPU and 11 seconds and 53 seconds respectively in GPU. 2015 IEEE.