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Machine Learning Based Optimal Feature Selection for Pediatric Ultrasound Kidney Images Using Binary Coati Optimization
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) one of the most dangerous illnesses. Early detection is vital for improving survival rates and underscoring the need for an intelligent classifier to differentiate between normal and abnormal kidney ultrasound images. Features extracted from an image have a significant impact on classification accuracy. In this study, we present a Binary Coati optimization algorithm (BCOA) for feature selection in CKD, which focuses on reducing the high dimensionality features extracted from ultrasound images, including GLCM, GLRLM, GLSZM, GLDM, NGTDM, and first order, by employing BCOA-S shaped and BCOA-V shaped transfer functions that convert BCOA from a continuous search space to a binary form, which helps in the selection of optimal features to improve the classification performance while reducing the feature dimensionality. The reduced feature was evaluated using six machine-learning classifiers: Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Decision tree, K-nearest Neighbor, XG-boost, and Nae Bayes. The efficiency of the proposed framework was assessed based on accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, f1 score and AUC curve. BCOA-V outperformed in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, F1 score and AUC curve by 99%,100%,97%,100%, 98%, and 98%, respectively. This makes it a superior choice for CKD diagnosis and is a valuable tool for feature selection in medical diagnosis. (2024), (Intelligent Network and Systems Society). All rights reserved. -
Machine Learning Based Parking Space Classification Using R-CNN and Faster R-CNN FPN Architecture
This research work aims to create an accurate and economical model for classifying parking space using deep learning techniques. Using current advances in deep learning and computer vision, the proposed model solves urban mobility difficulties, particularly parking management. To address parking space occupancy classification, the research work suggests using two proven deep learning architectures, R-CNN (Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks) and Faster R-CNN FPN (Feature Pyramid Network), as well as insights from previous research. The proposed models take advantage of the R-CNN and Faster R-CNN FPN architectures. This solution uses binary classifiers, such as ResNet50, to assess image patches representing individual parking spaces and offer precise occupancy values. Furthermore, this research investigates the Faster R-CNN FPN architecture, which uses a feature pyramid network to record hierarchical information and reason about complex spatial configurations in parking lots. The proposed models stand out for their ability to use high-resolution photos from real-world parking lots, allowing them to learn discriminative features automatically from raw image data. This differs from traditional methods that rely on handcrafted features, allowing the models to manage a wide range of parking lot circumstances, including changes in weather, illumination, and occlusions caused by surrounding vehicles or barriers. This research intends demonstrate the improved performance and scalability of deep learning models for parking space occupancy classification by conducting extensive testing. Here the implementation method focuses on systematic data collection, annotation, preprocessing, and model training to create machine learning models that can reliably categorize parking spot occupancy, allowing for successful parking management solutions in real-world scenarios. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Machine Learning based Plant Disease Identification by using Hybrid Nae Bayes with Decision Tree Algorithm
Artificial intelligence or machine learning as a domain started as a distinct domain marketplace for enthusiasts. Over an extended period of time, this has evolved into an industry with boundless potential. This is the focal point of a plethora of technologies like real-time analytics, deep learning in computer science. It's inherent to various customer needs such as fault detection, home automation, health monitoring devices as well as appliances, and multiple RPM devices Artificial intelligence which has been tested and trained to recognize and determine a plethora of flaws and inaccuracies. This could be intriguing procedures in day-to-day applications. An unimaginable number of prediction models, packages, libraries as well as sensors are utilized to sieve through flaws with the aid of mobile app development and other multispectral sensors. These trendy devices have become ever present and a part of our extensive routine. The demand for dependable and efficient algorithms is satisfied while implementing these devices. The objective primarily dictates emphasis on the prediction of plant diseases in the agricultural arena in reality by providing aid in the field of agriculture, and industry. In this case, the device incorporates a database which stores and keeps track of previously detected flaws or defects. In addition, the history of detected plant infections is maintained in an online repository. This can help with the forecast of the defects within the gadgets that are to be enhanced. Furthermore, the suggested approach of this text inculcates the invigilation of every leaf in the plant via machine learning model. Hence, this approach of implementation limits interaction of humans with the interface and it detects disease ridden plants efficiently with accuracy. The plant disease identification problem is to solve the proposed hybrid Nae Bayes with Decision Tree algorithm. The proposed model provides higher accuracy level compare to the regular model. 2023 IEEE. -
