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Ant colony based mechanism for increasing life time of critical nodes
MANET nodes act as a host as well as a router which increases the significance of every node for their participation in communication. Loss of any node in the network results in failure of links connected to the node which brings the importance of increased lifespan of a node. Some nodes during frequent transaction at critical network scenario consume more energy and become ill with critical energy level. Special attention towards these nodes can improve the lifespan of the node. In this paper an ant colony-based pheromone deposition mechanism was proposed to extend the lifetime of ill nodes. Pheromone deposited for the neighbor in the pheromone table helps in identifying frequently communicated neighbor. The proposed algorithm identifies the ill node and requests its frequently communicated neighbor for a tie up. The neighbor shares the workload of the ill node with mutual agreement. This method also improves the performance of a network by limiting pheromone deposition practice for low weighted nodes with low energy and high density (packet in queue). The proposed method increases lifespan of ill nodes and thereby increases the lifetime of entire network. The proposed work was also compared with existing protocol and the results have proved that the proposed mechanism has increased lifetime and reduced energy consumption of the entire network. 2019 School of Science, IHU. All rights reserved. -
Optimized gateway oriented unicast and multicast routing for multi hop communication network
Networking and communication in an infrastructure less environment had brought interest in the development of mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). Growth of technologies in years has increased the size of the network and its applications. In larger MANET, it becomes important to maintain the quality of performance for increased overhead scenarios. Grouping of network optimizes the workload with reduced overhead for routing and maintenance in larger MANET. Mobile nodes are grouped by the use of clustering algorithms. Once the MANET environment is formed, the network needs appropriate architecture and methods to have efficient and effective transactions. Mobility, energy, selection of cluster head and gateway are parallel related with efficiency metrics of the network optimizing these parameter helps to increase performance of network in terms of higher packet delivery ratio, less energy consumption and jitter. This work proposes a routing architectural algorithm especially for very large network to get high-quality performance. The proposed method uses unicasting and multicasting approaches in an optimized way for routing and maintenance of the network. Analysis results prove that the proposed model has performed with higher packet delivery ration of 1.17% with a reduced jitter of 0.0014 s. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2017. -
A Novel Network-Based Digital Payment Fraud Detection using OP-ELM Network
Internet and Industry 4.0 have helped banks and other financial organizations enhance procedures and decrease fraud. Digital payment techniques have helped internet buying skyrocket. Industry 4.0 promotes process optimization, ecosystem collaboration, and growth by integrating digital systems with physical and IoT devices. Unfortunately, digital payment cybercrime has grown rapidly, causing large annual financial losses. Because of this, fraud detection systems must be constantly improved. The suggested TLELM approach includes preprocessing, feature selection, and model training. Preprocessing involves standardizing data, eliminating outliers, and handling null or missing values. The CSO technique selects relevant features by optimizing selection. A new approach combining TL and ELM improves DPFD procedures. The new metaheuristic TL excels at combinatorial optimization. TLELM efficacy was examined using multiple datasets. The recommended method was compared to top-tier algorithms for binary and multiclass data categorization. Experimental data shows that TLELM outperforms other models with 99.37% accuracy. This study found that TLELM can detect online payment fraud. The method optimizes fraud detection and classification accuracy using TL and ELM. Add more real-world datasets to strengthen robustness and make additional improvements to handle future fraud methods. 2025 IEEE. -
Image contrast enhancement by scaling reconstructed approximation coefficients using SVD combined masking technique
The proposed method addresses the general issues of image contrast enhancement. The input image is enhanced by incorporating discrete wavelet transform, singular value decomposition, standard intensity deviation based clipped sub image histogram equalization and masking technique. In this method, low pass filtered coefficients of wavelet and its scaled version undergoes masking approach. The scale value is obtained using singular value decomposition between reconstructed approximation coefficients and standard intensity deviation based clipped sub image histogram equalization image. The masking image is added to the original image to produce a maximum contrast-enhanced image. The supremacy of the proposed method tested over other methods. The qualitative and quantitative analysis is used to justify the performance of the proposed method. 2015 The Science and Information (SAI) Organization Limited. -
IoT based Smart Poultry to Produce a Healthy Environment