Machine Learning Based Recession Prediction Analysis Using Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
This research article aims to explore the prediction and analysis of recessions, with a particular focus on Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The study examines the impact of recessions on different countries, namely India, USA, Germany, China, and Bangladesh, while also considering the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on these nations in relation to the recessionary effects. Furthermore, the study lists many machine learning techniques that could be used to anticipate recessions. This research mainly focuses on predicting recession using different machine learning models. The research not only provides an in-depth analysis of the recessionary impacts on different economies but also serves as a foundation for future implementation of these algorithms for accurate recession prediction and proactive economic decision-making. This research study mainly focuses on machine learning algorithms like Random Forest, Support Vector Machines and Regression Model. The GDP prediction comparison is taking last twenty years data. This is mainly compared before and after COVID-19 situation. 2023 IEEE. -
Machine Learning Based recommendation system Using User-Item Interaction
Electronic commerce, or e-commerce, is the activity of trading services and commodities through the internet. Identifying the item that the consumer may buy from the enormous number of possibilities accessible to solve this difficulty is now one of the key difficulties encountered by most E-commerce businesses. Recommender systems have been implemented. Recommender systems (RS) are systems that collect information from users about their preferences and allow them to make decisions from the available options. Today, various recommender systems are growing with the advent of web-based information. As you can see from various articles, such recommender systems are used in a variety of industries, from simple objects to more sophisticated objects.RS has gained popularity in the previous decade, particularly in the realm of E-Commerce and related sectors. This report aims to identify recent developments as well as their potential for improvement. It is intended to elaborate on a number of points. And also work more on user-item based recommendation. These types of user-item based recommendation will be more effective in fashion area. 2022 IEEE. -
Machine Learning Based Spam E-Mail Detection Using Logistic Regression Algorithm
The rise of spam mail, or junk mail, has emerged as a significant nuisance in the modern digital landscape. This surge not only inundates user's email inboxes but also exposes them to security threats, including malicious content and phishing attempts. To tackle this escalating problem, the proposed machine learning-based strategy that employs Logistic Regression for accurate spam mail prediction. This research is creating an effective and precise spam classification model that effectively discerns between legitimate and spam emails. To achieve this, we harness a meticulously labeled dataset of emails, each classified as either spam or non-spam. This model is to apply preprocessing techniques to extract pertinent features from the email content, encompassing word frequencies, email header data, and other pertinent textual attributes. The choice of Logistic Regression as the foundational classification algorithm is rooted in its simplicity, ease of interpretation, and appropriateness for binary classification tasks. To process train the model using the annotated dataset, refining its hyper parameters to optimize its performance. By incorporating feature engineering and dimensionality reduction methodologies, bolster the model's capacity to generalize effectively to unseen data. Our evaluation methodology encompasses rigorous experiments and comprehensive performance contrasts with other well-regarded machine learning algorithms tailored for spam classification. The assessment criteria encompass accuracy, precision, recall, and the F1 score, offering a holistic appraisal of the model's efficacy. Furthermore, we scrutinize the model's resilience against diverse forms of spam emails, in addition to its capacity to generalize to new data instances. This model is to findings conclusively demonstrated that our Logistic Regression-driven spam mail prediction model achieves a competitive performance standing when juxtaposed with cutting-edge methodologies. The model adeptly identifies and sieves out spam emails, thereby cultivating a more trustworthy and secure email environment for users. The interpretability of the model lends valuable insights into the pivotal features contributing to spam detection, thereby aiding in the identification of emerging spam patterns. 2023 IEEE. -