According to studies, there are approximately 850 million poultry birds across India, with an average of 30 million farmers working in the sector. In other words, a poultry farm is a trustworthy and long-term way to make money in India. However, managing a poultry farm is labour intensive due to the need for constant surveillance and control over a wide range of environmental factors. The actual implementation of this is significantly more complicated, expensive, and time-consuming. The paper suggested a smart poultry system that tries to provide the solution for all the issues. The health of poultry birds heavily relies on environmental parameters, so variables like temperature and humidity are measured and monitored continuously. The website was made so that poultry keepers may get reliable information about their birds' health and use that information to take the appropriate measures. Moreover, in the event of a crisis, such as a fire or the illness of a single bird, the owner will receive a notification. It is also possible to gather information about the poultry in the specified timespan. The Firebase cloud is used for wireless monitoring and managing the poultry system. The suggested automatic smart poultry system will make the birds healthy and it indirectly helps the owners to increase their profit with minimal human effort. 2022 IEEE. -
A conceptual framework for the worklife balance of police officers: a post-COVID-19 perspective
This study has undertaken a comprehensive review of literature from 2019 to 2021, encompassing work/life balance review articles to identify the research gap in the work/life balance area. Employing the PRISMA framework for systematic literature review, the study identified prospective areas for future research on work/life balance and variables associated with work/life balance in the police sector. The articles published between 2013 and 2023 relating to the police force over the past decade were reviewed to frame a conceptual framework for the work/life balance of police officers. Further literature review attests that there is a research gap in the police sector. The primary goal is to identify the area (work/life balance in the police sector) that lacked research and establish a conceptual framework addressing the work/life balance of police officers, even in challenging situations like COVID-19. The articles related to police from 2013 to 2023 were scrutinised through the PRISMA framework to identify variables necessary for constructing the conceptual framework for police officers. This article, set in the post-COVID-19 era, delves into the factors influencing police officers capacity to uphold a healthy worklife balance. By pinpointing those research gaps, the article proposes a conceptual framework designed to help police officers balance their professional and personal lives. Such a framework can aid organisations in formulating effective strategies for employee well-being, facilitating worklife balance even in challenging circumstances, such as those imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
The economics of market and inclusive growth in tourism: A narrative of rural artisans' socio-economic wellbeing
Developing nations are starting to take centre stage and are becoming more conscious of their economic potential in the tourism sector. Earlier, these countries were largely left out of the tourist sector. Today, the foreign exchange reserves of these nations are mostly derived from tourism and a nation's balance of payments derived through tourism supports international trade and stabilizes the economy. The chapter adopts a case study method to evaluate the prospects of inclusive growth through socio economic well-being. In the dynamic and constantly evolving tourism industry, it is imperative to make the growth more inclusive so that there is a balanced approach to long term sustainable development. When it comes to using traditional skills and cultural heritage to participate in this economic paradigm, rural artisans face both opportunities and challenges as the global tourism landscape undergoes evolving transformations. The study commences by closely examining the current market obstacles that rural artisans in the tourism industry face, which encompass a range of issues such as shifting consumer preferences, market saturation and the aftermath of external shocks like pandemics. The chapter indicates major obstacles impeding the integration of rural artisans into the tourism value chain by means of a thorough empirical analysis. In order to overcome the obstacles, the study investigates inclusive growth and how it might act as a spur to improve the socio-economic circumstances of rural craftsmen. The findings in the chapter distil best practices that promote inclusivity, empower local communities and support sustainable tourism development by looking at successful case studies and policy interventions. 2024 The authors. All rights reserved. -
Harnessing transformational technologies for a sustainable future: A regenerative approach to green economy and tourism development
This chapter proposes to understand the prospects of smart technologies that can transform tourism destinations and instigate regenerative development process. Bio-based resource consumption and technology-driven practices aimed for better sustainable development have been the need of the era. This study emphasizes the theory of regenerative tourism, which attempts to preserve and improve a destination's natural and cultural resources while contributing to the socio-economic development of the host communities. It examines how transformational technologies, like smart infrastructure, big data analytics and renewable energy systems, could assist the tourism industry achieve the transition to a green economy. This chapter illustrates the benefits and problems of integrating such technologies into the tourism infrastructure of a destination. Additionally, it highlights the necessity of cooperation among stakeholders and policymakers and examines the possible environmental, social and economic implications of using a regenerative approach to tourism. The results of this study contribute to the expanding body of knowledge on the development of sustainable tourism and shed light on the transformative potential of technology in creating a more sustainable and resilient future. 2024 Alhamzah Alnoor, G Erkol Bayram, Chew XinYing and Syed Haider Ali Shah. All rights reserved. -
Unleashing AI's potential for optimal student learning in education: Ethical implications