Machine Learning Based Time Series Analysis for COVID-19 Cases in India
The World Health Organization declared the Coronavirus Infection, or COVID-19, to be widespread. One of the most appropriate methodologies for COVID-19 is time series analysis. The most appropriate technique for COVID-19 is time series analysis. It can be applied to Recognizing Information Patterns and Predicting Insights. The paper summarises the components of time series using the COVID-19 dataset for India as an example of one of the most important methodologies in predictive analytics. Time series models are chosen because they can predict future outcomes, comprehend prior outcomes, provide strategy recommendations, and much more. These common goalrists of temporal arrangement modelling do not differ significantly from those of cross-sectional or board data modelling. Machine Learning may be a well-known fact that it is an excellent technique for imagining, discourse, and standard dialect management for a large clarified accessible dataset. The results for confirmed, recovered, and death cases are presented in this study. 2022 IEEE. -
Machine learning based Unique Perfume Flavour Creation Using Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR)
Artificial intelligence played a vital role in brings revolutionary changes in the field of perfumery. It is much evident with events including the success of Philyra, exhibitions showcasing the ideas of this concept. Machine learning made it user friendly and more comfortable for the users by means of suggestive interaction. Machine learning also benefited the perfumers in helping them to choose the best combinations and likely successful outcomes. With growing concern about a healthy lifestyle, the thoughts about having an artificial intelligence to predict the user friendliness could be a huge success. This definitely would require a huge database comprising a large detail about diseases and the causes and combinational results of the various chemicals used in perfumery. This system may not be a completely successful one but would be reliable to a better extent. It would gain a positive response from various governmental health departments and would be encouraged by the consumers. Also, another possible development would be Artificial intelligence that is able to predict how long a perfume can last. This would let the consumer choose the one that suits the need. Through this idea we could now get a clear idea about the progress that we have made till this day. Further we can also be driven into vague ideas about how the future of Artificial intelligence would likely grow into. Machine learning and deep learning is a major pillar of artificial intelligence with larger application. Coming to our domain of discussion, artificial intelligence changed the way that things were in the past centuries about fragrance. This article proposed Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) method is used to predict the best perfume flavour. The proposed system also reduces mean absolute error (MAE). The proposed QSAR is also reducing the chemical composition and increase the perfume quality. 2021 IEEE. -
Machine Learning Classifiers for Credit Risk Analysis
The modern world is a place of global commerce. Since globalization became popular, entrepreneurs of small and medium enterprises to large ones have looked up to banks, which have existed in various forms since antiquity, as their pillars of support. The risk of granting loans in various forms has significantly increased as a consequence of this, the businesses face financing difficulties. Credit Risk Analysis is a major aspect of approving the loan application that is done by analyzing different types of data. The goal is to minimize the risk of approving the loan for the Individuals or businesses who might not pay back on time. This research paper addresses this challenge by applying various machine learning classifiers to the German credit risk dataset. By evaluating and comparing the accuracy of these models to identify the most effective classifier for credit risk analysis. Furthermore, it proposes a contributory approach that combines the strengths of multiple classifiers to enhance the decision-making process for loan approvals. By leveraging ensemble learning techniques, such as the Voting Ensemble model, the aim is to improve the accuracy and reliability of credit risk analysis. Additionally, it explores tailored feature engineering techniques that focus on selecting and engineering informative features specific to credit risk analysis. 2024 Sudiksha et al., licensed to EAI. -
Machine Learning Enabled Financial Statements in Assessing a Business's Performance
Machine Learning Enabled Financial Statements (MLEFS) revolutionize corporate performance analysis. This study examines MLEFS's dramatic effects using data gathering, model creation, interpretability, deployment, and ethics. We found that MLEFS accurately predicts crucial financial measures, helping investors, lenders, and financial analysts make better judgments. The study emphasizes the importance of financial measures like Return on Assets (ROA) in supporting financial theories and models. The research also stresses interpretability and ethics, promoting responsible machine learning in finance. Future trends include enhanced interpretability, strong ethical frameworks, real-time analysis, big data integration, regulatory adaption, and industrial acceptance. This study opens the door to data-driven financial analysis and decision-making, improving strategic planning, risk reduction, and investor trust. 2024 IEEE. -
Machine Learning for Early Detection of Chronic Diseases: A Case Study in Diabetes Prediction
Early detection of chronic diseases like diabetes is very important for early treatment and effective management. This chapter describes a machine learning (ML) solution for predicting diabetes risk from clinical structured data and a case study is constructed on the PIMA Indian Diabetes dataset. The solution caters to the entire ML pipeline: problem formulation, preprocessing of data, feature selection (FS), model training, validation, and deployment issues. Different preprocessing techniques including missing value imputation, detection of outliers, and feature normalization were used for improving data quality. FS techniques like correlation analysis, recursive feature elimination, and selection based on domain knowledge were utilized to decrease the dimensionality of the data as well as model interpretability. Extensive comparison was conducted among widely used classification models like logistic regression (LR), random forest, support vector machine, and XGBoost. It was suggested to adopt a stacked ensemble model of LR, RF, SVM, and XGBoost that achieved better performance in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The findings confirm the tremendous potential of ML to enable early diabetes diagnosis as an unobtrusive, data-driven, and scalable decision-making supporting system for physicians. This is the groundwork for the further development of clinically applicable artificial intelligence-based prediction models within real-world healthcare settings. 2026 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston, Genthiner Stra 13, 10785 Berlin. -
Machine learning for healthcare
Machine learning currently drives healthcare innovation, enabling novelty in solving complex medical problems. This chapter will present an in-depth critical review of various machine learning techniques applicable in healthcare in general, focusing on practical applications and recent advancements. It will further discuss supervised and unsupervised learning to semi-supervised learning methods, thereby detailing their uses for disease prediction, segmentation of patients, and image analysis in medical science. Among the most important areas in ML includes data preprocessing and feature engineering issues in health-care datasets. This further includes treatments for missing data, dimensionality reduction, and class imbalance. This chapter also discusses extensive case studies with state-of-the-art approaches that give insight into how the ML approach is changing health care decision-making, increasing diagnostic precision, and improving patient outcomes. Interpretability, scalability, and the mitigation of bias are further discussed as some of the challenges in the implementation of ML in healthcare. Ethical considerations regarding the need to develop responsible AI in healthcare and regulatory compliance are also discussed. It aims to serve as a handbook for researchers, practitioners, and policy analysts operating at the intersection between ML and healthcare. 2026 -
Machine Learning for Mental Health: A Sentiment Analysis Approach for Detecting Depressive Tendencies on LinkedIn During Layoffs Using RoBERTa
In the present corporate set-up, layoffs are an unfortunate yet common occurrence. Such occurrences lead to loss of job security and can have direconsequences on an individual's mental health, leading to depression. Depression was a global health concern well before the current downsizing came into the picture. These trying times have acted as a catalyst for this illness that affects not just mental health but all aspects of an individuals life. The study investigates the use of sentiment analysis on LinkedIn data to identify and examine depressive tendencies among victims of layoffs. Web-scraped information was taken from LinkedIn profiles of individuals affected directly or indirectly by layoffs. RoBERTa, a transformers model, is used to classify people as depressed or not by evaluating sentiment and emotional cues. A comparison between four machine learning algorithms- Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, SVM, and Nae Bayes is drawn to check their ability to detect depression. The SVM classifier performed best with an accuracy of 95.59% and 83.52% with the CountVectorizer and TF-IDF feature selection methods, respectively. Sentiment analysis aids in this research by examining the melancholic undertones in the words and phrases used in texts authored by people affected by layoffs directly or indirectly. The knowledge gained from this research can significantly affect corporate initiatives, mental health services, and human resource practices during such challenging times. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Machine Learning for Smart School Selection and Admissions