The impact of technology and its advancements has proliferated in all the sectors of the economy, including the education sector. The integration of technology into the education sector is very evident from the teaching pedagogy and strategies followed by educational institutions worldwide. The concept of blended learning has gained much attention due to its multifaceted nature; as it includes blending traditional face to face teaching with the use of online and electronic media. As the integration of technology requires huge amounts of student data to be processed, it can also lead to ethical dilemmas and concerns due to its sensitive and confidential nature. This chapter focuses on the various dimensions of technological integration in the education system and its practical implications on enhancing student learning and engagement. In order to provide a road map for future research on developing an education model that can improve learning and teaching experiences, the article also addresses key hurdles, ethical issues, and potential risks of integrating AI for education. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Big data and artificial intelligence: Creative tools for destination competitiveness
With the advancement of ICT, the tourism industry has undergone a digital transformation where management, marketing, and communication are largely using web based applications. Automation of processes like ticketing and reservation, online hotel booking, E visa processing, etc., indicates the significant reliance of the sector on technology and world wide web for its services. Big data and artificial intelligence are a fairly new and innovative approach to addressing this issue of managing and analyzing huge datasets collected from multiple sources. This chapter focuses on understanding the role and importance of big data and artificial intelligence in the tourism industry and its impact on improving the overall image and attractiveness of destinations. Copyright 2023, IGI Global. -
The emerging role of innovative teaching practices in tourism education in the post-COVID-19 era
The education sector has undergone a tremendous transformation during the last few decades with the advancement of information and communication technology. Traditional methods of teaching and learning are replaced with modern technology enabled methods such as virtual reality, 3D images and videos, augmented reality, and gamification. Tourism education involves learning about geographic regions, destinations, and sightseeing. The shift from offline mode of teaching to a completely online and digital platform during the COVID-19 pandemic has further accelerated the need to include such innovative practices in teaching and learning. This chapter focuses on the potential benefits of enabling technology infused teaching and learning methods and their implications on improving student motivation and engagement. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Spectroscopic investigation on shuttlecock-shaped liquid crystalline trimers: Mesomorphic behaviour and its application in optical storage devices
In this paper, we discuss the synthesis and characterization of 2,3,4-tris[n-((4-(-cyanophenyl)diazenyl)phenoxy)alkyloxy]benzonitrile obtained by coupling 2,3,4-trihydroxy benzonitrile and (E)-4-((4-((n-bromoalkyl)oxy)phenyl)diazenyl)benzonitrile, pertain to shuttlecock shaped liquid crystals. The molecular structure was confirmed by NMR spectroscopic and elemental analyzer. The thermal behavior of the trimers was assessed using a polarizing optical microscope (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The three diazo groups in the trimers enabled us to study the photo-isomerization effect and evaluate their potential applications in optical storage devices. Importantly, we found these trimers easy to synthesize and process, paving the way for cost-effective alternatives to traditional LC materials. We fabricated an optical storage device to study the light effects on shuttlecock-shaped LC trimers, demonstrating that the geometry of the trimers plays a crucial role in determining structure-property relationships. 2024 -
Enhancing worklife balance: Social support, resilience, and job satisfaction among Indian gazetted police officers
Police officers grapple with the challenge of balancing their professional obligations and personal lives. They endure 10- to 12-hour shifts and make split-second decisions that can have life-altering consequences for themselves and others. This job adds complexity, requiring them to manage time and effort. This study examines the mediating role of job satisfaction and resilience in the relationship between social support and the worklife balance of gazetted police officers. The proportional quota sampling method was used to collect data from 242 respondents across different ranks (senior, middle, and junior) in the state of Karnataka. Structural equation modeling analysis was done on the collected data using SPSS Amos. This study demonstrates that social support significantly enhances both job satisfaction and resilience, which, in turn, contribute to better worklife balance. The findings highlight the mediating roles of resilience and job satisfaction, reinforcing the idea that a strong support system fosters personal and professional well-being. To reduce workload and improve worklife balance, organizations can increase recruitment in line with UN recommendations and establish peer support programs, mindfulness-based interventions, and cognitive behavioral programs through police training academies. 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Assessing the Role of Organizational Support and Job Satisfaction in Mitigating Work-Life Imbalance Among Gazetted Police Officers
The police profession entails significant obligations and prolonged work hours, which increase stress levels and affect officers' health. Police officers engage with various entities and make instantaneous, life-altering judgments, which exert pressure on their physical and psychological health. The police officers face challenges achieving work-life balance due to the demands of round-the-clock duties. The study examines the relationship between organizational support and work-life balance and the mediating role of job satisfaction in this relationship. Gazetted police officers working in the State of Karnataka were the population of the study. Using a sample of 242 officers determined through the Krejcie and Morgan formula and proportional quota sampling method, data were collected via a standardized questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS PROCESS MACRO. The findings reveal that organizational support positively impacts work-life balance, with job satisfaction serving as a partial mediator. Supportive programs, policies, and promotional opportunities within the police organization enhance job satisfaction, which, in turn, contributes to achieving work-life balance. The study underscores the critical role of organizational support in promoting the work-life balance and job satisfaction of gazetted police officers, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to have work-life balance. Study suggests implementing the programs and policies like flexible work schedules, family friendly policies and addressing understaffing for work-life balance of gazetted police officers. 2025, Iquz Galaxy Publisher. All rights reserved. -
Robotics, artificial intelligence and service automation (RAISA) A model for smart and sustainable destination management
Technological progress in information and communication technologies (ICTs) has facilitated the implementation of automation and the integration of more advanced technologies in all industries. With the advent of robotics, artificial intelligence and service automation (RAISA) technologies, tourism service providers and market players have redirected their attention from traditional and conventional methods of service delivery to more modern and innovative approaches. Emerging technologies such as big data, mobile internet, the internet of things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI) have been fueling a rapid growth in innovations that facilitate a sustainable shift towards social robots. While AI is extensively studied in the field of tourism research, robotics and intelligent service automation have received less comprehensive research attention. The present study endeavors to investigate the prospective landscape of the travel and tourism sector using a rigorous qualitative secondary data analysis approach through web page content analysis on the awareness and usage of RAISA technologies in the global marketplace. The publication proposes four primary research objectives: investigating the advantages of RAISA, evaluating its usage and adaptability, examining the effects and difficulties of implementing the systems, and establishing a sustainable future with RAISA-enabled services. Research in these fields will facilitate the systematic and organized generation of knowledge, enabling the academic community to guarantee the advantageous implementations of intelligent automation in the tourism sector. This work presents a taxonomy for RAISA technologies in tourism and presents a persuasive case for how this interdisciplinary field should be included in conventional tourism research. by the Author,. -
Tourist Accommodation Regional Demand Investment and Supply (TARDIS) Model
Amid the competition and dynamic environment, the travel and tourism industry strives to survive by integrating the efforts of the multiple stakeholders involved. Destinations that employ competent strategies and innovative management practices emerge successfully in the global context with the application of the Tourist Accommodation Regional Demand Investment and Supply (TARDIS) model. Global destinations aim to promote regional development through a sustainable orientation with the adoption of certain best practices in the industry for ensuring long-term growth and success. But Regional Demand Investment and Supply Model stratifies the growth with increased cost and cost-efficacy at touristic destinations. This research assesses how the interests of stakeholders can be managed effectively through TARDIS business model, which integrates profitability with the impact on touristic destinations and their hospitality industry. This study analyzes key stakeholders including local communities, government bodies, private sector entities, and tourists, focusing on their roles, responsibilities, and collaborative potential in fostering a sustainable destination. By the integration of the principles of TARDIS approach into the tourism and hospitality sector, this research proposes the practical solutions to regional growth and stakeholder prioritization, mapping with value co-creation. CAB International 2026. -
Artificial intelligence-powered travel apps with mixed reality immersion
Conventional and traditional industry standards have seen a drastic shift in recent years with the technological revolution. The introduction of big data, artificial intelligence (AI), and virtual and augmented reality has created a sophisticated and futuristic environment for businesses to strive for. AI-enabled tourism applications refer to the digital tools and software used in the tourism sector that use AI technology to improve and customize a variety of aspects of the travel experience. Though it has applications in tourism that go beyond conventional approaches, AI is still vital to many industries. This chapter examines how AI provides travelers with intelligent and personalized solutions, enabling them to have immersive travel experiences. This investigation includes virtual travel agents, intelligent itinerary planners, AR navigation, and other cutting-edge AI-powered services that cater to individual preferences and needs. The study acknowledges the dynamic landscape of AI-enabled travel apps as well as the evolving expectations of modern travelers. It addresses the opportunities and challenges brought about by the integration of AI in the tourism sector, highlighting the potential for enhanced user experiences and better travel planning. The chapter also discusses how immersive experiences can be created with technology, shedding light on how AI could encourage travelers to develop closer relationships with their travel destinations. It examines how AI impacts decision-making processes, the customization of travel recommendations, and user satisfaction overall within the context of travel experiences. 2025 Sandhya H. and Bindi Varghese. All rights reserved. -
Digital Revolution: Transforming the Tourism Business Landscape Post-Pandemic
Over the past decade, Indias travel and tourism sector has experienced consistent growth in terms of the volume of inbound, outbound, and domestic travelers. The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 precipitated an economic downturn in the worldwide tourism industry. The tourism and hospitality industry encountered an unparalleled and unfavorable situation as a result of the governments implementation of travel restrictions and stringent quarantine regulations. Both leisure and business travelers were forced to cancel or delay their travel plans, which led to significant penalties for making last-minute changes to their reservations. Destinations around the globe have implemented unique strategies and elements to enhance their resilience in the aftermath of the pandemic. While a significant number of travel agents and tour operators incurred substantial financial losses, a select few recognized this situation as an opportunity and introduced a range of inventive products, along with implementing innovative marketing and promotion strategies. Quarantine stays, Untact Tourism, and Virtual Tourism are neologisms that have gained popularity in the aftermath of the pandemic. Travel businesses have integrated technology and proved to be digitally adaptive business entities. The objective of this study is to comprehend and assess the technology-embedded recovery strategies implemented by the tourism industry in the state of Kerala, located in South India, following the pandemic. The study conducted comprehensive interviews with distinguished travel and hospitality experts from the state. The collected data were utilized to analyze the repercussions of the pandemic on the travel industry in the state, as well as to evaluate the efficacy of the measures implemented by businesses after the pandemic in terms of generating revenue and rebuilding the reputation of the destination. An in-depth examination of the tourism and hospitality websites has proven valuable in comprehending the marketing tactics employed by the companies amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The studys findings can aid stakeholders in the tourism industry in devising effective measures to endure a pandemic by implementing innovative and creative product development and crisis management strategies. 2026 World Scientific Publishing Europe Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Resilience Amidst Neglect: Analyzing Government Failures and Community Strengths in the Wayanad Crisis
Disaster-prone areas are geographically, environmentally, or climatically vulnerable to natural disasters and require strong preparedness and adaptation. Collaboration, indigenous knowledge, and resource mobilization help communities recover and rebuild after crises, reducing vulnerability. This study investigates the catastrophic landslide in Wayanad, Kerala, in July 2024, to analyze governmental inadequacies in disaster preparedness and the notable resilience strategies exhibited by the local community. The landslide, intensified by unregulated development in ecologically vulnerable areas, underscores the failure to execute essential environmental recommendations, including those specified in the Madhav Gadgil and Kasturirangan reports. Notwithstanding these challenges, the community's swift response via local organization, resource mobilization, and local leadership was instrumental in alleviating additional losses and facilitating recovery. The research highlights the relationship among crisis management, community empowerment, and environmental sustainability in areas susceptible to disasters. This research analyzes the Wayanad disaster and proposes a model that integrates proactive policy measures with community-driven strategies to bolster resilience and diminish vulnerability in ecologically sensitive areas. The RESTORE Model Framework is a comprehensive methodology for disaster management, highlighting Resilience, Early Warning, Sustainability, and Strategic Collaboration as fundamental components. The results underscore the imperative for collaborative frameworks that incorporate government entities, local stakeholders, and environmental specialists to enhance disaster management systems. 2026, IDRiM Society. All rights reserved. -
Synthesis and characterization of NiTiO?L-ornithine nanoparticles and their antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant activities, and zebrafish biocompatibility
The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and biofilm-associated infections demands multifunctional nanomaterials with improved efficacy and safety. In this study, defect-engineered nickel titanate (NiTiO?) nanoparticles functionalized with L-Ornithine (NiTiO?LO) were synthesized via a co-precipitation approach to enhance antimicrobial performance while maintaining biocompatibility. XRD analysis confirmed phase-pure rhombohedral NiTiO? with reduced crystallite size upon functionalization (31.3 2nm to 26.2 2nm). XPS and FTIR analyses verified successful LO surface coordination and modulation of oxygen vacancyrelated defect states. PL studies revealed defect-mediated green emissions (507529nm), indicating stabilized oxygen vacancies after functionalization. NiTiO?LO exhibited significantly enhanced antibacterial and antifungal activity, with inhibition zones of 17.9 0.4mm and 18.9 0.4mm, respectively. The nanoparticles also demonstrated concentration-dependent antioxidant activity, achieving ~ 63% DPPH scavenging at 100g/mL, comparable to Vitamin C (~ 65%). Importantly, zebrafish embryo assays showed no observable developmental toxicity, indicating favourable in vivo biocompatibility. These findings establish NiTiO?-LO as a defect-modulated, multifunctional nanoplatform integrating antimicrobial, antioxidant, and biocompatible properties for potential biomedical applications. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026.