Choosing the best school for their kid is an important choice that parents must make, and it is sometimes stressful and unsure. Machine learning is a potential way to improve and streamline the admissions and school selection process in the current digital era. This study investigates the use of machine learning methods in the context of selective admissions and smart school selection. We propose a user-friendly, web-based tool in the early phases of our study that helps parents and guardians locate the ideal school for their kid by using machine learning algorithms. To provide individualized school recommendations, the platform gathers and analyses a range of data, such as extracurricular activity participation, academic achievement, regional preferences, and school reputation. This makes choosing a school easier and supports parents in making wise choices. This paper's second section explores the technical details of the machine learning techniques used, going into the nuances of feature selection, data preparation, and model assessment. We also draw attention to the difficulties and moral issues - such as maintaining impartiality and avoiding bias - that come with using machine learning to school selection. 2023 IEEE. -
Machine Learning in Cyber Threats Intelligent System
Cybercriminals disrupt services, exfiltrate sensitive data, and exploit victim machines and networks to perform malicious activities against organizations. A malicious adversary seeks to steal, destroy, or compromise business assets that have a specific financial, reputational, or intellectual value. As a result, organizations are complementing their perimeter defenses with threat intelligence platforms to address these security challenges and eliminate security blind spots for their systems. Any type of information useful for identifying, assessing, monitoring, and responding to cyber threats is considered cyber threat intelligence. Organizations can benefit from increased visibility into cyber threats and policy violations. An organizations threat intelligence allows them to prevent or mitigate various types of cyberattacks. The use of machine learning and artificial intelligence is a key component of cybersecurity conflict, which together allows attackers and defenders to function at new speeds and scales. In spear-phishing attacks, relatively frivolous machine learning algorithms have been used to overwhelming effect as adversarial artificial intelligence. This chapter discusses the various cyber threats, cyber security attack types, publicly available datasets for research work, and machine learning techniques in cyber-physical systems. 2024 selection and editorial matter, S. Vijayalakshmi, P. Durgadevi, Lija Jacob, Balamurugan Balusamy, and Parma Nand; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Machine Learning in Financial Distress: A Scoping Review
Predicting financial distress is crucial for stakeholders, policymakers, governments, and management in decision-making processes. Researchers have developed various prediction models encompassing both traditional and machine-learning approaches. Notably, recent attention has shifted towards employing machine learning models to address the limitations of traditional methods. This study seeks to offer insights into current trends, identify gaps, and suggest future research directions using machine learning models for financial distress prediction, employing the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews methodology. To achieve this, a comprehensive search was conducted across three databasesScience Direct, EBSCO, and ProQuestspanning from 2020 to 2023, identifying 34 relevant articles for analysis. The findings underscore the prevalent use of Support Vector Machine in financial distress prediction, followed by the Random Forest Classifier and Artificial Neural Network, with little attention paid to other models. Furthermore, the study underscores the necessity for more research in developing countries, noting the predominance of studies from developed nations. While machine learning models hold promise for enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of financial distress prediction, additional research is imperative to evaluate their effectiveness and applicability across diverse contexts. This scoping review aims to furnish researchers, policymakers, and institutions with valuable insights and policy recommendations, shedding light on underexplored machine-learning techniques. 2024, Iquz Galaxy Publisher. All rights reserved. -
Machine Learning in Intrusion Detection: A Comprehensive Analysis
Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are employed to investigate anomalous behavior in a network system, which monitors a network system for suspicious behavior, which is essential for maintaining network security. Improving accuracy in intrusion detection is necessary to lower false alarms and boost detection rates. Support Vector Machine (SVMLinear and Quadratic), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and k-nearest neighbors (kNN), machine learning techniques for intrusion detection in network environments, are compared in this research. The effectiveness of SVM, which is well-known for its resilience in high-dimensional environments, in differentiating between normal and malicious behavior is examined. Straightforward yet powerful algorithms, namely KNN and LSTM, are analyzed to see how well they can adjust to different types of intrusions. Regarding detection accuracy, false positive rates, and response times, the experimental results on a benchmark intrusion detection dataset highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the models considered for the study. This study suggests incorporating machine-learning approaches into real-time intrusion detection systems to improve network security and lessen cyber risks. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Machine Learning in Investment Analysis-Enhancing or Replacing Human Judgment
Machine Learning (ML) involvement in investment analysis is quickly revolutionizing the investment-based decisions through becoming highly accurate, quick, and embracing increased data processing capabilities. This paper is to research on whether ML is complementary or a possible replacement to human financial judgment. We run experiments over 1.2 million financial transactions between 150 firms comparing old style analyst recommendations and ML-models, including XGBoost, LSTM and Random Forest. The findings indicate that ML models outperformed prediction capability by 19.6 percent and lowered the volatility of the portfolios by 14.3 percent in 5-year investment. Also, the ML-Aided decision-making was better than human (only) approaches in 78 percent of the cases in markets with high volatility or that involved trading in complicated assets. The qualitative variables like regulatory policy changes and investor sentiment however were too difficult to decipher under the leadership of ML only. Our results indicate that ML supports rather than supers the human judgement and thus demonstrates a hybrid paradigm of decision making that resolves computational exactitude with context sensitive understanding in the modern investment scenarios. 2025 IEEE. -
Machine learning in smart agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of the soil, the growth of crops and the raising of livestock. Agriculture is critical to the economic development of a country. Farming generates nearly 58% of a country's primary income. Previously, cultivators had accepted conventional farming practices. Because these methods were imprecise, they produced less and took longer time. Precise farming boosts productivity by precisely determining which steps must be completed at what time. Precision farming entails forecasting the weather, analyzing soil, recommending crops for cultivation and calculating the amount of fertilizer and pesticides that must be used. Precise farming uses advanced technologies such as IoT, data mining, data analytics, and machine learning (ML) to collect data, train systems and predict outcomes. Precision farming employs technology to reduce manual labor and boost productivity. Farmers have recently faced several difficulties, such as crop failure due to insufficient rainfall, soil infertility and so on. The proposed work in determining the soil, managing crops and harvesting efficiently can solve the problems caused by environmental changes. It guides a person's farming strategy to produce better results through a proper prediction process. The goal of this research is to assist an individual in efficiently cultivating crops, resulting in high productivity at a low cost. It also assists in estimating the total cost of cultivation and forecasting the likely economic barriers. This would help a person plan activities prior to cultivation, resulting in an integrated farming solution. 2023 River Publishers. All rights reserved. -
Machine learning insights into mental health risk factors associated with climate change: Impact on schoolchildren's cognitive abilities
In this chapter, we use machine learning techniques to investigate how the effects of climate change and certain risk factors for mental health affect students' cognitive skills in the classroom. The mental health of at-risk populations, especially students, must be considered in light of the fact that the world's environment is changing significantly. Using state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms, we analyze large datasets that include environmental variables, socio-economic characteristics, and markers of mental health among school-aged persons. We are primarily interested in identifying key relationships and trends that might help us understand the complex relationship between climate change and cognitive health in this population. In order to uncover complex insights, the chapter takes a holistic approach by combining feature selection, model training, and interpretability analysis. The cognitive capacities of school-aged children may be significantly impacted by some climate- related stresses, according to preliminary results. The findings add to our knowledge of the interconnected webs of environmental shifts, psychological susceptibilities, and cognitive consequences. Educators, legislators, and healthcare providers can benefit from this study's use of machine learning insights into the possible effects of climate change on students' mental health. It also paves the way for the creation of tailored treatments and adaptive techniques to deal with the highlighted dangers, fostering resilience and prosperity in the face of a changing environment. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved.